RESUMEN

Visceral Leishmaniasis is included among the neglected tropical diseases, being directly related to conditions of social vulnerability, in urban environments, dogs act as important reservoirs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of dogs, related risk factors and identify of volatile organic compounds from infected dogs. Peripheral blood samples from 72 dogs were collected for detection using the ELISA test, in addition to hair samples for analysis by GC-MS. Of the evaluated dogs, 13 (18.05%/72) were reactive for canine VL, seven in Aracaju and six in Propriá. Factors related to vegetation, age, place where the dog stays and free access to the street, were associated with a greater chance of the dog becoming infected. Fifty-three compounds were identified from ten canine hair samples, among which 2-butoxyethanol, benzaldehyde, decane, 2-phenylacetaldehyde, nonan-1-ol, 2-phenoxyethanol, nonanoic acid, 8-heptadecene and eicosane were found in seropositive dogs for leishmaniasis. The guardian's posture has been increasingly important, requiring more attention to the dog's health and actions aimed at environmental management in an attempt to reduce cases of canine VL in the state. Even though the identified VOCs have not been associated with leishmanial infection, it is of great use for understanding canine hair substances.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Animales , Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Análisis Espacial , Brasil , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática

RESUMEN

Periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a midbrain region that projects to areas controlling behavioral and autonomic outputs and is involved in the behavioral and physiological components of defense reactions. Since Raphe Pallidus (RPa) is a medial medullary region comprising sympathetic premotor neurons governing heart function, it is worth considering the PAG-RPa path. We assessed: i) whether PAG projects to RPa; ii) the amplitude of cardiac responses evoked from PAG; iii) whether cardiovascular responses evoked from PAG rely on RPa. Experiments conducted in Wistar rats (±300 g) were approved by Ethics Committee CEUA-UFG (092/18). Firstly, (n = 3), monosynaptic retrograde tracer Retrobeads was injected into RPa; PAG slices were analyzed. Other two groups (n = 6 each) were anesthetized with urethane (1.4 g/kg) and chloralose (120 mg/kg) and underwent craniotomy, tracheostomy, catheterization of femoral artery and vein and of cardiac left ventricle. In one group, we injected the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BMI - 40 pmol/100 nL) into lateral/dorsolateral PAG. Another group was injected (100 nL) with the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (20 mM) into RPa, 20 min before BMI into PAG. The results were: i) retrogradely labelled neurons were found in PAG; ii) PAG activation by BMI caused positive chronotropism and inotropism, which were accompanied by afterload increases; iii) RPa inhibition with Muscimol reduced heart rate, arterial and ventricular pressures; iv) the subsequent PAG activation still increased arterial pressure, cardiac chronotropy and inotropy, but these responses were significantly attenuated. In conclusion, PAG activation increases cardiac chronotropy and inotropy, and these responses seem to rely on a direct pathway reaching ventromedial medullary RPa neurons.

Asunto(s)

Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Corazón/fisiología , Núcleo Pálido del Rafe/fisiología , Sustancia Gris Periacueductal/fisiología , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Agonistas de Receptores de GABA-A/farmacología , Antagonistas de Receptores de GABA-A/farmacología , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Vías Nerviosas/efectos de los fármacos , Vías Nerviosas/fisiología , Núcleo Pálido del Rafe/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Gris Periacueductal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

It is well-established that bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can promote neuroinflammation through receptor Toll-like 4 activation and induces sickness behavior in mice. This phenomenon triggers changes in membranes lipid dynamics to promote the intracellular cell signaling. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a powerful technique that can be used to image the distribution of lipids in the brain tissue directly. In this work, we characterize the LPS-induced neuroinflammation and the lipid dynamics in C57BL/6 mice at 3 and 24 h after LPS injection. We have observed that intraperitoneal administration of LPS (5 mg/kg body weight) induces sickness behavior and triggers a peripheral and cerebral increase of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels after 3 h, but only IL-10 was upregulated after 24 h. Morphological analysis of hypothalamus, cortex and hippocampus demonstrated that microglial activation was present after 24 h of LPS injection, but not at 3 h. DESI-MS revealed a total of 14 lipids significantly altered after 3 and 24 h and as well as their neuroanatomical distribution. Multivariate statistical analyzes have shown that ions associated with phosphatidylethanolamine [PE(38:4)] and docosatetraenoic acid [FA (22:4)] could be used as biomarkers to distinguish samples from the control or LPS treated groups. Finally, our data demonstrated that monitoring cerebral lipids dynamics and its neuroanatomical distribution can be helpful to understand sickness behavior and microglial activation after LPS administration.

