RESUMEN
A comparative effectiveness of the newborn BCG- and BCG-M vaccination was analysed as to the indices of primary infection, morbidity and its structure. The rate of postvaccination complications in 1,645,360 children, aged under 3 years, and living in the areas with different epidemiological situations for tuberculosis was studied too. 2,142,292 and 799486 healthy newborns were BCG- and BCG-M-vaccinated, respectively. The studies were carried out in Moscow, Kiev, Vilnius++ and Tashkent. The obtained results indicate that the number of complications in the form of regional lymphadenitis induced by BCG-M vaccine is 5 times less frequent than those caused by BCG. Under favourable epidemiological conditions, the primary infection and morbidity are alike, while under unfavourable ones the former is higher, particularly in infants in their first year as compared to the BCG-vaccinated. On the basis of the available data BCG-M can be recommended for the vaccination of all the newborns living in the areas with a favourable epidemiological situation for tuberculosis, thus increasing the newborn vaccination coverage and bringing the morbidity down.
Asunto(s)
Vacuna BCG/inmunología , Recién Nacido/inmunología , Linfadenitis/prevención & control , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Vacuna BCG/administración & dosificación , Vacuna BCG/efectos adversos , Humanos , Linfadenitis/etiología , U.R.S.S. , Vacunación , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Experimental and clinical investigations on the possibility of reducing the antigenic content of the vaccine intended for the immunization of newborn infants have been made. Experiments on guinea pigs and white mice have demonstrated that the reduced dose of the preparation, twice as low by weight (0.025 mg), produces the same level of protection against tuberculosis as the full dose (0.5 mg). A new preparation with reduced antigenic content, vaccine BCG-M, has been developed, the technical specifications for this preparation have been approved, and its serial production has been allowed. Clinical tests have revealed that the use of the new preparation makes it possible to decrease the occurrence of unusual postvaccinal reactions and complications (lymphadenitis, ulceration) 3-fold and at the same time to increase the coverage of infants by primary immunization against tuberculosis by 7-8% annually. Since January 1986 this vaccine has been introduced into medical practice.