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OBJECTIVE: Studies addressing the effect of laparoscopic experience on robotic skills have produced conflicting results. This study aimed to compare simulated robotic surgical tasks using the virtual reality simulator dV-Trainer between laparoscopically experienced surgeons and first-year surgical residents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. Participants completed 4 trials of the following tasks on the dV-Trainer: Peg Board 2, Ring and Rail 1, and Suture Sponge 1. Performance was recorded using a computerized built-in scoring algorithm. Scores and metrics were compared between groups 1 and 2 and between the first and subsequent trials. SETTING: Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil, a tertiary care teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty laparoscopically experienced surgeons (group 1) and 20 first-year surgical residents (group 2). All participants completed the study. RESULTS: The overall scores for Peg Board 2 (738.04 ± 267.83 vs 730.39 ± 225.31; p = 0.57), Ring and Rail 1 (919.03 ± 242.69 vs 965.84 ± 222.96; p = 0.13), and Suture Sponge 1 (563.62 ± 185.50 vs 560.99 ± 152.71; p = 0.67) did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 2. Group 1 had better results for master workspace range in Peg Board 2 and Ring and Rail 1. Group 2 had higher scores for economy of motion in Peg Board 2 and Ring and Rail 1 and for excessive instrument force in Ring and Rail 1. In both groups, the overall scores in the third and fourth trials were significantly higher than those in the first trial. CONCLUSIONS: There are no significant differences in the performance of simulated robotic surgical tasks between laparoscopically experienced surgeons and laparoscopically naïve surgical residents. Some slight differences were observed in specific metrics, but these differences were not sufficient to change the final results. We may assume that laparoscopic experience should not be an essential step in the initial learning curve of robotic surgery.

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Background: Productivity and efficiency of beef production systems should be estimated based on cow size, calf growthrate and cow reproduction rate, which are critical factors for the evaluation of production characteristics of beef cattle ofdifferent biological types. One of the ways to measure beef cow productivity is based on the ratio of calf weaning weightto cow weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproductive efficiency of primiparous beefcows of three different biotypes and two milk production levels, from calving to weaning, in pasture-raised beef systems.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two primiparous Angus cows were classified according to body weight at calving,as follows: Heavy (431 kg); Medium (388 kg); and Light (348 kg). Cow efficiency as a function of biotype was evaluatedat two different moments: calving and weaning, based on the ratio of calf weight to cow weight*100 (in kilograms). Calfproduction efficiency was determined based on the ratio of calf weaning weight (CWW) to cow pregnancy rate (PR),resulting in the calf production index = kg of weaning calves per cow (CWW*PR/100). The experimental design was acompletely randomized factorial 3 x 2 x 2 design (three biotypes x two calf sexes x two milk production levels). The resultswere subjected to ANOVA and F-test. The Light and Medium cow groups produced more (P < 0.05) kilograms of calf perkilogram of cow (16.0 and 15.1 kg, respectively) than the Heavy group (14.0 kg). Light cows showed lower (P < 0.05) milkproduction and, as a result, lighter (P < 0.05) calves at weaning (151.9 ± 4.3 kg) than Medium and Heavy groups, 166.0± 3.7; 166.5 ± 4.0 kg, respectively. At beginning of the breeding season, cows of the Lower milk production group wereon average 27.49 kg heavier than cows in the Higher milk production group. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) betweentotal milk [...]

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Background: Productivity and efficiency of beef production systems should be estimated based on cow size, calf growth rate and cow reproduction rate, which are critical factors for the evaluation of production characteristics of beef cattle of different biological types. One of the ways to measure beef cow productivity is based on the ratio of calf weaning weight to cow weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproductive efficiency of primiparous beef cows of three different biotypes and two milk production levels, from calving to weaning, in pasture-raised beef systems. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two primiparous Angus cows were classified according to body weight at calving, as follows: Heavy (431 kg); Medium (388 kg); and Light (348 kg). Cow efficiency as a function of biotype was evaluated at two different moments: calving and weaning, based on the ratio of calf weight to cow weight*100 (in kilograms). Calf production efficiency was determined based on the ratio of calf weaning weight (CWW) to cow pregnancy rate (PR), resulting in the calf production index = kg of weaning calves per cow (CWW*PR/100).  The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 3 x 2 x 2 design (three biotypes x two calf sexes x two milk production levels). The results were subjected to ANOVA and F-test. The Light and Medium cow groups produced mo

