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The BRICS Forum, an independent international organization encouraging commercial, political, and cultural cooperation between Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, was formed in 2011, and these countries have a significant influence on their regional affairs. These nations were hit by COVID-19 at different times, and all adopted home quarantine to reduce the spread of the virus. We present a comparative analysis of actions of psychology and potential outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in BRICS nations regarding five aspects: psychology in health policies, social roles of psychology, socioeconomic context, actions for the general population, and health professionals during stage 1 of the pandemic, and possible actions in stage 2. Various types of actions were taken by psychologists in BRICS, with different levels of coordinated cooperation with respective governmental and non-governmental organizations, multiple and parallel efforts from different scientific societies, and professional regulatory agencies. Scientific societies have had an important role in coordinating some of these efforts, especially because they congregate the psychologists from different parts of these countries, improving communication and access to key information. The aim of these actions varies from improving situational skills and competences to increase the accessibility of psychological services and provide psychoeducation and telepsychology. We will consider the social importance of these actions within these countries as a global opportunity for psychology to stage in a complex context involving human health. The way psychology in BRICS will face this challenging situation is likely to produce important regional influence, stimulate scientific contribution, and increase the accessibility of psychology.

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O consumo de álcool, tabaco e de drogas ilícitas na adolescência pode aumentar o risco de dependência futura, associar-se a uma série de comportamentos de risco e levar ao desenvolvimento de problemas emocionais e de comportamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil de consumo de álcool e outras drogas por adolescentes oriundos de uma amostra rural e analisar possíveis associações entre o consumo, as variáveis cooperação, conflito e triangulação coparental, coesão familiar, conflito pais-filhos e problemas emocionais e de comportamento. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com 126 adolescentes de escolas municipais e estaduais do Sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e as escalas Faces III, ECPF, CIPA, YSR e ASSIST. Análises descritivas e inferenciais apontaram que 49,2% dos adolescentes já haviam usado álcool e 8,7%, tabaco. O uso de álcool correlacionou-se aos conflitos com a mãe e o de maconha aos conflitos com o pai. Cooperação coparental (pai) foi fator de proteção para uso de álcool, enquanto a intensidade do conflito adolescente-pai e o conflito coparental pai-mãe foram fatores de risco. Os dados são discutidos à luz da literatura científica considerando sua relevância social e clínica. Direções em que podem seguir investigações futuras são sugeridas.

Consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in adolescence may increase the risk of future dependence, be associated with a range of risk behaviors, and lead to the development of emotional and behavioral problems. The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of use of alcohol and other drugs by adolescents from a rural sample and to analyze possible associations between consumption, the variables cooperation, co-parental conflict and triangulation, family cohesion, parent-child conflict, and emotional and behavioral problems. It is a descriptive study with 126 adolescents of municipal and state schools in Southern Brazil. A sociodemographic survey was employed, as well as Faces III, ECPF, CIPA, YSR and ASSIST scales. Inferential and descriptive analyses found that 49.2% of the adolescents had used alcohol, and 8.7%, tobacco. Alcohol use was correlated to conflicts with the mother, and marijuana use to those with the father. The father's co-parental cooperation was a protection factor for alcohol consumption, whereas the intensity of an adolescent's conflict with the father and the parents' co-parental conflict were risk factors. The data are discussed in view of the scientific literature and taking into account its social and clinical relevance. Directions for further investigation are suggested.

El consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas en la adolescencia puede aumentar el riesgo de dependencia futura, asociarse a una serie de comportamientos de riesgo y conducir al desarrollo de problemas emocionales y de comportamiento. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido caracterizar el perfil del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en adolescentes de una muestra rural y analizar posibles asociaciones entre el consumo, las variables cooperación, conflicto y triangulación coparental, cohesión familiar, conflicto entre padres e hijos y los problemas emocionales y de comportamiento. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva con 126 adolescentes de escuelas municipales y estatales del Sur de Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y las escalas Faces III, ECPF, CIPA, YSR y ASSIST. Análisis descriptivas e inferenciales fueran llevado a cabo y apuntaron que el 49,2% de los adolescentes usaron alcohol y el 8,7%, tabaco. El uso de alcohol se correlacionó con los conflictos con la madre y la marihuana a los conflictos con el padre. La cooperación coparental (padre) ha sido factor de protección para el uso de alcohol, y la intensidad del conflicto adolescente-padre y el conflicto coparental padre-madre fueron factores de riesgo. Los datos son discutidos de acuerdo con la literatura científica considerando su relevancia social y clínica. Direcciones en las que pueden seguir investigaciones futuras se sugieren.

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Abstract Objective: It is known that alcohol use has increased both nationally and internationally. The present study was designed to evaluate the extent to wich sociodemographic characteristics, school performance, pattern of consumption and emotional health can predict the variable of interest, recent alcohol use, defined as the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the past 30 days, among adolescents from public schools in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil. Methods: This was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study of 124 students, 70 girls and 54 boys, aged 11 to 18 years. Participants were assessed in the classroom and completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Youth Self Report, and a questionnaire on drug use. Results: The variable with the greatest impact on recent alcohol use was total internalizing problems, anxiety/depression, and female sex. First alcohol use at 15 years or younger as well as school failure were also able to predict alcohol use. Conclusion: the data confirm the multidimensionality of the phenomenon that should be considered in prevention campaigns.

