RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax), Knoop hardness (KHN) and yellowing (b-value) of resin composites formulated with phenylpropanedione (PPD), camphorquinone (CQ), or CQ/PPD at different concentrations. The hypotheses tested were (i) PPD or CQ/PPD would produce less Rpmax and yellowing than CQ alone without affecting DC and KHN, and (ii) Rpmax, DC, and KHN would be directly related to the absorbed power density (PDabs). METHODS: CQ/amine, PPD/amine and CQ/PPD/amine were used at low, intermediate and high concentrations in experimental composites. Photoinitiator absorption and halogen-light emission were measured using a spectrophotometer, Rp with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), DC with DSC and FTIR, KHN with Knoop indentation; and color with a chromameter. The results were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Student-Newman-Keul's test (p<0.05). Correlation tests were carried out between PDabs and each of DC, Rpmax and KHN. RESULTS: The PDabs increased with photoinitiator concentration and PPD samples had the lowest values. In general, maximum DC was comparable at intermediate concentration, while Rpmax and KHN required higher concentrations. DC was similar for all photoinitiators, but Rpmax was lower with PPD and CQ/PPD. PPD produced the lowest KHN. Yellowing increased with photoinitiator concentration. PPD did not reduce yellowing at intermediate and/or high concentrations, compared to CQ-formulations. PDabs showed significant correlations with DC, Rpmax and KHN. CONCLUSION: PPD or CQ/PPD reduced Rpmax in experimental composites without affecting the DC. The use of PPD did not reduce yellowing, but reduced KHN. DC, Rpmax and KHN were dependent on PDabs.
Asunto(s)
Resinas Compuestas/química , Materiales Dentales/química , Ácido 4-Aminobenzoico/química , Ácido 4-Aminobenzoico/efectos de la radiación , Absorción , Bisfenol A Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Bisfenol A Glicidil Metacrilato/efectos de la radiación , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Chalconas/química , Chalconas/efectos de la radiación , Color , Resinas Compuestas/efectos de la radiación , Materiales Dentales/efectos de la radiación , Dureza , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Polietilenglicoles/química , Polietilenglicoles/efectos de la radiación , Polímeros/química , Polímeros/efectos de la radiación , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/efectos de la radiación , Dosis de Radiación , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/efectos de la radiación , para-AminobenzoatosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to verify the influence of curing methods on contraction stress, stress rate and degree of conversion (DC) of a restorative composite at two C-factor levels. METHODS: For the stress test, composite was applied between two for 15 min from diameter glass rods mounted in a servohydraulic machine, and stress was monitored for 10 min from the beginning of light curing. Stress rates were calculated as the change in stress versus time at each second. DC was measured by micro-FTIR. Four curing methods were tested at two C-factor levels (1.5 and 3.0): continuous light (CL), soft-start (SS) and two pulse delay methods using different initial irradiances--150 mW/cm(2) (PD150) and 80 mW/cm(2) (PD80). Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: For the stress test, at CF 1.5, PD80 presented the lowest mean value, statistically different from the others. PD150 also showed a mean value statistically inferior to CL. At CF 3.0, no statistical difference was observed among CL, SS and PD150. PD80 presented statistically lower stress values compared to CL and SS. Stress values at CF 3.0 were statistically higher than those at CF 1.5 for all curing methods. CL presented the highest maximum stress rate, followed by SS, PD150 and PD80, for both C-factors. In the DC test, no difference was observed among the methods and between the C-factor levels. SIGNIFICANCE: Modulated curing methods were shown to be effective in reducing contraction stress rate, without compromising the DC of the restorative composite. C-factor was shown to influence negatively the stress rate and the amount of stress generated.
Asunto(s)
Resinas Compuestas/química , Resinas Compuestas/efectos de la radiación , Análisis del Estrés Dental , Análisis de Varianza , Adaptación Marginal Dental , Luz , Ensayo de Materiales , Transición de Fase , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect of testing system compliance on polymerization stress and stress distribution of composites. METHODS: Composites tested were Filtek Z250 (FZ), Herculite (HL), Tetric Ceram (TC), Helio Fill-AP (HF) and Heliomolar (HM). Stress was determined in 1-mm thick specimens, inserted between two rods of either poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, or glass. Experimental nominal stress (sigmaexp) was calculated by dividing the maximum force recorded 5 min after photoactivation by the cross-sectional area of the rod. Composites' elastic modulus (E) was obtained by three-point bending. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). Stress distribution on longitudinal (sigmay) and transverse (sigmax) axes of models representing the composites with the highest and lowest E (FZ and HM, respectively) were evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA). RESULTS: sigmaexp ranged from 5.5 to 8.8 MPa in glass and from 2.6 to 3.4 MPa in PMMA. Composite ranking was not identical in both substrates, since FZ showed sigmaexp statistically higher than HM in glass, while in PMMA FZ showed values similar to the other composites. A strong correlation was found between stress reduction (%) from glass to PMMA and composite's E (r2=0.946). FEA revealed that system compliance was influenced by the composite (FZ led to higher compliance than HM). sigmax distribution was similar in both substrates, while sigmay distribution showed larger areas of compressive stresses in specimens built on PMMA. SIGNIFICANCE: sigmaexp determined in PMMA was 53-68% lower than in glass. Composite ranking varied slightly due to differences in substrates' longitudinal and transverse deformation.