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Background: Productivity and efficiency of beef production systems should be estimated based on cow size, calf growthrate and cow reproduction rate, which are critical factors for the evaluation of production characteristics of beef cattle ofdifferent biological types. One of the ways to measure beef cow productivity is based on the ratio of calf weaning weightto cow weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproductive efficiency of primiparous beefcows of three different biotypes and two milk production levels, from calving to weaning, in pasture-raised beef systems.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two primiparous Angus cows were classified according to body weight at calving,as follows: Heavy (431 kg); Medium (388 kg); and Light (348 kg). Cow efficiency as a function of biotype was evaluatedat two different moments: calving and weaning, based on the ratio of calf weight to cow weight*100 (in kilograms). Calfproduction efficiency was determined based on the ratio of calf weaning weight (CWW) to cow pregnancy rate (PR),resulting in the calf production index = kg of weaning calves per cow (CWW*PR/100). The experimental design was acompletely randomized factorial 3 x 2 x 2 design (three biotypes x two calf sexes x two milk production levels). The resultswere subjected to ANOVA and F-test. The Light and Medium cow groups produced more (P < 0.05) kilograms of calf perkilogram of cow (16.0 and 15.1 kg, respectively) than the Heavy group (14.0 kg). Light cows showed lower (P < 0.05) milkproduction and, as a result, lighter (P < 0.05) calves at weaning (151.9 ± 4.3 kg) than Medium and Heavy groups, 166.0± 3.7; 166.5 ± 4.0 kg, respectively. At beginning of the breeding season, cows of the Lower milk production group wereon average 27.49 kg heavier than cows in the Higher milk production group. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) betweentotal milk [...](AU)

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Background: Productivity and efficiency of beef production systems should be estimated based on cow size, calf growth rate and cow reproduction rate, which are critical factors for the evaluation of production characteristics of beef cattle of different biological types. One of the ways to measure beef cow productivity is based on the ratio of calf weaning weight to cow weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproductive efficiency of primiparous beef cows of three different biotypes and two milk production levels, from calving to weaning, in pasture-raised beef systems. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two primiparous Angus cows were classified according to body weight at calving, as follows: Heavy (431 kg); Medium (388 kg); and Light (348 kg). Cow efficiency as a function of biotype was evaluated at two different moments: calving and weaning, based on the ratio of calf weight to cow weight*100 (in kilograms). Calf production efficiency was determined based on the ratio of calf weaning weight (CWW) to cow pregnancy rate (PR), resulting in the calf production index = kg of weaning calves per cow (CWW*PR/100).  The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 3 x 2 x 2 design (three biotypes x two calf sexes x two milk production levels). The results were subjected to ANOVA and F-test. The Light and Medium cow groups produced mo

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Background: Productivity and efficiency of beef production systems should be estimated based on cow size, calf growth rate and cow reproduction rate, which are critical factors for the evaluation of production characteristics of beef cattle of different biological types. One of the ways to measure beef cow productivity is based on the ratio of calf weaning weight to cow weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproductive efficiency of primiparous beef cows of three different biotypes and two milk production levels, from calving to weaning, in pasture-raised beef systems. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two primiparous Angus cows were classified according to body weight at calving, as follows: Heavy (431 kg); Medium (388 kg); and Light (348 kg). Cow efficiency as a function of biotype was evaluated at two different moments: calving and weaning, based on the ratio of calf weight to cow weight*100 (in kilograms). Calf production efficiency was determined based on the ratio of calf weaning weight (CWW) to cow pregnancy rate (PR), resulting in the calf production index = kg of weaning calves per cow (CWW*PR/100).  The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 3 x 2 x 2 design (three biotypes x two calf sexes x two milk production levels). The results were subjected to ANOVA and F-test. The Light and Medium cow groups produced mo

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Background: Productivity and efficiency of beef production systems should be estimated based on cow size, calf growth rate and cow reproduction rate, which are critical factors for the evaluation of production characteristics of beef cattle of different biological types. One of the ways to measure beef cow productivity is based on the ratio of calf weaning weight to cow weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproductive efficiency of primiparous beef cows of three different biotypes and two milk production levels, from calving to weaning, in pasture-raised beef systems. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two primiparous Angus cows were classified according to body weight at calving, as follows: Heavy (431 kg); Medium (388 kg); and Light (348 kg). Cow efficiency as a function of biotype was evaluated at two different moments: calving and weaning, based on the ratio of calf weight to cow weight*100 (in kilograms). Calf production efficiency was determined based on the ratio of calf weaning weight (CWW) to cow pregnancy rate (PR), resulting in the calf production index = kg of weaning calves per cow (CWW*PR/100).  The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 3 x 2 x 2 design (three biotypes x two calf sexes x two milk production levels). The results were subjected to ANOVA and F-test. The Light and Medium cow groups produced mo

