RESUMEN
This study aims to investigate longitudinal associations between the dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and changes in glycemic and cardio-metabolic outcomes. A 28-month retrospective cohort study included 110 Vietnamese diabetic patients, collecting their dietary GI and GL values along with blood biochemical data from baseline 24-h dietary recall and medical records. Latent class growth modelling identified three distinct HbA1c trajectories during the follow-up period, with 51% of patients achieving good glycemic control. The adjusted linear mixed-effect model showed that 1 unit increase in logarithms in dietary GL was associated with a 0.14% increase in the log-HbA1c. Among poorly controlled diabetic patients, baseline GL values were positively correlated with increases in HbA1c; GI showed effects on changes in fasting plasma glucose and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. No significant association was observed in patients with good glycemic control.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Glucemia , Dieta , Hemoglobina Glucada , Índice Glucémico , Carga Glucémica , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Glucemia/metabolismo , Glucemia/análisis , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Biomarcadores/sangre , Anciano , Vietnam , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Longitudinales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre , Control Glucémico/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity is a severe global health issue in both developed and developing nations. This study aims to estimate the national prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in Vietnam. METHOD: We conducted a national cross-sectional study on 2788 children aged from 11-14 years old from September to November 2018. We applied the WHO 2007 and IOTF criteria to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among participants. Poison regression analysis with cluster sampling adjustment was employed to assess associated factors with obesity and overweight. Metadata on sociodemographic characteristics, physical measurements, and lifestyle behaviors were also extracted to investigate these factors in association with overweight and obesity prevalence. RESULTS: The prevalences of overweight and obesity in Vietnamese children were 17.4% and 8.6%, respectively by WHO Z-score criteria, and 17.1% and 5.4%, according to the IOTF reference. Using WHO Z-score yielded a higher prevalence of obesity than the IOTF and CDC criteria of all ages and both sexes. The proportions of overweight and obesity were substantially higher among boys than girls across ages. Parental BMI was shown to be a significant factor associated with overweight/obesity status in both girls and boys. Only for boys, age (PR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.90) and belonging to ethnic minorities (PR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.76) were significant risk factors for overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Vietnam, especially in boys.