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BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a challenge in public health, as the prevalence of obesity and overweight has been increasing. It has been observed that serum ferritin (SF) levels are commonly elevated in NAFLD patients. PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between SF levels and NAFLD, exploring the role of SF as a non-invasive marker of NAFLD. METHODS: Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory, and histological data of patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery in a reference center in Brazil were retrospectively evaluated. Data were collected in the preoperative period up to the first year postoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 431 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of hyperferritinemia was 18% in the preoperative period and 14% 1 year after the surgery. After multiple regression analysis, elevated SF was not an independent predictor of steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Increased SF levels are common in patients with NAFLD; however, SF was not considered an independent predictor of steatosis, NASH, or fibrosis.

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INTRODUCTION: Male obesity has a negative correlation with plasma testosterone (T) levels and sexual function (SF). AIM: To evaluate the effect of weight loss through bariatric surgery (BS) on SF, low T symptoms, and hormonal profiles in obese men. METHODS: Thirty-three men who underwent BS participated in this cohort study. Before surgery, all participants underwent clinical examinations, including anthropometric, lipid, glycemic, and hormonal evaluations. SF was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire; low T symptoms were evaluated using the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) and Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaires. The participants were reevaluated 6 months post-surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sex hormone profile, SF, and low T symptoms RESULTS: After BS, a significant increase in mean total T (201 ± 111-548 ± 190 ng/dL, P < .001), free T (5.8 ± 2.8-9.3 ± 3.4 ng/dL, P < .001), bioavailable T (110.3 ± 57.8-198.6 ± 74.3 ng/dL, P < .001), and sexual hormone-binding globulin (19.8 ± 13.7-54.6 ± 23.2 nmol/L, P < .001) levels. There was a significant decrease in estradiol (64.6 ± 27.4-29.2 ± 20.0 [pg/mL], P < .001). SF significantly improved. The total IIEF score increased 5.2 points (62.3 ± 7.4-67.5 ± 7.4, P = .004), erectile function subdomain increased 2.4 points (25.7 ± 4.1-28.1 ± 3.9, P = .011), desire subdomain increased 1.0 points (8.3 ± 1.5-9.3 ± 1.6, P = .006), and intercourse satisfaction subdomain increased 1.2 points (11.4 ± 1.9-12.6 ± 1.8, P = .012). Post-surgery, a 44% reduction (P = .001) was observed in the positive ADAM questionnaire, and improvements in all domains of the AMS questionnaire were found (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Significant weight loss through BS improves erectile function, hormonal profile, and symptoms of T deficiency. Machado FP, Rhoden EL, Pioner SR, et al. Weight Loss Through Bariatric Surgery in Men Presents Beneficial Effects on Sexual Function, Symptoms of Testosterone Deficiency, and Hormonal Profile. Sex Med 2021;9:100400.

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BACKGROUND: Strongly associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It presents as simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and its complications. Among the therapeutic alternatives is bariatric surgery. AIM: To compare the effect of the two most frequent bariatric procedures (sleeve and bypass) on liver disease regarding to epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS: The results of intraoperative and 12 months after surgery liver biopsies were used. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) was used to assess and compare the stages of liver disease. RESULTS: Sixteen (66.7%) patients underwent Bypass procedure and eight (33.3%) Sleeve. It was observed that the variation in the NAFLD activity score was significantly greater in the Bypass group than in Sleeve (p=0.028) and there was a trend regarding the variation in fibrosis (p=0.054). CONCLUSION: Both surgical techniques were effective in improving the hepatic histology of most operated patients. When comparing sleeve and bypass groups, bypass showed better results, according to the NAS score.

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ABSTRACT Background: Strongly associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It presents as simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and its complications. Among the therapeutic alternatives is bariatric surgery. Aim: To compare the effect of the two most frequent bariatric procedures (sleeve and bypass) on liver disease regarding to epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: The results of intraoperative and 12 months after surgery liver biopsies were used. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) was used to assess and compare the stages of liver disease. Results: Sixteen (66.7%) patients underwent Bypass procedure and eight (33.3%) Sleeve. It was observed that the variation in the NAFLD activity score was significantly greater in the Bypass group than in Sleeve (p=0.028) and there was a trend regarding the variation in fibrosis (p=0.054). Conclusion: Both surgical techniques were effective in improving the hepatic histology of most operated patients. When comparing sleeve and bypass groups, bypass showed better results, according to the NAS score.

