RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects eight to ten out of every 1,000 births, resulting in approximately 23,057 new cases in Brazil in 2022. About one in four children with CHD requires surgery or other procedures in the first year of life, and it is expected that approximately 81% of these children with CHD will survive until at least 35 years of age. Professionals choosing to specialize in CHD surgery face numerous challenges, not only related to mastering surgical techniques and the complexity of the diseases but also to the lack of recognition by medical societies as a separate subspecialty. Furthermore, families face difficulties when access to services capable of providing treatment for these children. To address these challenges, it is essential to have specialized hospitals, qualified professionals, updated technologies, sustainable industry, appropriate financing, quality assessment systems, and knowledge generation. The path to excellence involves specialization across all involved parties. As we reflect on the importance of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery and Congenital Heart Diseases establishing themselves as a subspecialty of Cardiovascular Surgery, it is essential to look beyond our borders to countries like the United States of America and United Kingdom, where this evolution is already a reality. This autonomy has led to significant advancements in research, education, and patient care outcomes, establishing a care model. By following this path in Brazil, we not only align our practice with the highest international standards but also demonstrate our maturity and the ability to meet the specific needs of patients with CHD and those with acquired childhood heart disease.

RESUMEN

Objective: To report a case of prenatal diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR) and neonatal surgical treatment as well as undertaking a systematic review of the literature to determine most frequent localization of CR, common signs and symptoms, associated pathologies, incidence of surgery, and prognoses for CR.Methods: We conducted systematic review of the literature on CR that were diagnosed and treated in the perinatal period, searching for English language articles in the PubMed/Medline database that were published within the past 20 years, using the following search terms: "cardiac rhabdomyoma"; "neonates"; "newborn"; "surgery".Results: Eighty-two studies were selected, but only 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. After birth, the majority of newborns were asymptomatic; however, murmurs and arrhythmia were also the two most prevalent signs of CR. The most prevalent location was the ventricles, corresponding to 40.3% of all cases, with 53% of these having a rhabdomyoma in the left ventricle. The incidence of multiple tumors was 56%, and in those cases the location of tumors was also most common in the ventricles. Tuberous sclerosis was the most commonly associated pathology, being present in 72% of cases of CR. Surgical treatment occurred in 27% of cases, and 3% of cases required surgery and prostaglandin. Regarding the perinatal outcome, 6% of cases resulted in fetal or neonatal death.Conclusion: CR are benign tumors which tend to spontaneously regress during early childhood but may have unfavorable outcomes in the presence of obstructive lesions and arrhythmias. Surgery is generally necessary in symptomatic patients.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias Cardíacas , Rabdomioma , Esclerosis Tuberosa , Arritmias Cardíacas , Preescolar , Femenino , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cardíacas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirugía , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Rabdomioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Rabdomioma/epidemiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of an early treatment of cardiac intraperitoneal teratoma (IPT) in a newborn and its associated systematic literature review. METHODS: We presented a case of a newborn with IPT but without hydrops and having a good perinatal outcome after cardiac surgery. Using the PubMed database, we conducted a systematic literature review of articles regarding cases with cardiac IPT diagnosed and treated in the neonatal period and published in English from 2004 onward. We excluded cases that involved fetal death or interrupted gestation events. RESULTS: In total, 38 cases of IPT from 31 articles were included. The mean ± standard deviation of the gestational age at diagnosis and delivery were 27.9 ± 5.7 and 33.0 ± 3.5 weeks, respectively, and that of birth weight was 2373 ± 834.5 g. The majority of fetuses (42.1%) were males. Pericardial effusion was the most common symptom (60.5%) followed by hydrops (42.1%) and respiratory distress (42.1%). Intrauterine procedure was not performed in 63.1% of cases, and 71.0% of newborns were alive. CONCLUSIONS: IPT in newborns is usually associated with a good prognosis without the need for intrauterine procedures. Cases with IPT-related death are associated with hemodynamic impairment in fetuses with hydrops.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirugía , Teratoma/cirugía , Adulto , Cesárea , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/cirugía , Masculino , Embarazo , Teratoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Teratoma/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía Prenatal