Resumo Objetivo: sabe-se que o consumo de álcool entre adolescentes tem se intensificado no contexto nacional e internacional e em função disso o presente estudo foi concebido para avaliar em que medida variáveis como características sociodemográficas, desempenho escolar, padrão de consumo e saúde emocional podem predizer a variável de interesse, consumo recente de álcool, definido como consumo de bebidas alcoólicas nos últimos 30 dias, entre adolescentes de escolas públicas da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com delineamento observacional-analítico, do qual participaram 124 escolares, 69 meninas e 55 meninos, com idades entre 11 e 18 anos. Todos foram acessados em sala de aula para responderem ao Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos, Youth Self Report e Questionário sobre o uso de drogas. Resultados: as variáveis com maior impacto no consumo recente de álcool foram o total dos problemas de internalização, ansiedade/depressão e sexo feminino. Ter feito uso de álcool com 15 anos ou menos e reprovação escolar também foram capazes de predizer o uso de álcool. Conclusão: os dados confirmam a multidimensionalidade do fenômeno que deve ser considerada em campanhas de prevenção.

Resumen Objetivo: se sabe que el consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes se ha intensificado en el contexto nacional e internacional. En función de ello el presente estudio fue concebido para evaluar en qué medida variables como las características socio-demográficas, el rendimiento escolar, patrón de consumo y la salud emocional pueden predecir la variable de interés, el consumo reciente de alcohol, definido como el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en los últimos 30 días, entre adolescentes de escuelas públicas de la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre / Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, con delineamiento observacional-analítico, del cual participaron 124 escolares, 69 niñas y 55 niños, con edades entre 11 y 18 años. Todos fueron accedidos en el aula para responder al Cuestionario de Datos Sociodemográficos, Youth Self Report y Cuestionario sobre el uso de drogas. Resultados: las variables con mayor impacto en lo consumo reciente de alcohol fueron el total de los problemas de internalización, ansiedad/depresión y sexo femenino. Haber hecho uso de alcohol con 15 años o menos y reprobación escolar también fue capaces de predecir el uso de alcohol. Conclusión: los datos confirman lo fenómeno multidimensional que debe ser considerado en campañas de prevención.

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Background: Early detection of breast cancer (BC) is important to reduce mortality rates. To prevent BC, women should adopt self-care behaviors. This study aimed at examining risk and illness perception and self-care of healthy women regarding breast cancer. Methods: Participants were 211 women (M=59.11 years, SD=8.54) and with no personal history of the illness, selected by convenience. Measures were a sociodemographic, clinical and health behavior questionnaire, illness perception and risk perception questionnaires. Nonparametric statistics (Spearman) was employed to analyze the relationship between illness perception, risk perception and sociodemographic variables. The open answers to the causes of the illness were classified according to the content analysis. Results: We found a relationship between risk and illness perception and self-care in healthy women regarding BC. It was identified that women had reasonable illness coherence (M=3.18) and considered the illness more timeline chronic than timeline acute (M=3.22), reasonable timeline cyclical (M=3.56), with severe consequences for health (M=4.22), and reasonably threatening (M=3.15). Conclusions: BC and risk perception and self-care are interrelated variables among healthy women.

Introdução: A detecção precoce do câncer de mama (CM) é importante para reduzir as taxas de mortalidade. Para preveni-lo, a mulher deve adotar comportamentos de autocuidado em saúde. Esse estudo objetiva examinar a percepção de risco, a percepção da doença e o autocuidado de mulheres saudáveis com relação ao CM. Método: Participaram 211 mulheres (M=59,11 anos; DP=8,54) sem histórico de CM selecionados por conveniência. Os instrumentos foram questionário de dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e de comportamento em saúde, questionários de percepção da doença e percepção de risco. Estatística não paramétrica (Spearman) foi utilizada para analisar a relação entre percepção da doença, percepção de risco e variáveis sociodemográficas. As respostas abertas sobre as causas da doença foram classificadas segundo análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Observou-se que existe relação entre a percepção de risco e da doença, e autocuidado em mulheres saudáveis. Identificou-se que as mulheres têm razoável percepção de entendimento da doença (M=3.18), a consideravam mais crônica que aguda (M=3.22), razoavelmente cíclica (M=3,56), com consequências graves à saúde (M=4,22), e relativamente ameaçadora (M=3,15). Conclusões: A percepção do CM, a percepção de risco e o autocuidado são variáveis inter-relacionadas em mulheres saudáveis.

Introducción: La detección precoz del câncer de mama (CM) es importante para reducir los índices de mortalidade. Para prevenirlo, la mujer debe adoptar conductas de autocuidado en salud. El objetivo es examinar la percepción de riesgo, la percepción de la enfermedad y el autocuidado de mujeres sanas con relación al CM. Método: Participaron 211 mujeres (M=59,11 años; DP=8,54), sin histórico de CM seleccionadas por conveniencia. Los instrumentos fueron cuestionário de datos sociodeográficos, clínicos y de conductas em salud, cuestionários de percepción de la enfermedad y percepción de riesgo. Estadística no paramétrica (Spearman) ha sido utilizada para examinar la relación entre percepción de la enfermedad, de riesgo y variables sociodemográficas. Las preguntas abiertas sobre las causas de la enfermedad fueron clasificadas a través de análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se observó que existe relación entre percepción de riesgo y de la enfermedady el autocuidado em mujeres sanas. Se identifico que las mujeres tienen razonable percepción de comprehensión de la enfermedad (M=3,18), la consideran más crónica que aguda (M=3,22), razonablemente cíclioca (M=3,36), con consecuencias graves a la salud (M=4,22) y relativamente amenazadora (M=3,15). Conclusiones: la percepción del CM, la percepción de riesgo y el autocuidado son variables inter-relacionadas em mujeres sanas.