Asunto(s)

Lípidos/inmunología , Inflamación Neurogénica/inmunología , Neuroinmunomodulación/inmunología , Animales , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Conducta de Enfermedad/fisiología , Lipopolisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microglía/inmunología , Transducción de Señal , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos

RESUMEN

Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the primary vector of Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Americas. Studies have been carried out to identify new alternatives for monitoring and controlling this sandfly species, particularly with the use of chemical baits. The attractiveness of odours emitted by foxes and alcohols found in some plants has already been demonstrated in laboratory tests with Lu. longipalpis. However, no studies have evaluated the responses of these insects to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by dogs. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects on Lu. longipalpis of individual and blends of VOCs identified in hair from dogs infected with L. infantum. Effects in male and female Lu. longipalpis were assessed using wind tunnel methodology. Individual compounds including octanal, nonanal, decanal and heptadecane showed capacity for activating and/or attracting male Lu. longipalpis. Only decanal and nonanal showed effects on females. The combination of octanal, decanal and heptadecane increased activation and attraction behaviour in male sandflies, as did the blend of octanal and decanal. These findings indicate that VOCs emitted by dogs may be an interesting source of new attractants of sandflies.

Asunto(s)

Quimiotaxis , Leishmania infantum/fisiología , Psychodidae/fisiología , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Femenino , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Masculino

RESUMEN

In this work, a carbon replica derived from a vinylbenzenesulfonate-intercalated layered double hydroxide (CR-LDH) was applied to remove the Dicamba organochlorine herbicide from aqueous solution. The samples were characterized by several experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry (TGA-DSC-MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption and zeta potential analysis. The CR-LDH sample presents a very high specific surface area (2345 m2 g-1). The adsorption experiment typically followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the adsorption kinetics was best fitted with a pseudo second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Dicamba herbicide onto CR-LDH was 279 mg g-1. CR-LDH presented a higher adsorption capacity than other carbon adsorbent materials reported in the literature.

RESUMEN

Human toxocarosis is a chronic tissue parasitosis most often caused by Toxocara canis. The seroprevalence can reach up to 50%, especially among children and adolescents. The anthelmintics used in the treatment have moderate efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of quinones and their derivatives against T. canis larvae and the cytotoxicity of the larvicidal compounds. The compounds were evaluated at 1 mg mL(-1) concentration in microculture plates containing third stage larvae in an Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 environment, incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO2 tension for 48 h. Five naphthoxiranes were selected for the cytotoxicity analysis. The cell viability evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays using murine peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice revealed that the naphthoxiranes (1 and 3) were less cytotoxic at a concentration of 0.05 mg mL(-1). The efficacy of naphthoxiranes (1 and 3) was examined in murine toxocarosis also. The anthelmintic activity was examined by evaluating the number of larvae in the brain, carcass, liver, lungs, heart, kidneys and eyes. Compound (3) demonstrated anthelmintic activity similar to that of albendazole by decreasing the number of larvae in the organs of mice and thus could form the basis of the development of a new anthelmintic drug.

Asunto(s)

Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Quinonas/farmacología , Toxocara canis/efectos de los fármacos , Toxocariasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Albendazol/farmacología , Albendazol/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antihelmínticos/química , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Antihelmínticos/toxicidad , Femenino , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Quinonas/química , Quinonas/uso terapéutico , Quinonas/toxicidad , Toxocariasis/parasitología

RESUMEN

Nanodiamonds (NDs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold nanorods (NRs) can be functionalized to promote gene delivery to hard-to-transfect cells with higher transfection efficiency than cationic lipids, and inducing less cell death.