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Acute kidney injury is a common occurrence after pediatric cardiac surgery and is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Syndecan-1 is a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx damage, and its early increment after surgery can be associated with acute kidney injury. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study with 289 patients aged less than 18 years who underwent cardiac surgery at 1 reference institution. Postoperative plasma syndecan-1 was collected within the first 2 hours after cardiac surgery. Severe acute kidney injury, defined according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage 2 or 3, doubling of serum creatinine from the preoperative value, or need for dialysis during hospitalization, was the main outcome. Analyses were adjusted for clinical variables and "renal angina index" components (early decrease in estimated creatinine clearance from baseline and increase in percent of intensive care unit fluid overload on the first postoperative day). RESULTS: Plasma syndecan-1 levels measured early in the postoperative period were independently associated with severe acute kidney injury. The accuracy of postoperative syndecan-1 for the diagnosis of severe acute kidney injury was moderate (area under the curve receiver operating characteristic, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.85). The addition of syndecan-1 improved the discrimination capacity of a clinical model from 0.80 to 0.86 (P = .004) and improved risk prediction, as measured by net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. Postoperative sundecan-1 levels also were independently associated with longer length of intensive care unit and hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative plasma syndecan-1 is associated with subsequent severe acute kidney injury and poor outcomes among children undergoing cardiac surgery. It may be useful to identify patients who are at increased risk for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

Asunto(s)

Lesión Renal Aguda/sangre , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/sangre , Medición de Riesgo , Sindecano-1/sangre , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendencias

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT The perspective of the integrated health system has a network of care with multiple integration dimensions among subsystems as nuclear representation, relating the clinical aspects and governance to the representations and collective values. The normative integration aims to ensure coherence between the system of representations and values of society simultaneously with the interfaces of clinical and functional integration. It builds a bridge with governance, which allows, through their skills, management of all system components, encouraging cooperation, communication and information, in order to ensure the population under their responsibility to access excellence services, exceeding their expectations. The integration of care consists of a durable coordination of clinical practices for those who suffer from health problems in order to ensure continuity and full range of the required professional services and organizations, coordinated in time and space, in accordance with the available knowledge. It is possible to establish the type of health equipment for each level of care for patients with congenital heart diseases. This strategy intends to offer timely care in appropriate moments and places, efficiently, operating cooperatively an interdependently, with ongoing exchange of its resources. Thus, situational integration establishes the system connection with the assessment environment that proposes to carry out value judgment, guided by an objective worldview, about an intervention or any of its components, in order to objectify the decision making.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Cardiopatías Congénitas , Brasil , Atención Integral de Salud/organización & administración , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/normas , Política de Salud