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Background: Productivity and efficiency of beef production systems should be estimated based on cow size, calf growth rate and cow reproduction rate, which are critical factors for the evaluation of production characteristics of beef cattle of different biological types. One of the ways to measure beef cow productivity is based on the ratio of calf weaning weight to cow weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproductive efficiency of primiparous beef cows of three different biotypes and two milk production levels, from calving to weaning, in pasture-raised beef systems. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two primiparous Angus cows were classified according to body weight at calving, as follows: Heavy (431 kg); Medium (388 kg); and Light (348 kg). Cow efficiency as a function of biotype was evaluated at two different moments: calving and weaning, based on the ratio of calf weight to cow weight*100 (in kilograms). Calf production efficiency was determined based on the ratio of calf weaning weight (CWW) to cow pregnancy rate (PR), resulting in the calf production index = kg of weaning calves per cow (CWW*PR/100).  The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 3 x 2 x 2 design (three biotypes x two calf sexes x two milk production levels). The results were subjected to ANOVA and F-test. The Light and Medium cow groups produced mo

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Background: Productivity and efficiency of beef production systems should be estimated based on cow size, calf growth rate and cow reproduction rate, which are critical factors for the evaluation of production characteristics of beef cattle of different biological types. One of the ways to measure beef cow productivity is based on the ratio of calf weaning weight to cow weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance and reproductive efficiency of primiparous beef cows of three different biotypes and two milk production levels, from calving to weaning, in pasture-raised beef systems. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty-two primiparous Angus cows were classified according to body weight at calving, as follows: Heavy (431 kg); Medium (388 kg); and Light (348 kg). Cow efficiency as a function of biotype was evaluated at two different moments: calving and weaning, based on the ratio of calf weight to cow weight*100 (in kilograms). Calf production efficiency was determined based on the ratio of calf weaning weight (CWW) to cow pregnancy rate (PR), resulting in the calf production index = kg of weaning calves per cow (CWW*PR/100).  The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial 3 x 2 x 2 design (three biotypes x two calf sexes x two milk production levels). The results were subjected to ANOVA and F-test. The Light and Medium cow groups produced mo

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Resumo No início do século XIX, investigações sobre a natureza de fenômenos psíquicos/espirituais como transes e supostas aquisições de informações indisponíveis aos canais sensoriais normais geraram grande debate no meio científico. Este artigo discute as principais explicações oferecidas pelos pesquisadores dos fenômenos psíquicos entre 1811 e 1860, concentrando-se nos dois movimentos principais no período: sonambulismo magnético e espiritualismo moderno. As investigações desses fenômenos geraram diversas teorias, sem que se chegasse a consenso, mas trouxeram implicações para a compreensão da mente e de seus transtornos, notadamente na área do inconsciente e da dissociação, constituindo-se como parte importante da história da psicologia e da psiquiatria.

Abstract In the early nineteenth century, investigations into the nature of psychic/spiritual phenomena, like trances and the supposed acquisition of information unattainable using normal sensory channels, prompted much debate in the scientific arena. This article discusses the main explanations offered by the researchers of psychic phenomena reported between 1811 and 1860, concentrating on the two main movements in the period: magnetic somnambulism and modern spiritualism. While the investigations of these phenomena gave rise to multiple theories, they did not yield any consensus. However, they did have implications for the understanding of the mind and its disorders, especially in the areas of the unconscious and dissociation, constituting an important part of the history of psychology and psychiatry.

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In the early nineteenth century, investigations into the nature of psychic/spiritual phenomena, like trances and the supposed acquisition of information unattainable using normal sensory channels, prompted much debate in the scientific arena. This article discusses the main explanations offered by the researchers of psychic phenomena reported between 1811 and 1860, concentrating on the two main movements in the period: magnetic somnambulism and modern spiritualism. While the investigations of these phenomena gave rise to multiple theories, they did not yield any consensus. However, they did have implications for the understanding of the mind and its disorders, especially in the areas of the unconscious and dissociation, constituting an important part of the history of psychology and psychiatry.

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Three experiments were performed to determine the efficacy of various methods of averting naïve cattle to prevent Baccharis coridifolia poisoning: forced oral administration of 0.5g kg-1 body weight of fresh B. coridifolia; forced inhalation of the smoke from burning B. coridifolia and rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzles and mouths; and introducing the animals into paddocks with low invasion by B. coridifolia. Results demonstrated that cattle forced to ingest low doses become strongly averted if introduced into paddocks 23-26 hours after the aversion. In contrast, cattle introduced into the paddocks between 1-10 hours were not fully averted. Inhalation of B. coridifolia smoke, and rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzles and mouths were not efficient to induce an aversion. The introduction of cattle into paddocks with approximately 1% of B. coridifolia was efficient if the animals remained 5 months in the area, but not if they only remained for 60 hours, as cattle required sufficient time to learn to avoid the plant.