Asunto(s)

Nanoestructuras/química , Transfección/métodos , Animales , Línea Celular , Ratones , Nanoestructuras/ultraestructura

RESUMEN

Dye exclusion tests are used to determine the number of live and dead cells. These assays are based on the principle that intact plasma membranes in live cells exclude specific dyes, whereas dead cells do not. Although widely used, the trypan blue (TB) exclusion assay has limitations. The dye can be incorporated by live cells after a short exposure time, and personal reliability, related to the expertise of the analyst, can affect the results. We propose an alternative assay for evaluating cell viability that combines the TB exclusion test and the high sensitivity of the flow cytometry technique. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of TB to emit fluorescence when complexed with proteins. According to our results, TB/bovine serum albumin and TB/cytoplasmic protein complexes emit fluorescence at 660 nm, which is detectable by flow cytometry using a 650-nm low-pass band filter. TB at 0.002% (w/v) was defined as the optimum concentration for distinguishing unstained living cells from fluorescent dead cells, and fluorescence emission was stable for 30 min after cell treatment. Although previous studies have shown that TB promotes green fluorescence quenching, TB at 0.002% did not interfere with green fluorescence in human live T-cells stained with anti-CD3/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) monoclonal antibody. We observed a high correlation between the percentage of propidium iodide+CD3/FITC+ and TB+CD3/FITC+ cells, as well as similar double-stained cell profiles in flow cytometry dot-plot graphs. Taken together, the results indicate that a TB exclusion assay by flow cytometry can be employed as an alternative tool for quick and reliable cell viability analysis.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Adulto Joven , /sangre , Citometría de Flujo/normas , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Azul de Tripano , Recuento de Células , Separación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Membrana Celular/fisiología , Fluorescencia , Inmunofenotipificación , Indicadores y Reactivos/normas , Complejos Multiproteicos/normas , Competencia Profesional , Propidio/normas , Coloración y Etiquetado , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/normas

RESUMEN

Dye exclusion tests are used to determine the number of live and dead cells. These assays are based on the principle that intact plasma membranes in live cells exclude specific dyes, whereas dead cells do not. Although widely used, the trypan blue (TB) exclusion assay has limitations. The dye can be incorporated by live cells after a short exposure time, and personal reliability, related to the expertise of the analyst, can affect the results. We propose an alternative assay for evaluating cell viability that combines the TB exclusion test and the high sensitivity of the flow cytometry technique. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of TB to emit fluorescence when complexed with proteins. According to our results, TB/bovine serum albumin and TB/cytoplasmic protein complexes emit fluorescence at 660 nm, which is detectable by flow cytometry using a 650-nm low-pass band filter. TB at 0.002% (w/v) was defined as the optimum concentration for distinguishing unstained living cells from fluorescent dead cells, and fluorescence emission was stable for 30 min after cell treatment. Although previous studies have shown that TB promotes green fluorescence quenching, TB at 0.002% did not interfere with green fluorescence in human live T-cells stained with anti-CD3/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) monoclonal antibody. We observed a high correlation between the percentage of propidium iodide+CD3/FITC+ and TB+CD3/FITC+ cells, as well as similar double-stained cell profiles in flow cytometry dot-plot graphs. Taken together, the results indicate that a TB exclusion assay by flow cytometry can be employed as an alternative tool for quick and reliable cell viability analysis.

Asunto(s)