RESUMO Racional: Fortemente associada à obesidade, a doença hepática gordura não alcoólica é considerada a manifestação hepática da síndrome metabólica. Ela apresenta-se como esteatose simples e esteato-hepatite, podendo evoluir para cirrose e suas complicações. Entre as alternativas terapêuticas está a cirurgia bariátrica. Objetivo: Comparar o efeito sobre a doença hepática dos dois procedimentos bariátricos mais frequentes - sleeve e bypass - e comparar dados epidemiológicos, demográficos, parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Métodos: Utilizou-se o resultado das biópsias hepáticas realizadas no intra-operatório e 12 meses após a operação. O NAFLD activity score foi utilizado para avaliar e comparar os estágios da doença hepática. Resultados: Dezesseis (66,7%) pacientes foram submetidos ao bypass e oito (33,3%) ao sleeve. Observou-se melhora significativa no IMC e glicemia nas duas técnicas cirúrgicas enquanto que os níveis de fosfatase alcalina, ferritina, Gama-GT e TGP reduziram com significância apenas no grupo bypass. A redução no NAFLD activity score foi significativamente maior no grupo bypass que no sleeve (p=0,040). Conclusão: Ambas as técnicas foram eficazes em promover a melhora da histologia hepática da maior parte dos pacientes operados. Quando comparadas o bypass apresentou melhores resultados.

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The aim was to investigate the prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and risk factors for hepatic fibrosis in morbidly obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. This retrospective study recruited all patients submitted to bariatric surgery from January 2007 to December 2012 at a reference attendance center of Southern Brazil. Clinical and biochemical data were studied as a function of the histological findings of liver biopsies done during the surgery. Steatosis was present in 226 (90.4%) and NASH in 176 (70.4%) cases. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was established in four cases (1.6%) and fibrosis in 108 (43.2%). Risk factors associated with NASH at multivariate analysis were alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL. All patients with ALT ≥1.5 times the ULN had NASH. When the presence of fibrosis was analyzed, ALT > 1.5 times the ULN and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL were risk factors, furthermore, there was an increase of 1% in the prevalence of fibrosis for each year of age increase. Not only steatosis, but NASH is a frequent finding in MO patients. In the present study, ALT ≥ 1.5 times the ULN identifies all patients with NASH, this finding needs to be further validated in other studies. Moreover, the presence of fibrosis was associated with ALT, triglycerides and age, identifying a subset of patients with more severe disease.

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OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), compared with nonsurgical treatment (NS group), as an instrument for inducing remission of co-morbidities related to Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in patients with Obesity, grades 2 and 3 (Ob2,3). METHODS: two hundred and fifty eight Ob2,3 patients were selected in a retrospective analysis and included in a case control study. MetS was defined as described by the International Diabetes Federation. One hundred and twenty-nine of these patients underwent RYGB (S group), and 129 were assessed as an NS group. RESULTS: at baseline, S and NS groups did not differ in BMI, age, female sex and prevalence of MetS (p>0.05). For the S group the outcomes were a reduction in BMI of 38.1% (p<0.001), waist circumference of 28.6% (p<0.001), fasting plasma glucose of 10.5% (p<0.001), serum LDL-cholesterol of 21.9% (p<0.001) and of 85% in the number of patients with MetS (p<0.001). For the NS group, only a decrease of 4.12%(p=0.047) in triglyceride levels and of 5.9%(p=0.031) in Diastolic Blood Pressure was observed. In the NS group, 98.6% of the patients continued to have MetS. The number needed to treat (NNT) with surgery to resolve one case of MetS was 1.2 (CI 95%: 1.1 - 1.4). CONCLUSION: in the real world, in the South of Brazil, compared with NS treatment and after 1 year of observation, RYGB is highly effective for decreasing the prevalence of MetS.

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Summary Objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), compared with nonsurgical treatment (NS group), as an instrument for inducing remission of co-morbidities related to Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in patients with Obesity, grades 2 and 3 (Ob2,3). Methods: two hundred and fifty eight Ob2,3 patients were selected in a retrospective analysis and included in a case control study. MetS was defined as described by the International Diabetes Federation. One hundred and twenty-nine of these patients underwent RYGB (S group), and 129 were assessed as an NS group. Results: at baseline, S and NS groups did not differ in BMI, age, female sex and prevalence of MetS (p>0.05). For the S group the outcomes were a reduction in BMI of 38.1% (p<0.001), waist circumference of 28.6% (p<0.001), fasting plasma glucose of 10.5% (p<0.001), serum LDL-cholesterol of 21.9% (p<0.001) and of 85% in the number of patients with MetS (p<0.001). For the NS group, only a decrease of 4.12%(p=0.047) in triglyceride levels and of 5.9%(p=0.031) in Diastolic Blood Pressure was observed. In the NS group, 98.6% of the patients continued to have MetS. The number needed to treat (NNT) with surgery to resolve one case of MetS was 1.2 (CI 95%: 1.1 - 1.4). Conclusion: in the real world, in the South of Brazil, compared with NS treatment and after 1 year of observation, RYGB is highly effective for decreasing the prevalence of MetS. .