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Introduction: Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1 (RACHS-1) score is a simple model that can be easily applied and has been widely used for mortality comparison among pediatric cardiovascular services. It is based on the categorization of several surgical palliative or corrective procedures, which have similar mortality in the treatment of congenital heart disease. Objective: To analyze the in-hospital mortality in pediatric patients (<18 years) submitted to cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease based on RACHS-1 score, during a 12-year period. Methods: A retrospective date analysis was performed from January 2003 to December 2014. The survey was divided in two periods of six years long each, to check for any improvement in the results. We evaluated the numbers of procedures performed, complexity of surgery and hospital mortality. Results: Three thousand and two hundred and one surgeries were performed. Of these, 3071 were able to be classified according to the score RACHS-1. Among the patients, 51.7% were male and 47.5% were younger than one year of age. The most common RACHS-1 category was 3 (35.5%). The mortality was 1.8%, 5.5%, 14.9%, 32.5% and 68.6% for category 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, respectively. There was a significant increase in the number of surgeries (48%) and a significant reduction in the mortality in the last period analysed (13.3% in period I and 10.4% in period II; P=0.014). Conclusion: RACHS-1 score was a useful score for mortality risk in our service, although we are aware that other factors have an impact on the total mortality.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Ajuste de Riesgo/métodos , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Cardiopatías Congénitas/mortalidad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidad , Brasil , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Congenital heart disease is an abnormality in the structure or cardiocirculatory function, occurring from birth, even if diagnosed later. It can result in intrauterine death in childhood or in adulthood. Accounted for 6% of infant deaths in Brazil in 2007. OBJECTIVE: To estimate underreporting in the prevalence of congenital heart disease in Brazil and its subtypes. METHODS: The calculations of prevalence were performed by applying coefficients, giving them function rates for calculations of health problems. The study makes an approach between the literature and the governmental registries. It was adopted an estimate of 9: 1000 births and prevalence rates for subtypes applied to births of 2010. Estimates of births with congenital heart disease were compared with the reports to the Ministry of Health and were studied by descriptive methods with the use of rates and coefficients represented in tables. RESULTS: The incidence in Brazil is 25,757 new cases/year, distributed in: North 2,758; Northeast 7,570; Southeast 10,112; South 3,329; and Midwest 1,987. In 2010, were reported to System of Live Birth Information of Ministry of Health 1,377 cases of babies with congenital heart disease, representing 5.3% of the estimated for Brazil. In the same period, the most common subtypes were: ventricular septal defect (7,498); atrial septal defect (4,693); persistent ductus arteriosus (2,490); pulmonary stenosis (1,431); tetralogy of Fallot (973); coarctation of the aorta (973); transposition of the great arteries (887); and aortic stenosis 630. The prevalence of congenital heart disease, for the year of 2009, was 675,495 children and adolescents and 552,092 adults. CONCLUSION: In Brazil, there is underreporting in the prevalence of congenital heart disease, signaling the need for adjustments in the methodology of registration.

Asunto(s)

Cardiopatías Congénitas/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Notificación de Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Prevalencia , Sistema de Registros , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Abstract Introduction: Congenital heart disease is an abnormality in the structure or cardiocirculatory function, occurring from birth, even if diagnosed later. It can result in intrauterine death in childhood or in adulthood. Accounted for 6% of infant deaths in Brazil in 2007. Objective: To estimate underreporting in the prevalence of congenital heart disease in Brazil and its subtypes. Methods: The calculations of prevalence were performed by applying coefficients, giving them function rates for calculations of health problems. The study makes an approach between the literature and the governmental registries. It was adopted an estimate of 9: 1000 births and prevalence rates for subtypes applied to births of 2010. Estimates of births with congenital heart disease were compared with the reports to the Ministry of Health and were studied by descriptive methods with the use of rates and coefficients represented in tables. Results: The incidence in Brazil is 25,757 new cases/year, distributed in: North 2,758; Northeast 7,570; Southeast 10,112; South 3,329; and Midwest 1,987. In 2010, were reported to System of Live Birth Information of Ministry of Health 1,377 cases of babies with congenital heart disease, representing 5.3% of the estimated for Brazil. In the same period, the most common subtypes were: ventricular septal defect (7,498); atrial septal defect (4,693); persistent ductus arteriosus (2,490); pulmonary stenosis (1,431); tetralogy of Fallot (973); coarctation of the aorta (973); transposition of the great arteries (887); and aortic stenosis 630. The prevalence of congenital heart disease, for the year of 2009, was 675,495 children and adolescents and 552,092 adults. Conclusion: In Brazil, there is underreporting in the prevalence of congenital heart disease, signaling the need for adjustments in the methodology of registration. .