Complejo CD3/sangre , Citometría de Flujo/normas , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Azul de Tripano , Recuento de Células , Membrana Celular/fisiología , Separación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Fluorescencia , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Indicadores y Reactivos/normas , Complejos Multiproteicos/normas , Competencia Profesional , Propidio/normas , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/normas , Coloración y Etiquetado , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Estudou-se o quadro clínico do veneno decorrente do envenenamento por Tityus fasciolatus e sua ação refletida nos componentes hematológicos no modelo murino. Para o estudo do perfil hematológico, foram utilizados 54 camundongos Swiss CF1, machos, com 30g, distribuídos em três grupos (G) (n=18) inoculados via subcutânea com: 50µL de PBS (G1); 24µg de veneno de T. fasciolatus (G2) e 8µg de veneno de T. serrulatus (G3). Cada grupo foi subdividido em três subgrupos (n=6) de acordo com o momento da coleta de sangue que foi estipulada em uma, oito e 24h após a inoculação do veneno, e foram realizados o hemograma e a dosagem de proteínas totais e fracionadas. O veneno de T. fasciolatus na dose de 24µg causou piloereção, comportamento nociceptivo, secreção nasal e oral acentuada, dispneia, prurido na face e reflexos exacerbados. No exame hematológico, foram observadas policitemia relativa e leucocitose com linfocitose.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical picture caused by Tityus fasciolatus and its action reflected in mouse blood profile. To study the blood profile, 54 Swiss CF1 mice, male, 30g, distributed into three groups (G) (n= 18) and inoculated subcutaneously with: 50µl PBS (G1), 24µg of venom of T. fasciolatus (G2) and 8µg venom T. serrulatus (G3) were used. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups (n= 6) according to the time of blood collection that was set at 1h, 8h and 24h after inoculation of the venom, and blood profile, total protein and fractionated were evaluated. The venom of T. fasciolatus at a dose of 24µg caused piloerection, behavior pain, nasal and oral sharp, dyspnea, rash on the face and exaggerated reflexes. In blood profile were observed relative polycythemia, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis.

RESUMEN

Estudou-se o quadro clínico do veneno decorrente do envenenamento por Tityus fasciolatus e sua ação refletida nos componentes hematológicos no modelo murino. Para o estudo do perfil hematológico, foram utilizados 54 camundongos Swiss CF1, machos, com 30g, distribuídos em três grupos (G) (n=18) inoculados via subcutânea com: 50µL de PBS (G1); 24µg de veneno de T. fasciolatus (G2) e 8µg de veneno de T. serrulatus (G3). Cada grupo foi subdividido em três subgrupos (n=6) de acordo com o momento da coleta de sangue que foi estipulada em uma, oito e 24h após a inoculação do veneno, e foram realizados o hemograma e a dosagem de proteínas totais e fracionadas. O veneno de T. fasciolatus na dose de 24µg causou piloereção, comportamento nociceptivo, secreção nasal e oral acentuada, dispneia, prurido na face e reflexos exacerbados. No exame hematológico, foram observadas policitemia relativa e leucocitose com linfocitose.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical picture caused by Tityus fasciolatus and its action reflected in mouse blood profile. To study the blood profile, 54 Swiss CF1 mice, male, 30g, distributed into three groups (G) (n= 18) and inoculated subcutaneously with: 50µl PBS (G1), 24µg of venom of T. fasciolatus (G2) and 8µg venom T. serrulatus (G3) were used. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups (n= 6) according to the time of blood collection that was set at 1h, 8h and 24h after inoculation of the venom, and blood profile, total protein and fractionated were evaluated. The venom of T. fasciolatus at a dose of 24µg caused piloerection, behavior pain, nasal and oral sharp, dyspnea, rash on the face and exaggerated reflexes. In blood profile were observed relative polycythemia, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ratones/clasificación , Venenos de Escorpión/toxicidad , Hematología

RESUMEN

The kairomone octenol is known as attractive to hematophagous Diptera such as mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and midges. There is little evidence that traps baited with octenol are also effective in attracting phlebotomine sand flies. The present report evaluated octenol in modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traps in two experiments: 1) modified CDC trap without light and 2) modified CDC trap with light. The traps were baited with octenol at concentrations of 0.5, 27, and 43 mg/h in Rincão locality, São Paulo, Brazil. Traps without octenol were used as controls. The sand fly Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (= Lutzomyia neivai) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) was the prevalent species (99.9%) in both experiments. The results of the experiments showed that traps baited with octenol at 27 and 43 mg/h caught significantly more N. neivai than control and octenol at 0.5 mg/h with and without light. This is the first report that shows that octenol itself is attractive to N. neivai and associated with light traps significantly increases the catches.