Resumo Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (BGYR), em comparação a um tratamento não cirúrgico (grupo NC), como instrumento para induzir remissão da síndrome metabólica (SMet) em pacientes com obesidade graus 2 e 3 (Ob2, 3). Métodos: duzentos e cinquenta e oito pacientes com Ob2,3 foram selecionados para análise retrospectiva em estudos de caso e controle. SMet foi definida como descrita pela Federação Internacional de Diabetes. Dos pacientes, 129 foram submetidos ao BGYR (grupo C), e 129 formaram o grupo NC. Resultados: antes dos tratamentos, os grupos C e NC não diferiram em IMC, idade, sexo feminino e prevalência de SMet (p>0,05). No grupo C, houve uma redução no IMC de 38,1% (p<0,001), circunferência da cintura de 28,6% (p<0,001), glicemia de jejum de 10,5% (p<0,001), LDL colesterol sérico de 21,9% (p<0,001) e em 85% dos casos de SMet (p<0,001). As diferenças observadas no grupo NC foram uma diminuição nos níveis de triglicérides, de 4,12% (p=0,047), e na pressão arterial diastólica, de 5,9% (p=0,031). No grupo NC, 98,6% dos pacientes persistiram com SMet. O número necessário para tratar (NNT) com a cirurgia, para resolver um caso de SMet, foi de 1,2 (IC 95%: 1,1 - 1,4). Conclusão: em um mundo real, no Sul do Brasil, em comparação ao tratamento NS e após 1 ano de observação, BGYR foi altamente eficaz para diminuir a prevalência de SMet. .

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Context Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of histopathological changes that range from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Works suggest that iron (Fe) deposits in the liver are involved in the physiopathology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with morbid obesity, subjected to bariatric surgery and to establish a correlation of the anatomopathological findings with the presence of liver fibrosis. Methods A total of 250 liver biopsies were conducted in the transoperation of the surgeries. Results Steatosis was present in 226 (90.4%) of the samples, 76 (30.4%) being classified as mild; 71 (28.4%) as moderate and 79 (31.6%) as intense. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was diagnosed in 176 (70.4%) cases, where 120 (48.4%) were mild; 50 (20%) were moderate, and 6 (2.4%) cases were intense. Fibrosis was referred to in 108 (43.2%) biopsies, 95 of which (38%) were mild; 2 (0.8%) were moderate; 7 (2.8%) were intense, and cirrhosis was diagnosed in 4 (1.6%) cases. There was a correlation between the degree of steatosis and the level of inflammatory activity (rs = 0.460; P<0.001) and between the degree of this activity and the degree of fibrosis (rs = 0.583; P<0.001). Only 13 (5.2%) samples showed Fe deposits. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in these patients and a positive correlation of the degrees of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with the intensity of fibrosis. The low prevalence of Fe deposits found makes it questionable that the presence of this ion has any participation in the physiopathogeny of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. .

Contexto A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica engloba um espectro de alterações histopatológicas que abrangem desde a esteatose simples até a esteato-hepatite não alcoólica. Trabalhos sugerem que depósitos de ferro (Fe) no fígado estão envolvidos na fisiopatologia da esteato-hepatite não alcoólica. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de esteatose simples e de esteato-hepatite não alcoólica nos pacientes com obesidade mórbida, submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e estabelecer uma correlação dos achados anatomopatológicos com a presença de fibrose hepática. Método Foram analisadas 250 biópsias hepáticas realizadas no transoperatório das cirurgias. Resultados A esteatose esteve presente em 226 (90,4%) das amostras, sendo 76 (30,4%) classificadas como leves; 71 (28,4%), como moderadas e, 79 (31,6%) como intensas. A esteato-hepatite não alcoólica esteato-hepatite não alcoólica foi diagnosticada em 176 (70,4%) dos casos, nos quais 120 (48,4%) eram de grau leve; 50 (20%) moderado e, 6 (2,4%) intenso. A fibrose foi referida em 108 (43,2%) biópsias, das quais 95 (38%) eram leves; 2 (0,8%), moderadas; 7 (2,8%) intensas e, em 4 (1,6%) casos, foi diagnosticado cirrose. Observou-se uma correlação entre o grau de esteatose e o nível de atividade inflamatória (rs = 0,460; P<0,001) e entre o grau dessa atividade com o de fibrose (rs = 0,583; P<0,001). Apenas 13 (5,2%) amostras apresentaram depósitos de Fe. Conclusão Existe uma prevalência elevada de esteato-hepatite não alcoólica nesses pacientes e uma correlação positiva dos graus de esteato-hepatite não alcoólica com a intensidade da fibrose. A baixa prevalência de depósitos de Fe encontrada torna questionável que a presença deste ...