Foram realizados três experimentos para determinar a eficácia de vários métodos de aversão a Baccharis coridifolia em bovinos: administração oral forçada de 0,5g kg-1 de peso vivo de B. coridifolia fresca; inalação forçada da fumaça proveniente da queima de B. coridifolia e esfregação da planta no focinho e na boca dos animais; e introdução dos animais em pastagens com baixa infestação por B. coridifolia. Os resultados demonstraram que os animais forçados a ingerir pequenas doses tornaram-se fortemente avertidos, quando introduzidos nos piquetes entre 23 a 26 horas após a aversão. Entretanto, bovinos introduzidos nos piquetes após 1 a 10 horas não foram totalmente avertidos. Inalação da fumaça de B. coridifolia e esfregação da planta no focinho e boca dos animais não foram eficientes para produzir aversão. A introdução de bovinos em piquetes com aproximadamente 1% de B. coridifolia foi eficiente quando os animais permaneceram cinco meses na área, mas não quando ficaram apenas 60 horas, pois os bovinos precisam de tempo para aprender a evitar a planta.

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Three experiments were performed to determine the efficacy of various methods of averting naïve cattle to prevent Baccharis coridifolia poisoning: forced oral administration of 0.5g kg-1 body weight of fresh B. coridifolia; forced inhalation of the smoke from burning B. coridifolia and rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzles and mouths; and introducing the animals into paddocks with low invasion by B. coridifolia. Results demonstrated that cattle forced to ingest low doses become strongly averted if introduced into paddocks 23-26 hours after the aversion. In contrast, cattle introduced into the paddocks between 1-10 hours were not fully averted. Inhalation of B. coridifolia smoke, and rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzles and mouths were not efficient to induce an aversion. The introduction of cattle into paddocks with approximately 1% of B. coridifolia was efficient if the animals remained 5 months in the area, but not if they only remained for 60 hours, as cattle required sufficient time to learn to avoid the plant.

Foram realizados três experimentos para determinar a eficácia de vários métodos de aversão a Baccharis coridifolia em bovinos: administração oral forçada de 0,5g kg-1 de peso vivo de B. coridifolia fresca; inalação forçada da fumaça proveniente da queima de B. coridifolia e esfregação da planta no focinho e na boca dos animais; e introdução dos animais em pastagens com baixa infestação por B. coridifolia. Os resultados demonstraram que os animais forçados a ingerir pequenas doses tornaram-se fortemente avertidos, quando introduzidos nos piquetes entre 23 a 26 horas após a aversão. Entretanto, bovinos introduzidos nos piquetes após 1 a 10 horas não foram totalmente avertidos. Inalação da fumaça de B. coridifolia e esfregação da planta no focinho e boca dos animais não foram eficientes para produzir aversão. A introdução de bovinos em piquetes com aproximadamente 1% de B. coridifolia foi eficiente quando os animais permaneceram cinco meses na área, mas não quando ficaram apenas 60 horas, pois os bovinos precisam de tempo para aprender a evitar a planta.

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Three experiments were performed to determine the efficacy of various methods of averting naïve cattle to prevent Baccharis coridifolia poisoning: forced oral administration of 0.5g kg-1 body weight of fresh B. coridifolia; forced inhalation of the smoke from burning B. coridifolia and rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzles and mouths; and introducing the animals into paddocks with low invasion by B. coridifolia. Results demonstrated that cattle forced to ingest low doses become strongly averted if introduced into paddocks 23-26 hours after the aversion. In contrast, cattle introduced into the paddocks between 1-10 hours were not fully averted. Inhalation of B. coridifolia smoke, and rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzles and mouths were not efficient to induce an aversion. The introduction of cattle into paddocks with approximately 1% of B. coridifolia was efficient if the animals remained 5 months in the area, but not if they only remained for 60 hours, as cattle required sufficient time to learn to avoid the plant.