Asunto(s)

Conducta Apetitiva/efectos de los fármacos , Octanoles/farmacología , Psychodidae/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Femenino , Control de Insectos , Luz , Masculino

RESUMEN

The hematological and biochemical profiles of newly weaned rats submitted to experimental poisoning with T. serrulatus venom were evaluated. Fifteen recently weaned male Wistar rats (mean weight 130g) were distributed into three equal groups (n = 5). Animals in the control group (group A) received a subcutaneous injection of 400μL of ultra-pure water, while those in the experimental groups received, by identical route, 400μL of a solution containing 100μg (group B) or 450μg (group C) of scorpion venom dissolved in ultra-pure water. Red blood cells indexes, and differential leukocyte and total platelet counts were determined, together with levels of serum glucose, urea, creatinine, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, insulin, and cortisol. No significant differences between the control and experimental groups regarding red blood cells indexes were found. In contrast, significant increases (P<0.05) in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were observed in animals from groups B and C compared with the control group, while the number of platelets decreased. Serum glucose concentration remained unchanged in all groups, but important alterations were observed in the values of urea and creatinine. The results show that scorpion venom was detrimental to renal function as demonstrated by the altered urea and creatinine levels. Pancreatic function was also impaired, as revealed by the increase in amylase activity and the reduction in insulin levels.

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Avaliaram-se os perfis hematológico e bioquímico de ratos recém-desmamados submetidos ao envenenamento experimental com veneno de Tityus serrulatus. Quinze ratos Wistar machos, média de peso de 130g, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 5). Os animais do grupo-controle A foram inoculados com 400μL de água ultrapura, os do grupo experimental B receberam 400μL de uma solução contendo 100μg de veneno e os do grupo experimental C receberam 400μL de uma solução contendo 450μg de veneno. Foram determinados os índices da série vermelha, a contagem total e diferencial dos leucócitos e a contagem total de plaquetas, bem como os níveis da desidrogenase lática, aspartato aminotransferase, amilase, glicose, ureia, creatinina, cortisol e insulina. Não houve diferenças significativas entre o grupo-controle e os experimentais com relação aos índices da série vermelha. Foram observados aumentos significativos (P<0,05) no número de neutrófilos, linfócitos e monócitos nos ratos dos grupos B e C, enquanto o número de plaquetas diminuiu. A concentração de glicose permaneceu inalterada em todos os grupos, mas foram observadas importantes alterações nos valores séricos de ureia e creatinina. Esses resultados mostraram que o veneno de escorpião comprometeu o funcionamento dos rins. Como demonstrado pelo aumento da atividade da amilase sérica e a redução dos níveis de insulina, a função pancreática também foi afetada.

Asunto(s)

Ratas , Venenos de Escorpión/administración & dosificación , Venenos de Escorpión/química , Venenos de Escorpión/sangre , Venenos de Escorpión , Ratas Wistar/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The hematological and biochemical profiles of newly weaned rats submitted to experimental poisoning with T. serrulatus venom were evaluated. Fifteen recently weaned male Wistar rats (mean weight 130g) were distributed into three equal groups (n = 5). Animals in the control group (group A) received a subcutaneous injection of 400μL of ultra-pure water, while those in the experimental groups received, by identical route, 400μL of a solution containing 100μg (group B) or 450μg (group C) of scorpion venom dissolved in ultra-pure water. Red blood cells indexes, and differential leukocyte and total platelet counts were determined, together with levels of serum glucose, urea, creatinine, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, insulin, and cortisol. No significant differences between the control and experimental groups regarding red blood cells indexes were found. In contrast, significant increases (P<0.05) in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were observed in animals from groups B and C compared with the control group, while the number of platelets decreased. Serum glucose concentration remained unchanged in all groups, but important alterations were observed in the values of urea and creatinine. The results show that scorpion venom was detrimental to renal function as demonstrated by the altered urea and creatinine levels. Pancreatic function was also impaired, as revealed by the increase in amylase activity and the reduction in insulin levels.(AU)

