RESUMEN
Innovative and coordinated strategies to address weight bias among health professionals are urgently needed. We conducted a systematic literature review of empirical peer-reviewed published studies to assess the impact of interventions designed to reduce weight bias in students or professionals in a health-related field. Combination sets of keywords based on three themes (1: weight bias/stigma; 2: obesity/overweight; 3: health professional) were searched within nine databases. Our search yielded 1447 individual records, of which 17 intervention studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 15) included medical, dietetic, health promotion, psychology and kinesiology students, while the minority included practicing health professionals (n = 2). Studies utilized various bias-reduction strategies. Many studies had methodological weaknesses, including short assessment periods, lack of randomization, lack of control group and small sample sizes. Although many studies reported changes in health professionals' beliefs and knowledge about obesity aetiology, evidence of effectiveness is poor, and long-term effects of intervention strategies on weight bias reduction remain unknown. The findings highlight the lack of experimental research to reduce weight bias among health professionals. Although changes in practice will likely require multiple strategies in various sectors, well-designed trials are needed to test the impact of interventions to decrease weight bias in healthcare settings.
Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud , Sobrepeso , Estigma Social , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , HumanosRESUMEN
In an outbreak of pharyngitis caused by group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes in a boarding school of 261 pupils and 45 staff, 14 cases and 16 asymptomatic carriers were identified in pupils and one case was a member of staff. One symptomatic pupil had negative swabs. Two pupils had recurrent S. pyogenes pharyngitis before the outbreak. The attack rate was significantly greater in two dormitories than in the other seven. Swabs were taken from all staff and pupils, and the outbreak was controlled by treating all carriers and cases. Environmental factors enhancing airborne transmission were considered. The two dormitories with the most cases were poorly ventilated.