Foram realizados três experimentos para determinar a eficácia de vários métodos de aversão a Baccharis coridifolia em bovinos: administração oral forçada de 0,5g kg-1 de peso vivo de B. coridifolia fresca; inalação forçada da fumaça proveniente da queima de B. coridifolia e esfregação da planta no focinho e na boca dos animais; e introdução dos animais em pastagens com baixa infestação por B. coridifolia. Os resultados demonstraram que os animais forçados a ingerir pequenas doses tornaram-se fortemente avertidos, quando introduzidos nos piquetes entre 23 a 26 horas após a aversão. Entretanto, bovinos introduzidos nos piquetes após 1 a 10 horas não foram totalmente avertidos. Inalação da fumaça de B. coridifolia e esfregação da planta no focinho e boca dos animais não foram eficientes para produzir aversão. A introdução de bovinos em piquetes com aproximadamente 1% de B. coridifolia foi eficiente quando os animais permaneceram cinco meses na área, mas não quando ficaram apenas 60 horas, pois os bovinos precisam de tempo para aprender a evitar a planta.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do frame e da altura de garupa sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas de corte. Sessenta e uma novilhas Braford de 24 meses de idade, em boa condição corporal (CC4 em escala de 1-5) foram classificadas em dois grupos, altura de garupa (grupo Alto entre 129 a 135 cm e grupo Baixo entre 118 e 128 cm) e em dois grupos de frame (Maior entre 5.8 a 7.1 e Menor entre 3.5 e 5.7). As variáveis analisadas foram a frequência de novilhas cíclicas e gestantes e o peso pré-acasalamento. Não houve efeito significativo (P0,05) no grupo Alto do que no grupo Baixo (359,4 ± 3,1 e 331,4 ± 3,5, respectivamente). Em um rebanho de novilhas Braford de 24 meses, pequenas variações na altura de garupa e frame não são capazes de afetar o desempenho reprodutivo das fêmeas. Mesmo havendo uma diferença superior a 25kg no início do acasalamento, as novilhas de diferentes tamanhos apresentaram desempenho reprodutivo igual

The objective of this study was evaluated the frame and hip height effects on reproductive performance in beef heifers. Sixty one twenty four months-old Braford heifers, in the same body condition score (BCS4 in a 1-5 scale) were allocated into two groups by hip height (Alto group between 129 a 135 cm and Baixo group between 118 e 128 cm) and into two groups by frame (Maior between 5.8 a 7.1 scores and Menor between 3.5 e 5.7 scores). The variables analyzed were heifers exhibited ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy frequency and prebreeding weight. There were no significant effect (P>0.05) of frame and hip height on heifers exhibited ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy frequency. The prebreeding weight was heavier (P<0.05) in the Alto group than in the Baixo group (359.4 ± 3.1 and 331.4 ± 3.5, respectively). In a 24 months-old Braford herd, small variation in hip height and frame do not affect the reproductive performance. Even with a 25 kg difference in the beginning of breeding season the heifers with different frame have same reproductive performance

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do frame e da altura de garupa sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas de corte. Sessenta e uma novilhas Braford de 24 meses de idade, em boa condição corporal (CC4 em escala de 1-5) foram classificadas em dois grupos, altura de garupa (grupo Alto entre 129 a 135 cm e grupo Baixo entre 118 e 128 cm) e em dois grupos de frame (Maior entre 5.8 a 7.1 e Menor entre 3.5 e 5.7). As variáveis analisadas foram a frequência de novilhas cíclicas e gestantes e o peso pré-acasalamento. Não houve efeito significativo (P<0,05) do frame e altura de garupa sobre a freqüência de novilhas cíclicas e gestantes. O peso pré-acasalamento foi maior (P>0,05) no grupo Alto do que no grupo Baixo (359,4 ± 3,1 e 331,4 ± 3,5, respectivamente). Em um rebanho de novilhas Braford de 24 meses, pequenas variações na altura de garupa e frame não são capazes de afetar o desempenho reprodutivo das fêmeas. Mesmo havendo uma diferença superior a 25kg no início do acasalamento, as novilhas de diferentes tamanhos apresentaram desempenho reprodutivo igual(AU)

The objective of this study was evaluated the frame and hip height effects on reproductive performance in beef heifers. Sixty one twenty four months-old Braford heifers, in the same body condition score (BCS4 in a 1-5 scale) were allocated into two groups by hip height (Alto group between 129 a 135 cm and Baixo group between 118 e 128 cm) and into two groups by frame (Maior between 5.8 a 7.1 scores and Menor between 3.5 e 5.7 scores). The variables analyzed were heifers exhibited ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy frequency and prebreeding weight. There were no significant effect (P>0.05) of frame and hip height on heifers exhibited ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy frequency. The prebreeding weight was heavier (P<0.05) in the Alto group than in the Baixo group (359.4 ± 3.1 and 331.4 ± 3.5, respectively). In a 24 months-old Braford herd, small variation in hip height and frame do not affect the reproductive performance. Even with a 25 kg difference in the beginning of breeding season the heifers with different frame have same reproductive performance(AU)