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Avaliaram-se os perfis hematológico e bioquímico de ratos recém-desmamados submetidos ao envenenamento experimental com veneno de Tityus serrulatus. Quinze ratos Wistar machos, média de peso de 130g, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n = 5). Os animais do grupo-controle A foram inoculados com 400μL de água ultrapura, os do grupo experimental B receberam 400μL de uma solução contendo 100μg de veneno e os do grupo experimental C receberam 400μL de uma solução contendo 450μg de veneno. Foram determinados os índices da série vermelha, a contagem total e diferencial dos leucócitos e a contagem total de plaquetas, bem como os níveis da desidrogenase lática, aspartato aminotransferase, amilase, glicose, ureia, creatinina, cortisol e insulina. Não houve diferenças significativas entre o grupo-controle e os experimentais com relação aos índices da série vermelha. Foram observados aumentos significativos (P<0,05) no número de neutrófilos, linfócitos e monócitos nos ratos dos grupos B e C, enquanto o número de plaquetas diminuiu. A concentração de glicose permaneceu inalterada em todos os grupos, mas foram observadas importantes alterações nos valores séricos de ureia e creatinina. Esses resultados mostraram que o veneno de escorpião comprometeu o funcionamento dos rins. Como demonstrado pelo aumento da atividade da amilase sérica e a redução dos níveis de insulina, a função pancreática também foi afetada.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Ratas , Venenos de Escorpión/administración & dosificación , Venenos de Escorpión/sangre , Venenos de Escorpión/química , Venenos de Escorpión , Ratas Wistar/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the canine blood and urinary profiles after envenomation by Tityus serrulatus venom. Twelve dogs were randomly distributed into two equal groups. Control group animals received 0.5 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) injected subcutaneously into the internal portion of the left thigh, whilst dogs in the envenomed group were injected with scorpion venom (250 microg/kg in 0.5 mL PBS). No significant alterations were detected in the urine of envenomed dogs. Levels of plasma glucose and serum urea, creatinine, total protein, potassium, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and amylase were determined. Semi-quantitative analysis of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was performed using an immunochromatographic test. The concentrations of cortisol and insulin were determined using commercial radioimmunoassay kits. Increases in serum cortisol levels in experimental group animals coincided with hyperglycaemia and was probably a response to pain. Increased insulin levels were observed during the hyperglycaemic peaks. Envenomed dogs presented discreet increases in ALT, AST and CK, but no alterations in LDH, amylase, cTnI, urea, creatinine and potassium levels were observed. It was concluded that the venom of T. serrulatus induces blood and urinary biochemical changes in dogs.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Perros/inducido químicamente , Venenos de Escorpión/toxicidad , Picaduras de Arañas/sangre , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Amilasas/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Glucemia/análisis , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análisis , Creatina Quinasa/sangre , Creatinina/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Perros , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Insulina/sangre , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Masculino , Potasio/sangre , Venenos de Escorpión/administración & dosificación , Picaduras de Arañas/fisiopatología , Pruebas de Toxicidad , Troponina I/sangre , Urea/sangre

RESUMEN

The present study characterized envenomation in young rats by Tityus fasciolatus, an endemic scorpion to Central Brazilian and state of Minas Gerais. Electrocardiographic examinations were performed prior to treatment and every 5 min during the first 30 min after envenomation. The cardiac blood profile [creatine kinase, CK isoenzyme MB, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and troponina] together with macroscopic and microscopic alterations in the lungs and heart were evaluated. Envenomated animals showed ECG changes suggesting electrolytic imbalance, myocarditis and venom interference on the conduction tissue. Biochemical analyses indicated myocardial damage with high levels of CK, CK-MB and LDH. Macroscopic and microscopic findings included detection of pulmonary haemorrhages. In conclusion, T. fasciolatus venom leads to acute cardio-respiratory changes in young rats.

Asunto(s)

Cardiopatías/inducido químicamente , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/inducido químicamente , Picaduras de Escorpión/etiología , Venenos de Escorpión/envenenamiento , Escorpiones/fisiología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Electrocardiografía , Corazón/fisiopatología , Cardiopatías/patología , Cardiopatías/fisiopatología , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/fisiopatología , Masculino , Miocarditis/inducido químicamente , Miocarditis/fisiopatología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Picaduras de Escorpión/complicaciones , Picaduras de Escorpión/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

