RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: How body composition, specifically skeletal muscle mass, compares in Mexican elderly to other ethnic groups has not previously been reported. We tested the hypothesis that older adults from Northwest Mexico (Mex) would have similar total appendicular skeletal muscle (TASM) compared with New York dwelling Caucasians (Cauc) and African-Americans (AA). METHODS: Two hundred and eighty nine Mex (135 males and 154 females), 166 AA (36 males and 130 females) and 229 Cauc (64 males and 165 females), aged 60-98 years were assessed. Total and regional fat and lean tissues were measured by whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry where TASM is the sum of arm and leg bone-free and fat-free lean tissue. Differences in TASM were tested by ANCOVA, with age, height, and body mass index (BMI) as covariates. RESULTS: TASM adjusted for ethnicity, age, height and BMI, were 22.6 +/- 0.2 kg and 17.8 +/- 0.1 kg for males and females, respectively (p < 0.001). Among males with similar age, height, and BMI, Mex had less TASM compared with AA and Cauc (p < 0.001). Total body fat and truncal fat were higher (p < 0.001) and FFM lower (p < 0.001) in Mex compared to both AA and Cauc males after adjusting for age and BMI. Among females, Mex had higher total and truncal fat (p < 0.001) after adjusting for age and BMI, and significantly lower TASM (p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, height, and BMI compared to AA and Cauc females. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly Mex have a different body composition compared with AA and Cauc of a similar BMI and age. Mex have significantly less TASM with greater total and truncal fat. In the long-term, Mex elderly may be at greater risk for sarcopenic obesity compared to other ethnic groups.
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Americanos Mexicanos , Población Blanca , Absorciometría de Fotón , Tejido Adiposo/anatomía & histología , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Composición Corporal/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Obesidad/etnología , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/genéticaAsunto(s)
Composición Corporal , Calcio/análisis , Etnicidad , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Absorciometría de Fotón/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Asia/etnología , Población Negra , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculo Esquelético/química , New York , Radioisótopos de Potasio , Puerto Rico/etnología , Análisis de Regresión , Caracteres Sexuales , Población BlancaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in the prediction of total body water and fat free mass with the use of standard equations in assessing 20 prepubertal children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Total body water was measured by means of deuterium oxide dilution, fat free mass by means of total body dual X-ray absorptiometry, and BIA with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. The use of standard prediction equations resulted in substantial error. Regression equations using height and BIA resistance for estimating total body water and fat free mass were developed and appear to improve accuracy for prediction. This study suggests that total body water and fat free mass can be estimated in children with HIV by means of BIA equations specifically developed for use with this group of children.
Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal , Impedancia Eléctrica , Infecciones por VIH/fisiopatología , Tejido Adiposo , Agua Corporal , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pubertad , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
The latest data (NHANES III) from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) show that the black population has the highest proportion of overweight among all adult populations in the United States. The present study compared the body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent from dual-photon absorptiometry in 1,324 healthy adults aged 18 to 107 years recruited from four ethnic groups in the New York City area; 523 whites, 280 blacks, 267 Asians and 254 Puerto Ricans. Puerto Ricans had the largest BMI and the largest percent of subjects with body weight more than 120% of their ideal weight, and the largest fat percent of the four ethnic groups: 76% of Puerto Rican males had fat percent above the median value for white males (fat percent = 19.6%) and 95% of Puerto Rican females had fat percent above the median for white females (fat percent = 30.8%). Asians had the smallest BMI, but 63% of them had fat percent above the median values for whites in each gender. Puerto Ricans also had the largest waist-to-hip ratios among the four ethnic groups. In blacks, the percent of subjects with fat percent larger than the median for whites was slightly smaller than that for Puerto Ricans, 64% and 82% of males and females respectively. These results differ from the latest NCHS data and show that Puerto Ricans in this sample are heavier and fatter than blacks.