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Com o objetivo de caracterizar o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de duas categorias de vacas de corte submetidas à indução/sincronização de estro, foram utilizadas 42 vacas em lactação e 60 vacas solteiras da raça Aberdeen Angus, de tamanho similar e condição corporal moderada (CC3, escala de 1 a 5), manejadas exclusivamente em campo nativo, no período de setembro de 2005 a abril de 2006 no município de Aceguá/RS. Para os exames ginecológicos durante o experimento, foi utilizado aparelho de ultra-som e palpação retal. Como fator fixo, foi considerada a categoria das vacas (CATV), considerando-se três grupos, vacas solteiras cíclicas (VSC), ou seja, fêmeas que falham em conceber e permanecem na propriedade até o próximo acasalamento, vacas em lactação em anestro superficial (VLAS) e vacas em lactação em anestro profundo (VLAP). Como variáveis resposta, foram considerados peso das vacas pré-acasalamento (PPRA), pós-acasalamento (PPOA), à concepção (PC), o ganho de peso médio diário durante o acasalamento (GMD), resposta ao protocolo de indução/sincronização de cio (RISC) e gestação. A categoria da vaca demonstrou efeito (P<0,0001) sobre as variáveis de peso, em que as VSC apresentaram um melhor desempenho ponderal do que VLAS e VLAP. A RISC demonstrou ser altamente influenciada (P<0,0001) pela categoria de vaca, em que 85, 45 e 35 por cento das vacas responderam à indução/sincronização de cio nos grupos VSC, VLAS e VLAP, respectivamente. A gestação apresentou diferença (P<0,0001) entre VSC e vacas em lactação, com 96,7, 45,5 e 30,0 por cento, nos respectivos grupos VSC, VLAS e VLAP. Vacas solteiras apresentam um desempenho reprodutivo superior ao de vacas em lactação, evidenciado pela maior resposta ao protocolo de indução/sincronização de estro e índice de gestação. Contudo, 24 por cento das vacas em lactação parecem estar bem adaptadas ao sistema de produção, demonstrando um desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo satisfatório à produção...

The objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive performance of two cow categories submitted to estrus induction/synchronization. Forty two suckling and sixty non-suckling, Aberdeen Angus cows classified by uniformity of size and moderate body condition score (CC3 in a 1 to 5 scale), raised under range conditions in Aceguá/RS county, were evaluated between September 2005 and April 2006. The gynecological examination was made by ultrasonography and rectal palpation. Fixed factors analyzed were cow category alocated in one of three groups: cyclical non-suckling (VSC), cows that fail to conceive and remain in the farm until the next breeding season showing cyclical conditions, suckling light anestrus cow (VLAS) and suckling strong anestrus cows (VLAP). The following variables were evaluated: cow prebreeding weight (PPRA), at postbreeding (PPOA), at conception (PC), daily weight gain from breeding season (GMD), estrus induction/synchronization response (RISC) and pregnancy. Cow category showed effect (P<0.0001) on weight performance, where VSC showed better productive performance relate to the VLAS and VLAP groups. The RISC showed an affect for cow category (P<0.0001) in with 85, 45 e 35 percent, of animals in groups VSC, VLAS and VLAP respectively, responded to the estrus induction/synchronization protocol. The pregnancy rate showed difference (P<0.0001) between VSC and suckling cows, with 96.7, 45.5 e 30.0 percent in VSC, VLAS and VLAP, respectively. VSC showed better reproductive performance than suckling cows by showing better RISC and pregnancy rates. However, 24 percent of suckling cows showed superior adaptation, demonstrating a satisfactory productive and reproductive performance in beef cattle range system, with adequate milk yeld for the development of their calves and to conceive again. The indentification of such animals could influence positively the reproductive performance of suckling beef cows.

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Com o objetivo de caracterizar o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de duas categorias de vacas de corte submetidas à indução/sincronização de estro, foram utilizadas 42 vacas em lactação e 60 vacas solteiras da raça Aberdeen Angus, de tamanho similar e condição corporal moderada (CC3, escala de 1 a 5), manejadas exclusivamente em campo nativo, no período de setembro de 2005 a abril de 2006 no município de Aceguá/RS. Para os exames ginecológicos durante o experimento, foi utilizado aparelho de ultra-som e palpação retal. Como fator fixo, foi considerada a categoria das vacas (CATV), considerando-se três grupos, vacas solteiras cíclicas (VSC), ou seja, fêmeas que falham em conceber e permanecem na propriedade até o próximo acasalamento, vacas em lactação em anestro superficial (VLAS) e vacas em lactação em anestro profundo (VLAP). Como variáveis resposta, foram considerados peso das vacas pré-acasalamento (PPRA), pós-acasalamento (PPOA), à concepção (PC), o ganho de peso médio diário durante o acasalamento (GMD), resposta ao protocolo de indução/sincronização de cio (RISC) e gestação. A categoria da vaca demonstrou efeito (P<0,0001) sobre as variáveis de peso, em que as VSC apresentaram um melhor desempenho ponderal do que VLAS e VLAP. A RISC demonstrou ser altamente influenciada (P<0,0001) pela categoria de vaca, em que 85, 45 e 35 por cento das vacas responderam à indução/sincronização de cio nos grupos VSC, VLAS e VLAP, respectivamente. A gestação apresentou diferença (P<0,0001) entre VSC e vacas em lactação, com 96,7, 45,5 e 30,0 por cento, nos respectivos grupos VSC, VLAS e VLAP. Vacas solteiras apresentam um desempenho reprodutivo superior ao de vacas em lactação, evidenciado pela maior resposta ao protocolo de indução/sincronização de estro e índice de gestação. Contudo, 24 por cento das vacas em lactação parecem estar bem adaptadas ao sistema de produção, demonstrando um desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo satisfatório à produção...(AU)

The objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive performance of two cow categories submitted to estrus induction/synchronization. Forty two suckling and sixty non-suckling, Aberdeen Angus cows classified by uniformity of size and moderate body condition score (CC3 in a 1 to 5 scale), raised under range conditions in Aceguá/RS county, were evaluated between September 2005 and April 2006. The gynecological examination was made by ultrasonography and rectal palpation. Fixed factors analyzed were cow category alocated in one of three groups: cyclical non-suckling (VSC), cows that fail to conceive and remain in the farm until the next breeding season showing cyclical conditions, suckling light anestrus cow (VLAS) and suckling strong anestrus cows (VLAP). The following variables were evaluated: cow prebreeding weight (PPRA), at postbreeding (PPOA), at conception (PC), daily weight gain from breeding season (GMD), estrus induction/synchronization response (RISC) and pregnancy. Cow category showed effect (P<0.0001) on weight performance, where VSC showed better productive performance relate to the VLAS and VLAP groups. The RISC showed an affect for cow category (P<0.0001) in with 85, 45 e 35 percent, of animals in groups VSC, VLAS and VLAP respectively, responded to the estrus induction/synchronization protocol. The pregnancy rate showed difference (P<0.0001) between VSC and suckling cows, with 96.7, 45.5 e 30.0 percent in VSC, VLAS and VLAP, respectively. VSC showed better reproductive performance than suckling cows by showing better RISC and pregnancy rates. However, 24 percent of suckling cows showed superior adaptation, demonstrating a satisfactory productive and reproductive performance in beef cattle range system, with adequate milk yeld for the development of their calves and to conceive again. The indentification of such animals could influence positively the reproductive performance of suckling beef cows.(AU)

