Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Protección Radiológica/métodos , Radiografía Intervencional/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Humanos , Dosis de Radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Protección Radiológica/legislación & jurisprudencia , Radiometría/métodosRESUMEN
Quality assurance is essential in the cost-effective provision of radiologic services. Technical aspects include the routine measurement of equipment performance and the control of reject and retake rates. The current emphasis is on reducing patient radiation dose while maintaining acceptable image quality. The reduction of unnecessary radiologic investigations is also a priority. Clinical and medical audits, integral parts of the quality assurance process, form part of a continuously repeated cycle designed to raise standards of performance by changing clinical practice on the basis of outcome analysis. Quality assurance in mammography is presented as an example.
Asunto(s)
Auditoría Médica , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud , Radiología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Mamografía , Radiología/instrumentación , Tecnología Radiológica/métodosRESUMEN
Exposure to radiation by surgeon and patient was measured in ten cases during insertion of a dynamic hip screw, using image intensified screening. There were low levels of irradiation of the thyroid and eyes of the surgeon. However, the dominant hand of the surgeon was often exposed to higher levels. The use of a memory during screening significantly reduced the level of radiation measured (P less than 0.05). Recommendations are made for reducing radiation exposure by the surgeon, and a method is described to measure the irradiation of surgeons' hands.
Asunto(s)
Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Fracturas de Cadera/cirugía , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/efectos adversos , Tornillos Óseos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Ojo/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Médicos , Dosis de Radiación , Monitoreo de Radiación , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de la radiaciónAsunto(s)
Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión/instrumentación , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/instrumentación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
A radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (NDOG2) directed against placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) was used in the radio-immunodetection of ovarian carcinoma. Tumour deposits were successfully visualized in 11 of 15 patients and the abnormalities demonstrated were classified as focal or diffuse. Of the 11 patients, eight showed focal abnormalities alone and three had a diffuse abnormality, of which two also showed a focal abnormality. False-positive results may occur not only due to uptake of 123I by gut mucosa and an inadequately blocked thyroid gland but also from activity in an incompletely emptied bladder. A false-negative result occurred due to high background activity in the liver masking a known, discrete tumour deposit.
Asunto(s)
Fosfatasa Alcalina/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Placenta/enzimología , Ciego/diagnóstico por imagen , Reacciones Falso Negativas , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Femenino , Humanos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ováricas/enzimología , CintigrafíaRESUMEN
The biodistribution of a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (123I-NDOG2) was studied in patients with ovarian tumour. It was found that the uptake patterns in known tumour sites was variable and that the clearance of the agent from the vascular pool was due to renal excretion of the radionuclide and the redistribution of the radioactively labelled compound into other compartments. The mean (+/- SD) plasma clearance time was 20.8 (+/- 2.3) h and the ratios of target (tumour) to background (thigh) ranged between 1.4 and 4.8. The ratio between the plasma radioactivity at either 3.5 or 20 h after administration was calculated relative to the initial plasma radioactivity. These values (0.79 and 0.48, respectively) were incorporated into an image-subtraction technique that allowed for redistribution outside the vascular pool. A whole-body dose equivalent to 16.3 mu Sv MBq-1 (60.4 mrem.mCi-1) was calculated.