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CONTEXT: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of histopathological changes that range from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Works suggest that iron (Fe) deposits in the liver are involved in the physiopathology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with morbid obesity, subjected to bariatric surgery and to establish a correlation of the anatomopathological findings with the presence of liver fibrosis. METHODS: A total of 250 liver biopsies were conducted in the transoperation of the surgeries. RESULTS: Steatosis was present in 226 (90.4%) of the samples, 76 (30.4%) being classified as mild; 71 (28.4%) as moderate and 79 (31.6%) as intense. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was diagnosed in 176 (70.4%) cases, where 120 (48.4%) were mild; 50 (20%) were moderate, and 6 (2.4%) cases were intense. Fibrosis was referred to in 108 (43.2%) biopsies, 95 of which (38%) were mild; 2 (0.8%) were moderate; 7 (2.8%) were intense, and cirrhosis was diagnosed in 4 (1.6%) cases. There was a correlation between the degree of steatosis and the level of inflammatory activity (rs = 0.460; P<0.001) and between the degree of this activity and the degree of fibrosis (rs = 0.583; P<0.001). Only 13 (5.2%) samples showed Fe deposits. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in these patients and a positive correlation of the degrees of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with the intensity of fibrosis. The low prevalence of Fe deposits found makes it questionable that the presence of this ion has any participation in the physiopathogeny of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Esophageal tuberculosis is an extremely rare event, accounting for 0.2 percent of these cases affecting the esophagus. Most of them are secondary to pulmonary disease. The authors present a case of primary esophageal tuberculosis in a 40 years old HIV-positive female.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Desde a primeira descrição em 1731 por DeGarangoet até 1994 poucos casos de hérnia lombar incisional (HLI) foram relatados, restringindo-se a aproximadamente 300 casos. No entanto, esse número deve ser muito maior do que o encontrado na literatura pesquisada1,2. Não há maiores relatos com experiência significativa nesta afecção e, da mesma forma, não há descrição de uma técnica cirúrgica padrão para sua correção. OBJETIVO: Transmitir a experiência dos autores, alcançada no tratamento cirúrgico dos pacientes com HLI, confrontando-a com os dados vigentes na literatura. MÉTODO: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 20 casos de hérnia lombar submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral da ISCMPA/FFFCMPA nos últimos 10 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 20 pacientes, a idade média foi de 49 anos (28 - 68 anos). A maioria (19 casos) correspondeu a hérnias incisionais lombares. O seguimento médio foi de 60 meses (5-72 meses), porém sete casos não compareceram às revisões ambulatoriais de rotina. Não houve recidiva nos casos acompanhados em um seguimento que variou de seis meses a 8,5 anos. Em um caso persistiu o abaulamento, dois apresentaram seroma, e um apresentou infecção de ferida operatória. CONCLUSÕES: Os autores recomendam a intervenção convencional, com reparo primário nos casos com diâmetro inferior a 5 cm e a utilização de tela nos casos em que há tensão na linha de sutura.

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Tuberculosis is an extremely common chronic disease in developing countries, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The principal target organ is the lung, causing focal necrosis and destruction. In about 12 percent of cases, extrapulmonary dissemination involving the gastrointestinal system occurs. The pancreas is involved in about 0,25 percent of all cases of disseminated tuberculosis, but its isolated involvement is a medical curiosity. In the last years, with the advent of AIDS, extrapulmonary dissemination and atypical abdominal presentation has increased. We report a case of pancreatic tuberculosis in a 66-year-old patient, with no previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis or immunocompromised state in whom the diagnosis was made by CT-guided skin needle biopsy. After clinical treatment with current antibiotic therapy, the patient recovered well.

