RESUMEN
The performance of the MicroScan WalkAway PC30 panel for detection of oxacillin resistance was evaluated by use of a collection of 420 staphylococcus isolates. The addition of a cefoxitin test (4 mg/liter) to the oxacillin MIC determination increased its raw performance for Staphylococcus aureus; additional data were required for coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Oxacilina/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Cefoxitina/farmacología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Nationwide surveys of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections are required to fit empiric therapy to recent trends and detect emerging resistance. We report the results of a French national prospective survey based on the College of Bacteriology-Virology and Hygiene study group network performed each October during the 1996 to 2007 period, with focus on Enterobacteriaceae (7708 isolates) and Staphylococcus aureus (2271 isolates). The most relevant antimicrobial susceptibilities trends were i) a decrease in fluoroquinolones susceptibility among Enterobacteriaceae (96-90%, P < 0.0001) and Escherichia coli isolates (98-89%, P < 0.0001), respectively, ii) the slight but significant decrease in cefotaxime susceptibility among E. coli (P = 0.016), and iii) the significant increase in gentamicin susceptibility among S. aureus strains (P = 0.016). This survey reports antibiotic susceptibility of bloodstream pathogens in France. The empiric use of fluoroquinolones in severe infections should be cautiously monitored by thorough clinical and microbiologic follow-up.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bacteriemia/sangre , Bacteriemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/sangre , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Francia , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Vigilancia de la Población , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/sangre , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Among 10,872 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from a nationwide study of 88 French hospitals in 2005, 169 (1.7%) expressed an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. The most prevalent species were Escherichia coli (48.5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (23.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%). Molecular analysis underlined the polyclonal spread of CTX-M-expressing E. coli, primarily isolates of the CTX-M-1 subgroup.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , Epidemiología Molecular , beta-Lactamasas/biosíntesis , Enterobacteriaceae/clasificación , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Escherichia coli/enzimología , Escherichia coli/genética , Francia/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Prevalencia , Resistencia betalactámica , beta-Lactamasas/clasificación , beta-Lactamasas/genética , beta-LactamasRESUMEN
A real-time PCR assay with locked nucleic acid probes was developed to screen mutations at codons 79 and 83 of the Streptococcus pneumoniae parC gene. Only silent mutations were detected among 236 French invasive fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains. This test could be useful for some high-risk patients or in national surveys.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Topoisomerasa de ADN IV/genética , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacología , Mutación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genéticaAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacteriemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Lactamas/farmacología , Neumonía Neumocócica/tratamiento farmacológico , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Ertapenem , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Neumonía Neumocócica/microbiología , beta-LactamasRESUMEN
A study of 257 French invasive pneumococci isolated between 2000 and 2002 showed high rates of nonsusceptibility to penicillin and macrolides (50%), contrasting with a low frequency of resistance to amoxicillin or levofloxacin (<1%) and tolerance to vancomycin (0%). The genetic homogeneity of some serogroups, including serogroup 1, enhanced the risk of epidemiological changes.