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O câncer de colo de útero (CCU) é o terceiro tumor mais incidente nas mulheres brasileiras, e as ações de prevenção primária podem reduzir a mortalidade pela doença. Profissionais devem buscar meios para que a comunicação em saúde seja efetiva, utilizando metodologias práticas e científicas. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o processo de elaboração de um material educativo produzido por profissionais da psicologia, enfermagem e design, direcionado a usuárias da atenção básica. O conteúdo do material foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa empírica sobre as percepções de mulheres e seus comportamentos frente ao CCU. A construção do material baseou-se nas teorias de autorregulação em saúde e no human-centered design. O produto deste estudo foi a confecção de uma cartilha em formato de flor, com quatro histórias que abarcam os principais conteúdos relacionados aos comportamentos de prevenção do CCU (AU).

Cervical cancer (CC) is the third most frequent tumor among Brazilian women, and primary prevention care can reduce mortality from the disease. Health professionals should seek resources for communication to be effective, using practical and scientific methodologies. The purpose of the paper is to describe the process of developing an educational booklet prepared by professionals of psychology, nursing and design, aimed at primary care users. The booklet content was produced starting from an empirical research on the perceptions of women and their behavior to deal the CC. The booklet construction was based on health self-regulation model and Human-centered design theories. The product of this study was the construction of a booklet flowershaped, with four stories covering the main factors related to the conduct of preventive CC.(AU).

El cáncer cervical (CC) es el tercer tumor más incidente en mujeres brasileñas, y acciones de prevención primaria pueden reducir la mortalidad por la enfermedad. Los profesionales deben buscar formas para que la comunicación en salud sea efectiva, utilizándose de metodologías prácticas y científicas. El objetivo del artículo es describir el proceso de elaboración de un material educativo producido por profesionales de psicología, enfermería y design, para usuarias de la atención básica. El contenido del material fue producido a partir de una investigación empírica sobre las percepciones de mujeres y sus conductas en relación al CC. La construcción del material fue basado en las teorías de autorregulación en salud y human-centred design. El producto fue la confección de una dobladura en forma de flor, con cuatro historias que engloban los principales contenidos relacionados a las conductas de prevención del CC (AU).

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Background: Breast cancer is the neoplasm with the highest mortality rates among Brazilian women. Family history plays an important role in tracking the illness because its analysis reveals possible genetic risks. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the risk perception and self-care for breast cancer among healthy women with and without family history. Method: The study included 211 women (mean age = 59.11 years, SD = 8.54) of which 55 (26.4%) had a family history of the illness. The instruments used were a sociodemographic and health behavior questionnaire and a risk perception questionnaire. Results and Conclusions: The results showed no significant differences in risk perception and self-care behavior among women with and without breast cancer history, signaling the need of guidelines for psychologists to act in breast cancer prevention among women with a family history, encompassing understanding of the risk factors and causes of the illness as well as women’s responsibility in tracking (AU)

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es el segundo tipo de neoplasia con más mortalidad entre las mujeres brasileñas. La historia familiar tiene un papel importante, pues su análisis permite identificar posibles riesgos genéticos. Objectivo: comparar la percepción de riesgo y el autocuidado del cáncer de mama en mujeres sanas con y sin historia familiar de la enfermedad. Método: Participaron 211 mujeres (edad media = 59,11 años, DT= 8,54), de las cuales 55 (26,4%) tenían historia familiar de la enfermedad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de conductas de salud y un cuestionario de percepción de riesgo. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que no existían diferencias significativas en la percepción de riesgo y conductas de autocuidado entre mujeres con y sin historia familiar de cáncer de mama, lo que señala la necesidad de protocolos de trabajo para los psicólogos en la prevención del cáncer de mama en mujeres con historia familiar de enfermedad oncológica, lo que incluye la comprensión de los factores de riesgo y las causas de la enfermedad, así como su responsabilidad en el seguimiento (AU)

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The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the effects of a pilot intervention on perceived stress, knowledge about hypertension, and illness perception among hypertensive and normotensive workers. The intervention consisted of two group sessions performed in the workplace aiming to reduce stress, increase knowledge about hypertension, and explore the effect on illness perception. The sessions included clinical aspects of systemic arterial hypertension, illness perception and health behavior, and strategies for stress management. Workers from a petrochemical industry (19 hypertensive and 14 normotensive) participated in the study by answering a biosociodemographic questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a quiz with questions about hypertension. The measurements were collected at an initial meeting to gather the participants and 90 days after the intervention. There was a significant reduction in the perceived stress levels of both groups, in addition to an increase in the perception of personal control and illness coherence. Normotensive workers also increased their knowledge about hypertension, while hypertensive patients increased the perception that treatment could control the illness. In conclusion, the pilot intervention generated positive effects and can be considered a strategy of illness prevention for normotensive workers and control for hypertensive patients.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the effects of a pilot intervention on perceived stress, knowledge about hypertension, and illness perception among hypertensive and normotensive workers. The intervention consisted of two group sessions performed in the workplace aiming to reduce stress, increase knowledge about hypertension, and explore the effect on illness perception. The sessions included clinical aspects of systemic arterial hypertension, illness perception and health behavior, and strategies for stress management. Workers from a petrochemical industry (19 hypertensive and 14 normotensive) participated in the study by answering a biosociodemographic questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a quiz with questions about hypertension. The measurements were collected at an initial meeting to gather the participants and 90 days after the intervention. There was a significant reduction in the perceived stress levels of both groups, in addition to an increase in the perception of personal control and illness coherence. Normotensive workers also increased their knowledge about hypertension, while hypertensive patients increased the perception that treatment could control the illness. In conclusion, the pilot intervention generated positive effects and can be considered a strategy of illness prevention for normotensive workers and control for hypertensive patients.