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Resumo Introdução: Cardiopatia congênita é uma anormalidade na estrutura ou função cardiocirculatória, ocorrente desde o nascimento, mesmo que diagnosticada posteriormente. Pode resultar em morte intraútero, na infância ou na idade adulta. Foi responsável por 6% dos óbitos infantis, no Brasil, em 2007. Objetivo: Estimar a subnotificação na prevalência das cardiopatias congênitas no Brasil e seus subtipos. Métodos: Os cálculos das prevalências foram realizados aplicando-se coeficientes, atribuindo-lhes função de taxas para cálculos dos agravos. O estudo faz aproximação entre a literatura e os registros governamentais. Adotou-se estimativa de 9:1000 nascimentos e taxas de prevalências para subtipos, aplicadas aos nascimentos de 2010. As estimativas de nascimentos com cardiopatia congênita foram comparadas com as notificações ao Ministério da Saúde. Foram estudados por métodos descritivos com uso de taxas e coeficientes, representados em tabelas. Resultados: A incidência, no Brasil, é de 25.757 novos casos/ano, distribuídos em: Norte 2.758; Nordeste 7.570; Sudeste 10.112; Sul 3.329; e Centro-Oeste 1.987. Em 2010, foram notificados ao SINASC/MS 1.377 casos de nascidos com cardiopatias congênitas, o que representa 5,3% do estimado para Brasil. No mesmo período, os subtipos mais frequentes foram: comunicação interventricular (7.498); comunicação interatrial (4.693); persistência do canal arterial (2.490); estenose pulmonar (1.431); tetralogia de Fallot (973); coarctação da aorta (973); transposição das grandes artérias (887); e estenose aórtica 630. A prevalência de cardiopatias congênitas, para o ano de 2009, foi 675.495 crianças e adolescentes e 552.092 adultos. Conclusão: Há, no Brasil, subnotificação na prevalência das cardiopatias congênitas, sinalizando para a necessidade de adequações na metodologia de seu registro. .

Asunto(s)

Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Cardiopatías Congénitas/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Notificación de Enfermedades , Prevalencia , Sistema de Registros

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Cardiopatías Congénitas/terapia , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/tendencias , Brasil , Programas Nacionales de Salud/tendencias , Sociedades Médicas

Asunto(s)

Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Instituciones Cardiológicas/provisión & distribución , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/estadística & datos numéricos , Regionalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Distribución por Edad , Brasil , Hospitales/estadística & datos numéricos , Valores de Referencia , Regionalización/normas

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Atención a la Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Programas Nacionales de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Brasil , Sociedades Médicas

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Atención a la Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Programas Nacionales de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Brasil , Humanos , Sociedades Médicas

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: A bandagem da artéria pulmonar (BAP) é um procedimento tecnicamente simples, mas envolto em várias peculiaridades que o fazem apresentar elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a experiência de um hospital de referência na bandagem da artéria pulmonar, avaliando e correlacionando diversas variáveis relacionadas ao procedimento. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2008, 61 pacientes submetidos a BAP por cardiopatia congênita de hiperfluxo no Hospital do Coração de Messejana-Fortaleza/CE foram avaliados quanto a mortalidade, complicações, permanência em ventilação mecânica (VM) e terapia intensiva (UTI), uso de drogas vasoativas, dificuldade de ajustes transoperatórios e reoperações para reajuste. Análise estatística foi realizada para comparações entre subgrupos. RESULTADOS: Em 46,8 por cento dos pacientes, não se conseguiu o ajuste pressórico pretendido e 6,5 por cento precisaram ser reoperados para reajustes. O tempo médio UTI e VM foi 14,16 ± 10,92 dias e 14,1 ± 49,6 dias, respectivamente. Em 82,6 por cento dos pacientes foram administradas drogas vasoativas por 10,30 ± 12,79 dias. Complicações graves incidiram em 49,15 por cento dos pacientes, com predominância da insuficiência cardíaca (44 por cento). A taxa de mortalidade foi de 8,2 por cento, não influenciada por peso, procedimentos associados ou cardiopatia univentricular ou biventricular. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, a BAP foi realizada com taxas de mortalidade aceitáveis, compatíveis com a literatura mundial. No entanto, os ajustes transoperatórios são de difícil análise, tornando o procedimento complexo e justificando elevados índices de complicações, resultando em longa permanência em UTI. Nenhuma variável isolada representou significante fator de risco, dentre as quais, fisiologia uni ou biventricular

