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INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic factors have been recognized by the WHO as determinants of health, and it is important to consider these factors in decision making to curb existing inequality in vaccination for SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between socioeconomic factors and vaccination worldwide and measure inequality. METHOD: A study of secondary sources was carried out to assess inequality in vaccination against COVID-19 worldwide and its association with socioeconomic factors. For this assessment, 169 countries were chosen from January 2020 to March 2022 using LibreOffice and JASP 0.16.1.10. Several mathematical models and statistical tests were used, including a normality test, an analysis of frequencies and proportions, a Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's correlations, a Lorenz curve, a Concentration Index, and a slope. RESULTS: Correlations were found between socioeconomic factors and vaccination with one, two, and three doses. As the GDP showed correlations of 0.71 for one dose and 0.82 for three doses, we found that the greater the competitiveness of the countries, the higher the percentage of vaccinated individuals in their populations. According to the Concentration Index, there was greater inequality in vaccination with regard to receiving a higher number of doses, as reflected in the life expectancy indices of 0.16-0.19 and 0.50. The continent with the highest degree of inequality was Africa, and the continent with the lowest degree was America. South Americans were vaccinated with two doses at a rate of 6.19%/month, which was 4.3 times faster than Africans, with 72% of the population being vaccinated in South America, compared to only 16% in Africa. CONCLUSION: There is inequality in vaccination against COVID-19 with one, two, and three doses, which is associated with socioeconomic factors.

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Objective: to search for inequalities in vaccination with two doses, and its relationship with social and economic variables, cases and deaths. Methods: Exploratory ecological study of a secondary source from the Ministry of Health of Peru and the United Nations Program, from March 2020 to January 2022. Results: We found a high positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the Regional Competitiveness Index (r = 0.72), and the State Density Index (r = 0.81); moderate with the Human Development Index, doctors per 1,000 inhabitants, cases and deaths per 100 000. In the three waves of the pandemic, the most affected were older adults; the third wave was higher. Mortality decreased during vaccination compared to before it; there was inequality with two doses between the regions. The Lorenz curve expressed inequality with the number of doses (GINI: One dose: 0,05, Two doses: 0,06, Three doses: 0,18). The concentration curve was similar to that of Lorenz through the Regional Competitiveness Index, with higher doses, inequality increased (One dose: 0,05, two doses: 0,06, three doses: 0,16); The same happened with the State Density Index (One dose: 0,05, two doses: 0.06, three doses: 0,17). Conclusion: Inequality in vaccination between regions was found, associated with socioeconomic factors in Peru.

Objetivo: buscar desigualdades en la vacunación con dos dosis, y su relación con variables sociales, económicas, casos y fallecidos. Métodos: Estudio ecológico exploratorio de fuente secundaria del Ministerio de Salud de Perú y Programa de las Naciones Unidas, de marzo 2020 a enero 2022. Resultados: Encontramos correlación positiva alta (p < 0,05) con el Índice de Competitividad Regional (r = 0,72), y el Índice de Densidad del Estado (r = 0,81); moderada con el Índice de Desarrollo Humano, médicos por 1000 habitantes, casos y fallecidos por 100 000. En las tres olas de pandemia, los más afectados fueron adultos mayores; fue más alta la tercera ola. La mortalidad disminuyó durante la vacunación en comparación con antes de ella; existió desigualdad con dos dosis entre las regiones. La curva de Lorenz expresó desigualdad con el número de dosis (GINI: Una dosis: 0,05, Dos dosis: 0,06, Tres dosis: 0,18). La curva de concentración presentó semejanza con la de Lorenz mediante el Índice de Competitividad Regional, a mayor dosis se incrementó la desigualdad (Una dosis: 0,05, dos dosis: 0,06, tres dosis: 0,16); igual sucedió con el Índice de Densidad del Estado (Una dosis: 0,05, dos dosis: 0,06, tres dosis: 0,17). Conclusión: Se encontró desigualdad en la vacunación entre las regiones, asociada con factores socioeconómicos en Perú.