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Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório sobre a percepção de pacientes com câncer e a comunicação com sua equipe de saúde. Foram entrevistados 14 pacientes em tratamento oncológico em diferentes estágios da doença. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: ficha de dados sociodemográficos e entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas na íntegra. Os dados foram assim analisados: leitura inicial sem julgamentos ("naive"); análise estrutural e categorização do conteúdo; interpretação crítica e discussão. Dois juízes independentes avaliaramos conteúdos das entrevistas e realizou-se o índice de concordância (Kappa=0,834). Foram criadas três categorias sobre a comunicação: 1) comunicação técnica; 2) comunicação técnica com suporte emocional; 3) comunicação insuficiente. O embasamento psicanalítico utilizado ofereceu uma visão compreensiva dessa temática e uniu aspectos subjetivos do adoecimento com as evidências empíricas. Os resultados demonstraram que a comunicação com suporte emocional contribuiu para maior satisfação e saúde psicológica do paciente durante o tratamento oncológico. Sensação de bem-estar e amparo foram sentimentos apontados pelos pacientes ao experienciarem esse tipo de comunicação. A comunicação técnica com suporte emocional fornece ao paciente confiança na realidade e amplia a esperança na vida e conforto perante a morte. Percepções mais negativas em relação à comunicação com os profissionais de saúde estavam vinculadas às falhas na troca de informações, sensação de distanciamento emocional e ausência de interesse por aspectos pessoais do paciente.

This article discusses the findings of an exploratory qualitative study about patients' perceptions of communication with the health care team during chemotherapy. Interviews were conducted with 14 patients undergoing cancer treatment at different stages of the disease. The instruments used were: sociodemographic data sheet and semi-structured interview. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed regarding reading nonjudgmental; structural analysis and content categorization; critical interpretation and discussion. Two independent judges evaluated the interviews contents and evaluated concordance index (Kappa = 0.834). Three categories of communication were created: 1) Technical Communication; 2) Technical Communication with Emotional Support; 3) Insufficient communication. The psychoanalytic theory offered a comprehensive view of this issue and joined subjective aspects of illness with the empirical evidence. The results showed that communication with emotional support contributed to greater satisfaction and psychological health of the patient during cancer treatment. Wellness feeling and support feelings were mentioned by patients to refer this type of communication. The technical communication with emotional support provides the patient trust in reality and extends hope in life and comfort before death. More negative perceptions regarding communication with health professionals were linked to failures in the exchange of information, sense of emotional detachment and lack of interest on personal aspectsof the patient.

El presente artículo trata de un estudio cualitativo exploratorio sobre la percepción de pacientes concáncer y la comunicación con su equipo de salud. Se entrevistaron 14 pacientes en tratamiento para el cáncer en distintos niveles de gravedad de la enfermedad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: ficha de datos sociodemográficos y entrevista semiestructurada. Se grabaron las entrevistas en audio y transcriptas. Se analizaron dos datos de la siguiente manera: lectura inicial sin juicios; análisis estructural y categorización del contenido; interpretación crítica y discusión. Dos jueces independientes evaluaron los contenidos de las entrevistas y fue evaluado el índice de concordancia (Kappa = 0,834). Fueron creadas tres categorías sobre la comunicación: 1) Comunicación Técnica; 2) Comunicación Técnica con apoyo emocional; 3) Comunicación insuficiente. La teoría psicoanalítica ofreció una visión comprehensiva del tema e integró aspectos subjetivos de la enfermedad con las evidencias empíricas. Los resultados mostraron que la comunicación con apoyo emocional contribuyó para una mayor satisfacción y salud psicológica del paciente durante el tratamiento oncológico. La sensación de bienestar y amparo fueron sentimientos revelados por los pacientes a partir de la experiencia de este tipo de comunicación. La comunicación técnica con apoyo emocional da al paciente la confianza en la realidad y amplía la esperanza en la vida y el conforto delante de la muerte. Percepciones más negativas sobre la comunicación con los profesionales de salud estaban relacionadas a fallos en el cambio de informaciones, sentimiento de alejamiento emocional y ausencia de interés por los aspectos personales del paciente.

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Objetivo: explorar cualitativamente la comunicación entre profesionales sanitarios y pacientes con cáncer a partir de la percepción de los pacientes en tratamiento de quimioterapia. Método: diseño cualitativo y exploratorio. Participantes fueron 14 pacientes adultos con cáncer en quimioterapia en diferentes fases de la enfermedad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un protocolo de dato sociodemográficos y clínicos y una entrevista semi-estructurada. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas, y fue realizado análisis de contenido. Dos jueces independientes evaluaron el contenido de las entrevistas a partir de las categorías que aparecieron, y fue calculado el índice Kappa de 0,834. Resultados: Tres categorías fueron creadas a partir de los datos: 1) Comunicación técnica sin apoyo emocional, cuando la información dada es compuesta de forma estricta a las informaciones técnicas del diagnóstico, tratamiento y/o pronóstico; 2) Comunicación técnica, cuando la información está orientada a los aspectos técnicos de la condición física del paciente, mientras también es ofrecido apoyo emocional de acuerdo con las necesidades de los pacientes; y 3) Comunicación técnica insuficiente, cuando hay problemas en la información ofrecida y que causa confusión y sufrimiento al paciente. Conclusiones: comunicación con apoyo emocional contribuye para aumentar la satisfacción de pacientes en quimioterapia. Implicaciones practicas: los resultados fornecen elementos para la capacitación de profesionales sanitarios relacionados a la importancia del apoyo emocional que puede ser ofrecido a pacientes con cáncer durante su tratamiento