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Objetivo: Descrever a experiência dos autores na correção de grandes hérnias ostomais, apresentando os resultados obtidos através da utilização de técnica preconizada pelo serviço. Método: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, seis casos de grandes hérnias ostomais (>10cm), no período de 1982 a 1999, sendo dois pacientes do sexo masculino e quatro do feminino, com média etária de 60 anos. Foram observadas duas hérnias paraostomais e quatro hérnias periostomais. Resultados: Três pacientes foram submetidos à técnica preconizada pelos autores, com uso de tela de polipropileno e permanência do estoma, outros três pacientes foram submetidos à correção das hérnias com mudança do local da ostomia. Não houve recorrência na amostra estudada após acompanhamento que variou de um a cinco anos. Conclusões: A técnica proposta possibilita a manutenção da ostomia em seu sítio primário, reforça a parede, previne a recidiva herniária e o prolapso da ostomia

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Os autores fazem uma revisão dos conceitos atuais sobre o tratamento cirúrgico dos pacientes HIV positivos, chamando a atenção para os cuidados que a equipe cirúrgica deve observar para sua própria proteção no trato com esses pacientes. Ressaltam as medidas a serem tomadas quando houver contaminação de um profissional

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A hérnia no paciente maior de 65 anos, ainda hoje, admite questionamentos quanto à sua etiologia, evolução e manejo. As condições clínicas do paciente e a debilidade dos tecidos da parede abdominal multiplicam as dificuldades inerentes à herniorrafia. O manejo cirúrgico apropriado é o reparo eletivo precoce, que apresenta índices limitados de complicações, sendo de maneira geral uma operação segura. Em casos de emergência, tentativas de desencarceramento estão contra-indicadas, já que em idosos a sintomatologia de sepse intra-abdominal inicial é frustrada. O tratamento cirúrgico deve ser preconizado, pois nas operações de emergência a morbi/mortalidade da herniorrafia está significativamente elevada. A presente revisão pretende analisar os fatores envolvidos no sucesso da herniorrafia no idoso, destacando os aspectos atuais do pré, trans e pós-operatório

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A herniorrafia pré-peritoneal para hérnias da regiäo inguinal é uma das técnicas mais seguras e eficazes para a correçäo do defeito herniário. No período de janeiro de 1992 a janeiro de 1994, cinquenta pacientes foram submetidos à herniorrafia por via pré-peritoneal. O seguimento médio foi de 26,4 meses(12-36). Em 22 pacientes, a hénia era recidivada. Em apenas oito casos utilizou-se prótese. Foram observadas apenas duas complicaçöes pós-operatórias (4 por cento), um edema escrotal e um granuloma de ferida operatória. Näo houve até o momento nenhum caso de recidiva, hérnia incisional ou nevralgia. Os autores apresentam os primeiros resultados com a técnica utilizada, indicaçöes e vantagens

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O schwannoma ou neurilenoma é um tumor raro que se desenvolve nas células de Schwann, na bainha dos nervos periféricos, tem crescimento lento, e pouca ou nenhuma sintomatologia, passando despercebido por um longo período. A finalidade deste trabalho é relatar dois casos de schwannoma maligno do retroperitônio, observados e tratados em nosso Serviço, bem como uma breve revisäo da literatura à respeito desta patologia

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As neoplasias benignas de vesícula biliar säo patologias infrequentes. Os autores apresentam um caso de adenomioma de vesícula, cujos sintomas eram de dores no hipocôndrio direito, de repetiçäo, relacionadas com a alimentaçäo, simulando colelitíase. Este estudo analisa as características desta patologia, os meios diagnósticos e os mecanismos pelo qual o mesmo obstrue o ducto cístico

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A gestacao simultanea intra e extra-uterina e uma situacao rara. O diagnostico deve ser suspeitado principalmente nas pacientes que se submeterem a fertilizacao in vitro ou que usaram drogas indutoras da ovulacao, sendo raro em outras ocasioes. Os autores apresentam um caso de gestacao extra-uterina de 29 semanas rota, tratada por cirurgia e evolucao da gestacao intra-uterina ate 34 semanas, quando, devido a trabalho de parto prematuro, oligodramnia e sofrimento fetal, realizou-se cesariana

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A case of fibrolamellar carcinoma in noncirrhotic liver of a 32 year-old woman is described. The clinical and pathologic features are analized. The better survival of this rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma when surgically resected is discussed

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