RESUMEN
Amphetamine derivatives have been shown to be a potential brain neurotoxin based on the production of free radicals that occurs after administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the blood of amphetamine users. The plasma lipid peroxidation was determined and reported as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and was significantly increased (+21%), whereas the activities of the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased (-32%, -14% and -31%, respectively) in amphetamine users. These results implicated the potential role of oxidative stress in amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Relacionados con Anfetaminas/fisiopatología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido 3,4-Dihidroxifenilacético/sangre , Adulto , Catalasa/sangre , Enfermedad Crónica , Dopamina/sangre , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Valores de Referencia , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a medicinal mushroom that possesses various pharmacological properties which are also documented in the ancient reports where GL is praised for its effects on the promotion of health and longevity. In this study, we have investigated the effect of GL mycelia extracts on the non-amyloidogenic protein secretion (sAPPalpha) and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In order to characterize the signaling pathway which mediates GL-enhanced sAPPalpha secretion, we used inhibitors of nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathways, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1), protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), to block GL-mediated sAPPalpha secretion as well as ERK1/2 and PKC activation by using Western blot analysis. Our results provided for the first time evidence that GL mycelia extracts increased APP expression and promoted sAPPalpha secretion. In addition, GL extracts activated ERK1/2 and PKC phosphorylation. The complex signaling cascades of PI3K and ERK may be responsible for GL-mediated sAPPalpha secretion.