Purpose: To qualitatively explore the communication between healthcare professionals and oncology patients based on the perception of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method: Qualitative and exploratory design. Participants were 14 adult patients undergoing chemotherapy at different stages of the disease. A socio-demographic and clinical data form was utilized along with semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and content analysis was performed. Two independent judges evaluated the interview content in regards to emerging categories and obtained a Kappa index of 0.834. Results: Three categories emerged from the data: 1) Technical communication without emotional support, in which the information provided is composed of strictly technical information regarding the diagnosis, treatment and/or prognosis; 2) Technical communication, in which the information provided is oriented towards the technical aspects of the patient’s physical condition, while also providing psychological support for the patients’ subjective needs; and 3) Insufficient technical communication, win which there are gaps in the information provided causing confusion and suffering to the patient. Conclusions: Communication with emotional support contributes to greater satisfaction of chemotherapy patients. Practical implications: the results provide elements for the training of healthcare professionals regarding the importance of the emotional support that can be offered to cancer patients during their treatment

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Objetivo: investigar a relação entre percepção da doença, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) e sintomatologia pós-traumática em mães de sobreviventes de câncer infantil. Método: ex post facto. Participantes: 16 mães com média de idade de 41,87 anos (DP=8,68). Os questionários sobre percepção da doença (Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Healthy People [IPQ-RH]) e TEPT (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version [PCL-C]) foram respondidos através de uma plataforma digital. Resultados: segundo os critérios de avaliação do PCL-C, oito mães (50%) apresentaram indicadores diagnósticos de TEPT. Em relação à sintomatologia pós-traumática, 13 mães (81,25%) apresentaram excitabilidade aumentada, 12 (75%) revivência e oito (50%) evitação. O escore global do PCL-C foi de 43 pontos (DP=14,76), indicando nível moderado de sintomas de TEPT. No IPQ-RH, a dimensão representação emocional correlacionou-se positivamente com a revivência (r=0,615; p<0,05), evitação (r=0,679; p<0,01) e a média total do PCL-C (r=0,631; p<0,01). A percepção de controle pessoal correlacionou-se negativamente com a evitação (r=-0,673; p<0,01). Conclusões: a experiência de ter um filho com câncer repercute negativamente na saúde emocional das mães, tornando-as uma população vulnerável ao estresse, principalmente quando têm uma representação emocional muito negativa da doença.

Objective: to investigate the relationship among illness perception, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic symptomatology in mothers of childhood cancer survivors. Method: ex post facto design. Participants: 16 mothers with a mean age of 41.87 years old (SD=8.68). The instruments used regarding the illness perception (Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Healthy People [IPQ-RH]) and PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version [PCL-C]) were answered through a digital platform. Results: According to the evaluation criteria of the PCL-C, eight mothers (50%) obtained PTSD diagnosis indicators. Regarding the posttraumatic symptomatology, 13 mothers (81.25%) presented increased arousal, 12 (75%) reliving and eight (50%) avoidance. Considering the global score of the PCL-C, the average was 43 points (SD=14.76), indicating moderate level of PTSD indicators. Regarding the IPQ-RH, emotional representation dimension correlated positively with reliving (r=.615; p<.05), avoidance (r=.679; p<.01) and the total average of the PCL-C (r=.631; p<.01). The personal control dimension correlated negatively with avoidance (r=-.673; p<.01). Conclusions: the results showed that the experience of having a child with cancer can reflect negatively on the mental health of mothers, turning them into a population vulnerable to stress, especially when they maintain a negative emotional representation of the illness.

Objetivo: investigar la relación entre percepción de la enfermedad, Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) y sintomatologia postraumática en madres de sobrevivientes de cáncer en la niñez. Método: ex post facto. Participantes: 16 madres con edad media de 41,87 anos (SD=8.68). Los cuestionarios sobre percepción de la enfermedad (RevisedIllness Perception Questionnaire for Healthy People [IPQ-RH]) y TEPT (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version [PCL-C]) fueron contestados a través de una plataforma digital. Resultados: según los criterios de evaluación del PCL-C, ocho madres (50%) presentaron indicadores diagnósticos de TEPT. En relación a la sintomatologia traumática, 13 madres (81,25%) presentaron excitación, 12 (75%) reexperiencia y ocho (50%) evitación. La puntuación global del PCL-C fue de 43 puntos (SD=14.76), lo que indica un nivel moderado de indicadores de TEPT. En lo que respecta IPQ-RH, la dimensión representación emocional se correlacionó de forma positiva con la reexperiencia (r=.615; p<.05), evitación (r=.679; p<.01) y la media total del PCL-C (r=.631; p<.01). La percepción de control personal se correlacionó de forma negativa con la evitación (r=-.673; p<.01). Conclusiones: la experiencia de tener un hijo con cáncer puede tener repercusiones negativas en la salud emocional de las madres, lo que hace con que sean una población vulnerable al estrés, principalmente cuando mantiene una representación emocional muy negativa de la enfermeda.