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sobrevida e fatores clínico-patológicos relacionados ao adenocarcinoma de reto. METODOLOGIA: Foram revisados 112 prontuários de pacientes com adenocarcinoma de reto quanto a: idade, sexo, antígeno carcino-embriônico, curabilidade da cirurgia, seguimento, recidiva, sobrevida e histopatologia do tumor. Para análise da sobrevida, utilizou-se o método de Kaplan-Meyer. Nas análises bivariada e estratificada, P <0,05 foi significativo. No modelo multivariado, utilizou-se um IC de 90 por cento. RESULTADOS: O seguimento mediano foi de 35,27 meses (14,5 - 57,63). A sobrevida em 5 anos foi de 51 por cento. Sessenta e quatro pacientes (57 por cento) apresentaram recidiva; 45 (40 por cento) faleceram da neoplasia; 68 por cento dos tumores estendiam-se até os tecidos perirretais; e 67 pacientes tinham linfonodos positivos (30 por cento em cada, N1 e N2). Quatorze pacientes eram estágio D; 55, C1 e C2; 15, B2; e 28, B1 e A. O risco de óbito aumentou entre os casos com: estágios avançados, tumores mais invasivos e menos diferenciados, envolvimento linfonodal (N2>N1) e recidiva. A classificação de Dukes e a diferenciação tumoral foram fatores prognósticos independentes, bem como a penetração do tumor na parede retal e o comprometimento linfonodal, quando excluída a classificação histopatológica. CONCLUSÃO: Além da diferenciação tumoral, os fatores prognósticos identificados correspondem aos níveis dos sistemas de estadiamento vigentes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate survival and clinicopathological factors in rectal adenocarcinoma, the records of 112 patients were reviewed for: age, gender, serum level of CEA, surgery curability, follow-up, recurrence, survival and tumor histopathology. Kaplan-Meyer curves were used to analyze survival. Statistical significance in bivariate and stratified analysis was set at P < 0.05. In the multivariate model, a 90 percent confidence interval was considered significant. Median follow-up was 35 (14 - 57) months. Five-year survival rate was 51 percent. Sixty-four patients (57 percent) had recurrence; 45 (40 percent) died from neoplasia, 68 percent tumors extended to perirectal tissues and 67 had positive lymph nodes (30 percent each, N1 and N2). Fourteen patients were Dukes D stage; 55 were C1 and C2; 15 were B2; and 28 were B1 and A. Death increased significantly with tumor progression stages (P<0.001), tumor depth (P=0.013) and grade (P=0.009), lymph node involvement (N2>N1, P<0.001) and recurrence (P<0.001). Independent prognostic factors were Dukes stages and tumor grade (P=0.089), as well as depth of invasion and lymph node involvement when Dukes staging was excluded (P=0.091 and <0.001). Besides tumor grade, the prognostic factors identified meet classification levels in current staging systems.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive performance of two cow categories submitted to estrus induction/synchronization. Forty two suckling and sixty non-suckling, Aberdeen Angus cows classified by uniformity of size and moderate body condition score (CC3 in a 1 to 5 scale), raised under range conditions in Aceguá/RS county, were evaluated between September 2005 and April 2006. The gynecological examination was made by ultrasonography and rectal palpation. Fixed factors analyzed were cow category alocated in one of three groups: cyclical non-suckling (VSC), cows that fail to conceive and remain in the farm until the next breeding season showing cyclical conditions, suckling light anestrus cow (VLAS) and suckling strong anestrus cows (VLAP). The following variables were evaluated: cow prebreeding weight (PPRA), at postbreeding (PPOA), at conception (PC), daily weight gain from breeding season (GMD), estrus induction/synchronization response (RISC) and pregnancy. Cow category showed effect (P 0.0001) on weight performance, where VSC showed better productive performance relate to the VLAS and VLAP groups. The RISC showed an affect for cow category (P 0.0001) in with 85, 45 e 35%, of animals in groups VSC, VLAS and VLAP respectively, responded to the estrus induction/synchronization protocol. The pregnancy rate showed difference (P 0.0001) between VSC and suckling cows, with 96.7, 45.5 e 30.0% in VSC, VLAS and VLAP, respectively. VSC showed better reproductive performance than suckling cows by showing better RISC and pregnancy rates. However, 24% of suckling cows showed superior adaptation, demonstrating a satisfactory productive and reproductive performance in beef cattle range system, with adequate milk yeld for the development of their calves and to conceive again. The indentification of such animals could influence positively the reproductive performance of suckling beef cows.

Com o objetivo de caracterizar o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de duas categorias de vacas de corte submetidas à indução/sincronização de estro, foram utilizadas 42 vacas em lactação e 60 vacas solteiras da raça Aberdeen Angus, de tamanho similar e condição corporal moderada (CC3, escala de 1 a 5), manejadas exclusivamente em campo nativo, no período de setembro de 2005 a abril de 2006 no município de Aceguá/RS. Para os exames ginecológicos durante o experimento, foi utilizado aparelho de ultra-som e palpação retal. Como fator fixo, foi considerada a categoria das vacas (CATV), considerando-se três grupos, vacas solteiras cíclicas (VSC), ou seja, fêmeas que falham em conceber e permanecem na propriedade até o próximo acasalamento, vacas em lactação em anestro superficial (VLAS) e vacas em lactação em anestro profundo (VLAP). Como variáveis resposta, foram considerados peso das vacas pré-acasalamento (PPRA), pós-acasalamento (PPOA), à concepção (PC), o ganho de peso médio diário durante o acasalamento (GMD), resposta ao protocolo de indução/sincronização de cio (RISC) e gestação. A categoria da vaca demonstrou efeito (P 0,0001) sobre as variáveis de peso, em que as VSC apresentaram um melhor desempenho ponderal do que VLAS e VLAP. A RISC demonstrou ser altamente influenciada (P 0,0001) pela categoria de vaca, em que 85, 45 e 35% das vacas responderam à indução/sincronização de cio nos grupos VSC, VLAS e VLAP, respectivamente. A gestação apresentou diferença (P 0,0001) entre VSC e vacas em lactação, com 96,7, 45,5 e 30,0%, nos respectivos grupos VSC, VLAS e VLAP. Vacas solteiras apresentam um desempenho reprodutivo superior ao de vacas em lactação, evidenciado pela maior resposta ao protocolo de indução/sincronização de estro e índice de gestação. Contudo, 24% das vacas em lactação parecem estar bem adaptadas ao sistema de produção, demonstrando um desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo satisfatório à produção de bovinos de corte, sendo capazes de produzir adequadamente leite para o desenvolvimento dos terneiros, bem como conceber e produzir novamente um terneiro. A identificação desses animais pode influenciar positivamente o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas de corte em lactação.