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OBJECTIVE: Although pulmonary artery banding (PAB) seems to be a technically simple procedure it presents several peculiarities and is related to a significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to analyze the experience of a tertiary hospital on the PAB by assessing and correlating many aspects related to the procedure. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2008, 61 patients undergone PAB due to congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow at Messejana Heart Hospital were assessed as for mortality, complications, stay in mechanical ventilation and need for intensive care unit (ICU), use of vasoactive drugs, difficulties in the adjustment on the banding and reoperations. Some statistical analyzes were performed to compare the subgroups. RESULTS: In 46.8 percent of the patients the intended pressoric adjustment was not achieved and in 6.5 percent it was necessary another surgery to readjust the banding. The mean time of mechanical ventilation was 14.1±49.6 days and ICU 14.16±10.92 days. In 82.6 percent of the patients vasoactives drugs were administrated for 10.3±12.79 days. Severe complications were noted in 49.15 percent of patients and cardiac insufficiency was the most common one with an incidence of 44 percent. The mortality rate was 8.2 percent and it was not influenced by weight or associated procedures with the PAB neither if univentricular or biventricular heart disease. CONCLUSION: The PAB can be performed with acceptable mortality rates compatible with the ones of the world literature. Nevertheless, the adjustment of the banding is difficult to be assessed during the surgery by making the procedure complex and justifying the high incidence of complications and long stay in ICU. It wasn't found any specific risk factor significant to mortality neither uni- or biventricular heart disease

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/métodos , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Arteria Pulmonar/cirugía , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

The authors discuss the different moments of the National Policy of High-complexity Cardiovascular Care, focusing on the attention to Cardiovascular Pediatrics. This process begun with the attempt to meet the local needs, but, very soon, became a national matter due to the verification of a significant shortage in the attention given to patients with congenital cardiovascular diseases. In 2002 the shortage of procedures in these cases was around 65%. The participation of different agents from the civil society and the Government will be demonstrated regarding the formulation of the politics directed to the attention to cardiovascular pediatrics. Some authors are cited during the discussion to base each moment of the process. The National Policy of High-complexity Cardiovascular Care was regulated on June 15th, 2004, through the Ministerial Directive N degrees 1169/GM as well as the Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, on the same date, through the Ministerial Directive N masculine 210 SAS/MS. The importance of the civil society participation in the elaboration of the public social politics is emphasized. The intervention of agents who experience the day-to-day difficulties is of the utmost importance to the better knowledge of questions involving the social area.

Asunto(s)

Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Pediatría , Atención Primaria de Salud , Política Pública , Brasil , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/cirugía , Niño , Defensa del Niño , Participación de la Comunidad , Humanos

RESUMEN

Este artigo discute os vários momentos da formulação da Política Nacional de Atenção Cardiovascular de Alta Complexidade, tendo como foco a atenção cardiovascular pediátrica. Processo iniciado pela necessidade de atender demandas locais, passa a ter dimensões nacionais pela constatação do déficit de atendimento aos portadores de cardiopatias congênitas (CC). Em 2002, a deficiência de procedimentos no Brasil era de 65 por cento. Demonstrar-se-á a participação de vários agentes, da sociedade civil e do Poder Público, na formulação da política, fazendo-se uso de alguns autores na discussão para fundamentar cada momento do processo. Em 15 de junho de 2004, por meio da Portaria Nº 1169/GM, que instituía a Política Nacional de Atenção Cardiovascular de Alta Complexidade e, com a Portaria Nº 210 SAS/MS, na mesma data, a cirurgia cardiovascular pediátrica estava regulamentada. Destaca-se a importância da participação da sociedade civil na elaboração de políticas públicas sociais, sendo imperativa, para o aprofundamento das questões na área social, a intervenção de agentes que vivenciam as dificuldades.