RESUMEN

Objetivo: investigar a relação entre percepção da doença, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) e sintomatologia pós-traumática em mães de sobreviventes de câncer infantil. Método: ex post facto. Participantes: 16 mães com média de idade de 41,87 anos (DP=8,68). Os questionários sobre percepção da doença (Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Healthy People [IPQ-RH]) e TEPT (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version [PCL-C]) foram respondidos através de uma plataforma digital. Resultados: segundo os critérios de avaliação do PCL-C, oito mães (50%) apresentaram indicadores diagnósticos de TEPT. Em relação à sintomatologia pós-traumática, 13 mães (81,25%) apresentaram excitabilidade aumentada, 12 (75%) revivência e oito (50%) evitação. O escore global do PCL-C foi de 43 pontos (DP=14,76), indicando nível moderado de sintomas de TEPT. No IPQ-RH, a dimensão representação emocional correlacionou-se positivamente com a revivência (r=0,615; p<0,05), evitação (r=0,679; p<0,01) e a média total do PCL-C (r=0,631; p<0,01). A percepção de controle pessoal correlacionou-se negativamente com a evitação (r=-0,673; p<0,01). Conclusões: a experiência de ter um filho com câncer repercute negativamente na saúde emocional das mães, tornando-as uma população vulnerável ao estresse, principalmente quando têm uma representação emocional muito negativa da doença.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the relationship among illness perception, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic symptomatology in mothers of childhood cancer survivors. Method: ex post facto design. Participants: 16 mothers with a mean age of 41.87 years old (SD=8.68). The instruments used regarding the illness perception (Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Healthy People [IPQ-RH]) and PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version [PCL-C]) were answered through a digital platform. Results: According to the evaluation criteria of the PCL-C, eight mothers (50%) obtained PTSD diagnosis indicators. Regarding the posttraumatic symptomatology, 13 mothers (81.25%) presented increased arousal, 12 (75%) reliving and eight (50%) avoidance. Considering the global score of the PCL-C, the average was 43 points (SD=14.76), indicating moderate level of PTSD indicators. Regarding the IPQ-RH, emotional representation dimension correlated positively with reliving (r=.615; p<.05), avoidance (r=.679; p<.01) and the total average of the PCL-C (r=.631; p<.01). The personal control dimension correlated negatively with avoidance (r=-.673; p<.01). Conclusions: the results showed that the experience of having a child with cancer can reflect negatively on the mental health of mothers, turning them into a population vulnerable to stress, especially when they maintain a negative emotional representation of the illness.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar la relación entre percepción de la enfermedad, Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) y sintomatologia postraumática en madres de sobrevivientes de cáncer en la niñez. Método: ex post facto. Participantes: 16 madres con edad media de 41,87 anos (SD=8.68). Los cuestionarios sobre percepción de la enfermedad (RevisedIllness Perception Questionnaire for Healthy People [IPQ-RH]) y TEPT (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version [PCL-C]) fueron contestados a través de una plataforma digital. Resultados: según los criterios de evaluación del PCL-C, ocho madres (50%) presentaron indicadores diagnósticos de TEPT. En relación a la sintomatologia traumática, 13 madres (81,25%) presentaron excitación, 12 (75%) reexperiencia y ocho (50%) evitación. La puntuación global del PCL-C fue de 43 puntos (SD=14.76), lo que indica un nivel moderado de indicadores de TEPT. En lo que respecta IPQ-RH, la dimensión representación emocional se correlacionó de forma positiva con la reexperiencia (r=.615; p<.05), evitación (r=.679; p<.01) y la media total del PCL-C (r=.631; p<.01). La percepción de control personal se correlacionó de forma negativa con la evitación (r=-.673; p<.01). Conclusiones: la experiencia de tener un hijo con cáncer puede tener repercusiones negativas en la salud emocional de las madres, lo que hace con que sean una población vulnerable al estrés, principalmente cuando mantiene una representación emocional muy negativa de la enfermeda.(AU)

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Abstract Causal attribution among women with breast cancer was studied. The study included 157 women outpatients with breast cancer. A form for sociodemographic and clinical data and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) were used. The results showed that women attributed breast cancer primarily to psychological causes, which does not correspond to known multifactorial causes validated by the scientific community. Providing high quality, patient-centered care requires sensitivity to breast cancer women’s beliefs about the causes of their cancer and awareness of how it can influence patient’s health behaviors after diagnosis. If women with breast cancer attribute the illness to modifiable factors then they can keep a healthy lifestyle, improving their recovery and decrease the probability of cancer recurrence after diagnosis. (AU)

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Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório que investigou a percepção de profissionais sobre a comunicação com o paciente oncológico. Foram entrevistados 14 profissionais de diferentes áreas da saúde que atuam em oncologia. Utilizou-se uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas na íntegra. Os dados foram assim analisados: leitura inicial sem julgamentos (naive); análise estrutural e categorização do conteúdo; interpretação crítica e discussão. Dois juízes independentes avaliaram os conteúdos das entrevistas (Kappa=0,842). Foram estabelecidas três categorias de comunicação: 1) Técnica; 2) Técnica com Suporte Emocional; 3) Insuficiente. Os resultados apontaram para a importância da empatia, provisão de esperança e escuta ativa, percebidas como qualidades essenciais ao profissional para a comunicação efetiva com o paciente, além da relevância do trabalho interdisciplinar. A criação de estratégias que favoreçam a comunicação profissional-paciente pode aumentar a satisfação e o bem-estar dos pacientes oncológicos.(AU)

This is a qualitative exploratory study meant to investigate the health professional's perception about communication with oncology patients. 14 interviews were carried out with workers from different areas intervening in oncology. The instruments were a socio-demographic quest and a semi-structured interview. Integral transcription of the audio records recordings was made. Data analysis was as follows: naive initial reading; structural analysis and content ranking (categorization); critical interpretation and discussion. Interviews contents was were evaluated by two independent judges (Kappa=0,842). Three communication categories were set: 1) Technical; 2) Technical with emotional support; 3) Insufficient. Results showed the importance of empathy, hope provision and active listening, perceived as key qualities to the health professional for the effective communication with the patient, as well as the relevance of interdisciplinary work. The creation of strategies that favour the professional-patient communication may increase satisfaction and well-being of oncology patients.(AU)

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Prevention plays a central role in early detection of cervical cancer. Common Sense Model proposes that the nature and organization of illness representations can guide actions related to health and how self-care is exercised. The aim of this study was to describe and compare illness perception, knowledge and self-care in women with and without cancer precursor lesions. Participants were 92 women (aged 18-59) from primary care unity divided into two groups: women with and without premalignant lesion. Measures for illness perception, knowledge and self-care were used. There was no statistically significant difference (t test e chi-square test) between groups in the variables analyzed. Despite the risk for cervical cancer, women with precursor lesions do not adjust their illness perceptions, knowledge and self-care to the situation. These data show the need to warn women against the cervical cancer risks, because their distorted perceptions and lack of knowledge about the disease may hamper the screening and control of cervical cancer.

