Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Servicios de Planificación Familiar/organización & administración , Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria/organización & administración , Perfil Laboral , Rol del Médico , Médicos de Familia/psicología , Estonia , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
A survey on sex education and contraceptive methods was carried out within a monthly EMOR Omnibus Survey. By using a questionnaire, knowledge and attitudes, as well as the main sources of information on contraceptive methods and sex education, among the Estonian adult population (n = 618) was investigated. Of the respondents, 68% were female and 32% were males: the mean age was 34 years. Almost all respondents expressed the opinion that sex education should start at school and that education on contraceptive methods would reduce the number of abortions. The majority of the respondents believed that it would be more convenient to visit a family doctor than a gynecologist for family planning. Main sources of information on contraception were: literature, doctors and journals, as rated by females; and literature, partners and television, as rated by males. The roles of the school nurse, father and siblings were rated as comparatively small. The level of respondents' knowledge of contraceptive methods was not too high. It is concluded that the prerequisites for changing sexual behavior and knowledge over a short time are wider use of mass media and better sex education at schools. Also, it is necessary to prepare family doctors to offer family planning services to their patients.
Asunto(s)
Anticoncepción/psicología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Educación Sexual , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estonia , Relaciones Familiares , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To find out how experienced primary care physicians working in different societies see themselves as doctors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Primary health care in Estonia and Finland. PARTICIPANTS: Estonian district doctors (n = 110) and Finnish specialists of general practice (n = 211). METHODS: In a postal questionnaire the respondents were asked to evaluate how well 18 different expressions described them as doctors on a 5-step scale from "1 = very poorly" to "5 = very well". RESULTS: Four of the five expressions that were thought most accurate and telling--"Listener", "Vocational doctor", "Helper", and "Family physician"--were the same in Estonia and Finland. CONCLUSIONS: Even though there are differences in health care systems, the self-images of primary care doctors in both countries were more or less consistent with the international definitions of the general practitioner's job and role.
Asunto(s)
Rol del Médico , Atención Primaria de Salud , Autoimagen , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Estonia , Femenino , Finlandia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare ratings of the necessity of drugs in the daily practice of experienced primary care doctors in Estonia and Finland to find out the differences and similarities in the therapeutic traditions of the two different societies. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all Estonian district doctors born in the 1940s and to all Finnish specialized general practitioners born in the 1940s, who then evaluated the necessity of the listed drugs on a visual analogue scale. The ratings, from 0 to 100, were entered into a computer, using a graphic tablet and a pressure sensitive pointer. RESULTS: The six most highly-evaluated drugs among the Estonian respondents were digoxin, glyceryl trinitrate, aspirin, calcium-channel blockers, beta-adrenoceptor blockers and frusemide; and among the Finnish general practitioners (GPs) were penicillin, insulin, glyceryl trinitrate, beta-adrenoceptor blockers, frusemide and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The ratings of 15 out of 33 drugs/drug groups were very similar both in Estonia and Finland. The biggest differences between the opinions of the Estonian and Finnish doctors appeared in the ratings regarding the necessity of antacids, cimetidine, insulin, sulphonylureas, reserpine. ACE inhibitors, oral contraceptives, penicillin, metronidazole, trimethoprim, indomethacin, phenobarbital and theophylline. CONCLUSION: The revealed differences are suggested to be related to the different health care systems (different task profiles of doctors, different pharmaceutical services), different education of doctors, different availability of drugs in the past and different prices, all of which influence therapeutic traditions.