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The authors discuss the different moments of the National Policy of High-complexity Cardiovascular Care, focusing on the attention to Cardiovascular Pediatrics. This process begun with the attempt to meet the local needs, but, very soon, became a national matter due to the verification of a significant shortage in the attention given to patients with congenital cardiovascular diseases. In 2002 the shortage of procedures in these cases was around 65 percent. The participation of different agents from the civil society and the Government will be demonstrated regarding the formulation of the politics directed to the attention to cardiovascular pediatrics. Some authors are cited during the discussion to base each moment of the process. The National Policy of High-complexity Cardiovascular Care was regulated on June 15th, 2004, through the Ministerial Directive Nº1169/GM as well as the Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, on the same date, through the Ministerial Directive Nº 210 SAS/MS. The importance of the civil society participation in the elaboration of the public social politics is emphasized. The intervention of agents who experience the day-to-day difficulties is of the utmost importance to the better knowledge of questions involving the social area

Asunto(s)

Niño , Humanos , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Pediatría , Atención Primaria de Salud , Política Pública , Brasil , Defensa del Niño , Participación de la Comunidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/cirugía

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/cirugía

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Sistema Único de Salud , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Cirugía Torácica/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil , Política de Salud , Cardiopatías Congénitas/epidemiología

RESUMEN

INTRODUÇAO: As técnicas empregadas em cirurgia cardíaca visando a extubaçäo imediata (EI) dependem de analgesia adequada e titulaçäo de drogas anestésicas. OBJETIVO: A finalidade deste estudo é analisar a EI, utilizando eletroencefalograma (índice bispectral - BIS) para adequar o melhor momento de extubaçäo. MÉTODO: Foram analisados 12 pacientes, ASA III, 7 crianças (Grupo I) 58,4 por cento, com idades entre 0 e 7 anos, submetidas a correçäo cirúrgica de cardiopatias congênitas e 5 adultos (Grupo II), com idades entre 30 e 75 anos, submetidos a revascularizaçäo do miocárdio. No Grupo I realizou-se raquianestesia entre L5 e S1 com injeçäo de marcaína pesada (0,5 mg/kg) e morfina (5æg/kg). No Grupo II realizou-se bloqueio epidural entre T3 e T4, com introduçäo de cateter e injeçäo de 60mg de ropivacaína e 2mg de morfina. Na induçäo da anestesia, empregamos: Fentanil 4 mg/kg, propofol até BIS igual a 30 e relaxante muscular. A anestesia geral foi mantida com sevoflurano para BIS entre 40 e 60. Foi programada extubaçäo quando o BIS atingisse 90. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes foram extubados até 1 hora após o término da operaçäo, sendo 91,6 por cento na sala de operações, com funçäo cognitiva preservada, sem história de memória explícita, dor (adultos e crianças maiores) ou expressäo facial de dor (crianças menores). Cinqüenta e sete por cento (4) dos pacientes do Grupo I e 20 por cento (1) Grupo II apresentaram prurido e 28 por cento (2) Grupo I apresentaram vômitos. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica empregada mostrou-se segura e eficaz, desde que observados critérios rígidos para sua execuçäo.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anestésicos/administración & dosificación , Hipertensión , Morfina , Taquicardia , Anestesia , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardiovasculares , Electroencefalografía

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho relata a experiência no manuseio da crise hipertensiva pulmonar (CHP) refratária, com o uso do óxido nítrico inalatório (NOi) no pós-operatório imediato do transplante cardíaco (TC) ortotópico. MÉTODOS: De outubro/1997 a fevereiro/2002 foram realizados 31 TC em adultos, sendo incluídos pacientes com RVP < 6uW, ou < 2,5uW na prova farmacológica. Após o período de circulação extracorpórea (CEC) (M=101±21 minutos), todos fizeram uso de dobutamina, dopamina e milrinona; entretanto, frente à ausência de resposta adequada e CHP, administrou-se NOi em doses crescentes de 20 a 40ppm. Foram utilizados registros das pressões através de cateter no átrio esquerdo e no tronco da artéria pulmonar, gasometria arterial seriada e ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT). O tempo médio de morte encefálica (ME) do doador foi de 16±5,1horas.RESULTADOS: Cinco pacientes (1 mulher), com idade média de 42 anos, fizeram uso de NOi por apresentarem critérios de CHP, todos com sinais de baixo débito cardíaco. O tempo médio de CEC foi de 150,8±34,3 minutos, a média sistólica arterial pulmonar foi de 87mmHg (75-115) e a PO2 média de 60mmHg (FiO2 100 por cento), sendo evidenciada dilatação moderada a severa do ventrículo direito no ETT. Foi administrado NOi durante uma média 35h (6-96), iniciando-se desmame após estabilização hemodinâmica. O tempo médio de ME do doador foi de 27,6±5,5horas, a internação hospitalar média foi de 63 dias (17-145), uma morte ocorreu por sepse no 17º PO e os demais pacientes estão em CF I (NYHA). CONCLUSÕES: O tempo de CEC superior a 120 minutos e tempo de ME do doador superior a 20 horas sugerem fatores de risco para CHP no período pós-operatório imediato do TC. O NOi é uma ferramenta útil no manuseio desta complicação, refratária ao tratamento convencional no POI de pacientes submetidos ao TC