Accidental envenomation caused by Tityus serrulatus scorpions is very common in Brazil and may result in serious cardiorespiratory alterations that are frequently fatal to children. In the present study, the effects of T. serrulatus venom on the cardiorespiratory system of recently weaned male Wistar rats were evaluated. Fifteen animals were distributed into three groups (n = 5). The control group A received 400 miuL ultrapure water by subcutaneous injection, while the experimental groups B and C were injected with scorpion venom (100 and 450 miug, respectively, in 400 miuL water). Electrocardiogram (ECG) traces were obtained prior to the experiment, at five-minute intervals up to 30 minutes after treatment. At 40 minutes after envenomation, the animals had severe acute symptoms and were subsequently anesthetized for blood collection by means of intracardiac puncture. Biochemical profiles for the cardiac muscle were established by colorimetric analysis of creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB isoenzyme. Semiquantitative analysis of troponin was performed using the immunochromatographic assay. Following euthanasia, the lungs and hearts were removed and subjected to histopathological examination. All experimental animals had ECG alterations compatible with electrolytic imbalance, myocarditis and alterations of the cardiac conduction system. Envenomed animals had accentuated bradycardia at 25 and 30 minutes after venom inoculation. All experimental animals had myocardial lesions, which were confirmed by increased serum levels of CK and CK-MB, although there were no alterations in the serum concentration of troponin. Pulmonary hemorrhage was detected in whole lungs and microscopically confirmed by the presence of congested capillaries and erythrocytes in the alveolar parenchyma. In conclusion, T. serrulatus venom caused great cardiorespiratory damage to weaned rats.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Creatina Quinasa , Forma MB de la Creatina-Quinasa , Ratas Wistar , Venenos de Escorpión , Troponina

RESUMEN

Accidental envenomation caused by Tityus serrulatus scorpions is very common in Brazil and may result in serious cardiorespiratory alterations that are frequently fatal to children. In the present study, the effects of T. serrulatus venom on the cardiorespiratory system of recently weaned male Wistar rats were evaluated. Fifteen animals were distributed into three groups (n = 5). The control group A received 400 μL ultrapure water by subcutaneous injection, while the experimental groups B and C were injected with scorpion venom (100 and 450 μg, respectively, in 400 μL water). Electrocardiogram (ECG) traces were obtained prior to the experiment, at five-minute intervals up to 30 minutes after treatment. At 40 minutes after envenomation, the animals had severe acute symptoms and were subsequently anesthetized for blood collection by means of intracardiac puncture. Biochemical profiles for the cardiac muscle were established by colorimetric analysis of creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB isoenzyme. Semiquantitative analysis of troponin was performed using the immunochromatographic assay. Following euthanasia, the lungs and hearts were removed and subjected to histopathological examination. All experimental animals had ECG alterations compatible with electrolytic imbalance, myocarditis and alterations of the cardiac conduction system. Envenomed animals had accentuated bradycardia at 25 and 30 minutes after venom inoculation. All experimental animals had myocardial lesions, which were confirmed by increased serum levels of CK and CK-MB, although there were no alterations in the serum concentration of troponin. Pulmonary hemorrhage was detected in whole lungs and microscopically confirmed by the presence of congested capillaries and erythrocytes in the alveolar parenchyma. In conclusion, T. serrulatus venom caused great cardiorespiratory damage to weaned rats.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Venenos de Escorpión/administración & dosificación , Venenos de Escorpión/efectos adversos , Venenos de Escorpión , Creatina Quinasa/envenenamiento , Electrocardiografía/métodos , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Isoenzimas/envenenamiento , Troponina/análisis

RESUMEN

Avaliou-se o hemograma de 12 cães adultos, saudáveis (14,2±5,4kg) após a inoculação de veneno do escorpião amarelo (Tityus serrulatus). Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos (G), com seis em cada: os do GI foram usados como controle e receberam 0,5mL de salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) por via subcutânea (SC) na face medial da coxa esquerda (FMCE), e os do GII receberam veneno liofilizado do T. serrulatus (250µg/kg) diluído em PBS por via SC na FMCE. Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue com anticoagulante EDTA a 10 por cento antes da inoculação do veneno (T0) e após 2h, (T1), 6h (T2), 12h (T3), 24h (T4), 48h (T5) e 72h (T6), para contagem de eritrócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas em aparelho contador eletrônico e esfregaços sanguíneos para contagem diferencial de leucócitos. Houve aumento significativo (P<0,05) dos valores de eritrócitos, volume globular e hemoglobina 2h e 6h após o envenenamento, devido à contração esplênica decorrente da dor local causada pelo veneno e pela liberação de catecolaminas. Foi observada leucocitose por aumento significativo (P<0,05) de neutrófilos e linfócitos 2h e 6h após o envenenamento. Concluiu-se que o veneno de Tityus serrulatus na dose de 250µg/kg, é capaz de aumentar os valores do eritrograma e do leucograma dos cães, provavelmente devido à dor local, com liberação de catecolaminas.

