RESUMEN
Resumen En Colombia, la agroindustria utiliza el argumento de que el control de plagas es necesario para alimentar a la población mundial, de esta forma, instala una forma de producción que usa agrotóxicos. Sin embargo, los impactos en la salud es estos productos no existen en los discursos de sus funciones asépticas. La presente investigación utilizó el análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) para caracterizar y analizar los discursos sobre las formas de producción y trabajo que favorecen la exposición a agrotóxicos y los impactos en la salud en las familias de las regiones rurales de Usme y Sumapaz, Colombia. Para ello, se utilizaron diferentes técnicas de recolección de datos cualitativos: observación participante, entrevista semiestructurada e investigación documental. Los discursos muestran la interacción entre formas estructurales que definen la construcción de la realidad desde significados que transforma al sujeto rural, se construyen para el caso de la agroindustria y el uso de agrotóxicos una violencia simbólica institucional. Esta relación discursiva impone una vida cotidiana que naturaliza la exposición a los agrotóxicos y transfiere en las colectividades las responsabilidades sobre los impactos en la salud de estos productos tóxicos.
Abstract In Colombia, the agribusiness industry argues that pest control is essential to feed the world population, establishing a new model of production based on the intensive use of agrotoxics. However, the health impacts of these products are absent from the industry's discourses. This study used critical discourse analysis to analyze and characterize discourses of modes of production and work process that lead to exposure to agrotoxics and health impacts among families in rural areas of Usme and Sumapaz in Colombia. The following data collection techniques were used: participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The discourses show that interaction between structural forms that define the construction of reality transforms subjects. In the case of agribusiness and the use of agrotoxics, this interaction constitutes institutional symbolic violence. This discursive relationship imposes an everyday life that normalizes exposure to agrotoxics and transfers the responsibility for their health impacts to rural communities.
RESUMEN
In Colombia, the agribusiness industry argues that pest control is essential to feed the world population, establishing a new model of production based on the intensive use of agrotoxics. However, the health impacts of these products are absent from the industry's discourses. This study used critical discourse analysis to analyze and characterize discourses of modes of production and work process that lead to exposure to agrotoxics and health impacts among families in rural areas of Usme and Sumapaz in Colombia. The following data collection techniques were used: participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The discourses show that interaction between structural forms that define the construction of reality transforms subjects. In the case of agribusiness and the use of agrotoxics, this interaction constitutes institutional symbolic violence. This discursive relationship imposes an everyday life that normalizes exposure to agrotoxics and transfers the responsibility for their health impacts to rural communities.
En Colombia, la agroindustria utiliza el argumento de que el control de plagas es necesario para alimentar a la población mundial, de esta forma, instala una forma de producción que usa agrotóxicos. Sin embargo, los impactos en la salud es estos productos no existen en los discursos de sus funciones asépticas. La presente investigación utilizó el análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) para caracterizar y analizar los discursos sobre las formas de producción y trabajo que favorecen la exposición a agrotóxicos y los impactos en la salud en las familias de las regiones rurales de Usme y Sumapaz, Colombia. Para ello, se utilizaron diferentes técnicas de recolección de datos cualitativos: observación participante, entrevista semiestructurada e investigación documental. Los discursos muestran la interacción entre formas estructurales que definen la construcción de la realidad desde significados que transforma al sujeto rural, se construyen para el caso de la agroindustria y el uso de agrotóxicos una violencia simbólica institucional. Esta relación discursiva impone una vida cotidiana que naturaliza la exposición a los agrotóxicos y transfiere en las colectividades las responsabilidades sobre los impactos en la salud de estos productos tóxicos.
Asunto(s)
Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Violencia , Colombia , HumanosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine the association between the concentrations of intradomiciliary PM2.5, CO, and BC and alterations in respiratory function parameters in a population living in rural dwellings in Bogotá, Colombia. For this cross-sectional study, people were recruited from the rural areas of the localities of Usme and Sumapaz in Bogotá. In total, 68 participants were recruited by means of nonrandom sampling. Indoor air monitoring of PM2.5, BC, and CO was carried out. Additionally, evaluations of pulmonary function were performed using spirometry. The variables of pulmonary function were included in a multiple linear regression by successive steps and adjusted by the main variables described as modifiers of spirometry parameters, which are age, height, sex, disability, and a history of tobacco use. Assumptions of multicollinearity and the randomization of variances in the residuals were evaluated. Negative associations were found between spirometry parameters and the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. For FEV1/FVC and theoretical FEV1, there was a statistically significant association with the concentration of carbon monoxide (p = 0.003 and 0.019, respectively). The environmental concentrations were higher in homes where biomass was used for cooking, but these differences were statistically significant only for BC and CO (p = 0.008 and 0.03, respectively). The concentrations of carbon monoxide in rural homes were associated with alterations in respiratory function parameters.