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipertensión Pulmonar/terapia , Nitroprusiato/uso terapéutico , Óxido Nítrico/administración & dosificación , Óxido Nítrico/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Corazón/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Corazón/métodos , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral , Periodo Posoperatorio , Volumen Sistólico , Factores de Tiempo , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide , Resistencia Vascular

RESUMEN

A disfunçäo do ventrículo direito no pós-operatório do transplante cardíaco é uma complicaçäo freqüente com morbimortalidade elevada. A avaliaçäo hemodinâmica pulmonar dos candidatos precisa, às vezes, do emprego de prova farmacológica com o uso de drogas endovenosas vasodilatadoras tipo nitroprussiato de sódio (NTPNa), visando reduzir os níveis de pressäo e resistência vascular pulmonar (RVP) elevados a níveis compatíveis com os protocolos de inclusäo dos Programas de Transplante Cardíaco. Valores de RVP acima de 6 unidades Wood sem droga vasodilatadora, ou acima de 2,5 com a utilizaçäo destas, excluem os pacientes do Programa. Entre janeiro de 1997 e janeiro de 2000 foram submetidos a cateterismo direito, 40 pacientes candidatos a transplante. A maioria homens, com idade média (+ or - 12 anos). As etiologias mais encontradas foram miocardiopatia dilatada idiopática (59 por cento) e miocardiopatia isquêmica (25 por cento). Todos em CF IV da NYHA, com fraçäo de ejeçäo média do ventrículo esquerdo de 0,21 (+ ou - 0,03). A monitorizaçäo do débito cardíaco (DC), pressäo da artéria pulmonar (PAP) e RVP foi feita pelo método contínuo, utilizando para isto cateter de artéria pulmonar especial. Em 5 pacientes a prova farmacológica foi interrompida devido aos efeitos sistêmicos do NTPNa com queda da PAM, RVP e DC. Todos foram submetidos a inalaçäo de óxido nítrico (NO) por máscara, a uma dose de 20 ppm durante 10 minutos. Em 3, a RVP reduziu de 7,8 (+ ou - 0,88) para 2,4 (+ ou -0,36) unidades Wood, e eles foram incluídos no Programa de Transplante. Nos outros 2, apesar de doses de NO de 20,30 e 40 ppm, a reduçäo foi de 8,4 ( + ou - 2,12) para 4,9 (+ ou - 0,42) unidades Wood, ou seja, insuficiente para serem incluídos nos Programas de Transplante. Näo tivemos óbitos, nem complicaçöes durante os procedimentos. O NO inalatório na avaliaçäo hemodinâmica dos candidatos a TC -- pelo seu efeito vasodilatador seletivo -- permite identificar aqueles com hiper-resistência vascular pulmonar, que näo respondem ao uso de drogas vasodilatadoras endovenosas convencionais, evitando que sejam excluídos dos benefícios do procedimento do TC

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/prevención & control , Trasplante de Corazón , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Óxido Nítrico/administración & dosificación , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Hemodinámica , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Pulmón/fisiología , Pulmón/irrigación sanguínea , Resistencia Vascular