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The canine blood profile after scorpion envenomation was evaluated using 12 healthy mongrel male dogs (14.2±5.4kg) distributed in two groups, with six animals in each: group I (control group) and group II (venom group). The lyophilized yellow scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) venom (250µg/kg) diluted in 0.5mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was given to group II animals by subcutaneous injection, in the medial face of the left thigh. Group I animals received only 0.5mL of PBS, by subcutaneous injection, in the medial face of the left thigh. Blood samples were collected with EDTA before (T0) and 2 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3), 24 (T4), 48 (T5), and 72h (T6) after envenomation. Significant increases (P<0.05) in erythrocytes counting, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration, 2 and 6h after envenomation were observed. Leukocytosis with significant increases (P<0.05) of neutrophils and lymphocytes 2 and 6h after envenomation was found. Then, T. serrulatus venom may induce alterations in blood profile in dogs, probably due to spleen contraction evoked by pain and catecholamines releasing.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas/veterinaria , Perros , Intoxicación/veterinaria , Venenos de Escorpión/efectos adversos , Venenos de Escorpión/sangre

RESUMEN

Avaliou-se o hemograma de 12 cães adultos, saudáveis (14,2±5,4kg) após a inoculação de veneno do escorpião amarelo (Tityus serrulatus). Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos (G), com seis em cada: os do GI foram usados como controle e receberam 0,5mL de salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) por via subcutânea (SC) na face medial da coxa esquerda (FMCE), e os do GII receberam veneno liofilizado do T. serrulatus (250µg/kg) diluído em PBS por via SC na FMCE. Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue com anticoagulante EDTA a 10 por cento antes da inoculação do veneno (T0) e após 2h, (T1), 6h (T2), 12h (T3), 24h (T4), 48h (T5) e 72h (T6), para contagem de eritrócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas em aparelho contador eletrônico e esfregaços sanguíneos para contagem diferencial de leucócitos. Houve aumento significativo (P<0,05) dos valores de eritrócitos, volume globular e hemoglobina 2h e 6h após o envenenamento, devido à contração esplênica decorrente da dor local causada pelo veneno e pela liberação de catecolaminas. Foi observada leucocitose por aumento significativo (P<0,05) de neutrófilos e linfócitos 2h e 6h após o envenenamento. Concluiu-se que o veneno de Tityus serrulatus na dose de 250µg/kg, é capaz de aumentar os valores do eritrograma e do leucograma dos cães, provavelmente devido à dor local, com liberação de catecolaminas.(AU)

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The canine blood profile after scorpion envenomation was evaluated using 12 healthy mongrel male dogs (14.2±5.4kg) distributed in two groups, with six animals in each: group I (control group) and group II (venom group). The lyophilized yellow scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) venom (250µg/kg) diluted in 0.5mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was given to group II animals by subcutaneous injection, in the medial face of the left thigh. Group I animals received only 0.5mL of PBS, by subcutaneous injection, in the medial face of the left thigh. Blood samples were collected with EDTA before (T0) and 2 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3), 24 (T4), 48 (T5), and 72h (T6) after envenomation. Significant increases (P<0.05) in erythrocytes counting, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration, 2 and 6h after envenomation were observed. Leukocytosis with significant increases (P<0.05) of neutrophils and lymphocytes 2 and 6h after envenomation was found. Then, T. serrulatus venom may induce alterations in blood profile in dogs, probably due to spleen contraction evoked by pain and catecholamines releasing.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas/veterinaria , Intoxicación/veterinaria , Venenos de Escorpión/efectos adversos , Venenos de Escorpión/sangre , Perros