A prevenção tem papel central na detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero. O Modelo do Senso Comum propõe que a natureza e a organização das representações da doença podem orientar ações relacionadas à saúde e ao modo como o autocuidado é exercido. Este estudo buscou caracterizar e comparar a percepção da doença, o conhecimento e o autocuidado em mulheres com e sem lesões precursoras de câncer do colo do útero. Participaram 92 usuárias de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (18-59 anos), dividas em dois grupos pareados por idade e escolaridade: com e sem lesões precursoras do colo do útero. Foram utilizados instrumentos de avaliação da percepção da doença, conhecimento sobre o câncer do colo do útero e autocuidado. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas (teste t e qui-quadrado) entre os grupos quanto às variáveis investigadas. Apesar de estarem em risco para o câncer do colo do útero, as mulheres com lesões precursoras não ajustaram sua percepção da doença, conhecimento e autocuidado à situação. Esse dado alerta para a necessidade de sensibilizar as mulheres sobre o risco da doença, já que percepções errôneas e o desconhecimento sobre a doença podem dificultar o seu amplo rastreio e controle.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of alcohol and drug users who seek treatment at the Brazilian Unified Health System in Brazil. METHOD: A multicenter cross-sectional study involving five clinical and research centers located in four Brazilian state capitals was conducted with 740 in- and outpatients. The only exclusion criterion was the presence of neurological or severe psychiatric symptoms at the moment of the interview. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were used to assess the severity of substance use and the problems related. RESULTS: There were significantly more men than women in the sample; mean age was 36 years. The drug most frequently used at all sites was alcohol (78%), followed by cocaine/crack (51%). Alcohol was the drug that most commonly motivated treatment seeking, at all centers. ASI-6 Summary Scores for Recent Functioning (SS-Rs) were quite similar among centers. SS-Rs were compared between users who had never received treatment for psychoactive substance abuse (n = 265, 36.1%) and those who had already been treated at one or more occasions (n = 470, 63.9%). This analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in the drug, psychiatric symptoms, legal, and family/social problems areas (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm previous evidence suggesting that the management of patients seeking drug abuse treatment should take several different aspects into consideration, e.g., education, employment, and family relationships, which often appear as areas of concern for these individuals (AU)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características dos usuários de álcool e drogas que procuram tratamento no Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal multicêntrico envolvendo cinco centros clínicos/de pesquisa localizados em quatro capitais brasileiras foi realizado com 740 pacientes hospitalizados e ambulatoriais. O único critério de exclusão foi a presença de sintomas neurológicos ou psiquiátricos graves no momento da entrevista. A Escala de Gravidade de Dependência (Addiction Severity Index, ASI-6) e o teste ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) foram utilizados para avaliar a severidade do uso de substância e problemas relacionados. RESULTADOS: Houve significativamente mais homens do que mulheres na amostra; a idade média foi de 36 anos. A droga mais usada em todos os centros foi o álcool (78%), seguido de cocaína/crack (51%). O álcool foi a droga que mais motivou procura por tratamento, em todos os centros. Os Escores Resumidos da ASI-6 para Funcionamento Recente (SS-Rs) foram bastante similares nos centros. SS-Rs foram comparados entre usuários que nunca haviam recebido tratamento para abuso de substâncias (n = 265, 36,1%) e aqueles que já haviam sido tratados uma ou mais vezes (n = 470, 63,9%). Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas áreas de droga, sintomas psiquiátricos e problemas legais e familiares/sociais (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados confirmam evidências prévias de que o manejo de pacientes que procuram tratamento para abuso de substância deve levar em conta vários aspectos, como educação, emprego e relações familiares, que normalmente geram preocupação nesses indivíduos (AU)

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Programas de Cessação do Tabagismo (PCT) devem integrar aspectos que aumentem as chances de sucesso do tratamento, tais como a escolha da abordagem e modalidade baseadas em evidências científicas, a adaptação da intervenção às características do público alvo, os registros dos procedimentos e dos índices de eficácia e a utilização de estratégias tanto ativas como reativas de recrutamento de fumantes. Diante disso, este estudo foi delineado com o objetivo de descrever a implantação de um PCT numa universidade pública que adotou o ambiente 100% livre da fumaça do tabaco, incluindo a avaliação dos métodos de divulgação e seu possível impacto nas taxas de adesão e sucesso do programa. Foram inscritos 128 fumantes em nove grupos oferecidos ao longo de dois anos, sendo que 97 (76%) compareceram ao primeiro encontro, dos quais 69 (71%) efetivamente concluíram o PCT. Os grupos que realizaram avaliação de seguimento (n = 58) alcançaram taxas de abstinência de 27% e 32%, superiores às esperadas em tratamento unicamente psicológico e similares a índices que combinaram abordagem cognitivo-comportamental com farmacológica. As estratégias de recrutamento que combinaram estratégias ativas (contatos pessoais, convites personalizados, entrevistas individuais) e reativas (cartazes, e-mail corporativo, jornal) foram as mais eficazes para captação e adesão de fumantes ao PCT, confirmando a literatura. Conclui-se que campanhas de ambiente 100% livre da fumaça são oportunidades favoráveis para a eficácia dos PCT, que podem ser desenvolvidos e implantados por profissionais treinados de diferentes especialidades da área da saúde.(AU)

Smoking Cessation Programs (SCP) must comprise factors that increase the chances of successful treatment, such as choice of approach and modality based on scientific evidence; adaptation of the intervention to the characteristics of target patients; records of procedures and efficacy rates; and the use of both active and reactive strategies to recruit smokers. Given this, this study was designed with the aim of describing the implementation of a SCP in a public university that has adopted a 100% smoke-free campus policy, including the evaluation of publicity methods and their possible impact in adherence rates and program success. There were 128 smokers enrolled in nine program groups offered over two years: 97 (76%) attended the first meeting and 69 (71%) effectively completed the SCP. The groups that underwent follow-up assessment (n = 58) achieved abstinence rates of 27% and 32%, greater than expected for solely psychological treatment and similar to rates that combined cognitive-behavioral approach to pharmacology. The recruitment strategies that combined active strategies (personal contacts, personal invitations, individual interviews) and reactive strategies (posters, corporate e-mail, newspapers) were the most effective to attract and gain the adherence of smokers to the SCP, corroborating the literature. We conclude that 100% smoke-free environment campaigns are opportunities that favor the effectiveness of SCPs, which can be developed and implemented by any trained health professional.(AU)

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Programas de Cessação do Tabagismo (PCT) devem integrar aspectos que aumentem as chances de sucesso do tratamento, tais como a escolha da abordagem e modalidade baseadas em evidências científicas, a adaptação da intervenção às características do público alvo, os registros dos procedimentos e dos índices de eficácia e a utilização de estratégias tanto ativas como reativas de recrutamento de fumantes. Diante disso, este estudo foi delineado com o objetivo de descrever a implantação de um PCT numa universidade pública que adotou o ambiente 100% livre da fumaça do tabaco, incluindo a avaliação dos métodos de divulgação e seu possível impacto nas taxas de adesão e sucesso do programa. Foram inscritos 128 fumantes em nove grupos oferecidos ao longo de dois anos, sendo que 97 (76%) compareceram ao primeiro encontro, dos quais 69 (71%) efetivamente concluíram o PCT. Os grupos que realizaram avaliação de seguimento (n = 58) alcançaram taxas de abstinência de 27% e 32%, superiores às esperadas em tratamento unicamente psicológico e similares a índices que combinaram abordagem cognitivo-comportamental com farmacológica. As estratégias de recrutamento que combinaram estratégias ativas (contatos pessoais, convites personalizados, entrevistas individuais) e reativas (cartazes, e-mail corporativo, jornal) foram as mais eficazes para captação e adesão de fumantes ao PCT, confirmando a literatura. Conclui-se que campanhas de ambiente 100% livre da fumaça são oportunidades favoráveis para a eficácia dos PCT, que podem ser desenvolvidos e implantados por profissionais treinados de diferentes especialidades da área da saúde

Smoking Cessation Programs (SCP) must comprise factors that increase the chances of successful treatment, such as choice of approach and modality based on scientific evidence; adaptation of the intervention to the characteristics of target patients; records of procedures and efficacy rates; and the use of both active and reactive strategies to recruit smokers. Given this, this study was designed with the aim of describing the implementation of a SCP in a public university that has adopted a 100% smoke-free campus policy, including the evaluation of publicity methods and their possible impact in adherence rates and program success. There were 128 smokers enrolled in nine program groups offered over two years: 97 (76%) attended the first meeting and 69 (71%) effectively completed the SCP. The groups that underwent follow-up assessment (n = 58) achieved abstinence rates of 27% and 32%, greater than expected for solely psychological treatment and similar to rates that combined cognitive-behavioral approach to pharmacology. The recruitment strategies that combined active strategies (personal contacts, personal invitations, individual interviews) and reactive strategies (posters, corporate e-mail, newspapers) were the most effective to attract and gain the adherence of smokers to the SCP, corroborating the literature. We conclude that 100% smoke-free environment campaigns are opportunities that favor the effectiveness of SCPs, which can be developed and implemented by any trained health professional

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It has been speculated that attentional bias (AB) to smoking cues is a permanent feature of addiction. The objective of the present study was to investigate if abstinence duration has an influence on AB. Performance on a visual probe task of three groups (recent, intermediate and prolonged) of ex-smokers (n=62, mean age 50±11 years) with different abstinence durations was compared. Target/Control images were presented at three stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs: 200, 500, and 2000 ms) on a 17-inch monitor. Former smokers avoided target images (TIs). Mean reaction time to control images was shorter than to TIs, confirming the attentional avoidance of TIs. Attentional avoidance of TIs and the lower emotional valence of these stimuli may have been a strategy to avoid relapse. Sustained avoidance to smoking-related cues may be a predictor of long-term abstinence. Direct training of AB away from drug cues may improve the results of smoking cessation therapy.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of alcohol and drug users who seek treatment at the Brazilian Unified Health System in Brazil. METHOD: A multicenter cross-sectional study involving five clinical and research centers located in four Brazilian state capitals was conducted with 740 in- and outpatients. The only exclusion criterion was the presence of neurological or severe psychiatric symptoms at the moment of the interview. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were used to assess the severity of substance use and the problems related. RESULTS: There were significantly more men than women in the sample; mean age was 36 years. The drug most frequently used at all sites was alcohol (78%), followed by cocaine/crack (51%). Alcohol was the drug that most commonly motivated treatment seeking, at all centers. ASI-6 Summary Scores for Recent Functioning (SS-Rs) were quite similar among centers. SS-Rs were compared between users who had never received treatment for psychoactive substance abuse (n = 265, 36.1%) and those who had already been treated at one or more occasions (n = 470, 63.9%). This analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in the drug, psychiatric symptoms, legal, and family/social problems areas (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm previous evidence suggesting that the management of patients seeking drug abuse treatment should take several different aspects into consideration, e.g., education, employment, and family relationships, which often appear as areas of concern for these individuals.