RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Like members of any other population, transgender and gender variant people--individuals whose gender identity varies from the traditional norm or from the sex they were assigned at birth--often seek parenthood. Little is known about the decision making and experiences of these individuals, including male-identified and gender-variant natal females who wish to achieve parenthood by carrying a pregnancy. This pilot qualitative study used grounded theory methodology to explore the conception, pregnancy, and birth experiences of this population of parents. METHODS: A grounded theory methodology was used to guide data collection and analysis. Eight male-identified or gender-variant gestational parents participated in the study. Data collection included individual 60-minute to 90-minute interviews conducted by recorded online video calls, as well as a self-administered online demographic survey. Data were collected from September 2011 through May 2012. Data saturation was achieved at 6 interviews, after which 2 more interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a constant comparative method was used to analyze the interview transcripts. RESULTS: Loneliness was the overarching theme that permeated participants' experiences, social interactions, and emotional responses during every stage of achieving biologic parenthood. Within this context of loneliness, participants described complex internal and external processes of navigating identity. Navigating identity encapsulated 2 subthemes: undergoing internal struggles and engaging with the external world. The preconception period was identified as participants' time of greatest distress and least involvement with health care. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study suggest that culturally-sensitive preconception counseling could be beneficial for transgender and gender-variant individuals. The grounded theory produced by this pilot investigation also provides insights that will be useful to health care providers and others working with male-identified and gender-variant prospective parents.
Asunto(s)
Parto Obstétrico , Fertilización , Identidad de Género , Embarazo , Personas Transgénero , Transexualidad , Adulto , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Parto , Estudios Prospectivos , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
This explorative study used grounded theory methodology (GTM) to develop a substantive theory regarding the life experience of the misuse of alcohol among midlife and older lesbians. The core category in this study is represented by the overarching process of "Disconnecting from their Authentic Selves." Professional health care providers may better be able to understand and assist midlife and older lesbians who misuse alcohol by being aware of their life experience with alcohol problems and the concepts they have described. A theoretical model is presented as a visual representation of the key concepts described in this paper and their interrelationships.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Alcoholismo/psicología , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Homosexualidad Femenina/psicología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/psicología , Familia/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Matrimonio/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Psicológicos , Noroeste de Estados Unidos , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Enfermería Psiquiátrica , Investigación Cualitativa , Religión y Psicología , Autoimagen , Autorrevelación , Estereotipo , Encuestas y CuestionariosAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Virales del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Meningitis Aséptica/diagnóstico , Fiebre por Flebótomos/diagnóstico , Virus de Nápoles de la Fiebre de la Mosca de los Arenales/aislamiento & purificación , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Enfermedades Virales del Sistema Nervioso Central/virología , Humanos , Italia , Meningitis Aséptica/virología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fiebre por Flebótomos/virología , ARN Viral/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Virus de Nápoles de la Fiebre de la Mosca de los Arenales/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Descriptions of 85 women's feelings about miscarriage at 1, 6, 16, and 52 weeks were inductively coded, rank-ordered, and clustered into 3 responses: healing, actively grieving, and overwhelmed. Women who were actively grieving or overwhelmed at 1 week experienced significantly less distress from 6 weeks on. Responses at 1 week differed with regards to those who had a history of perinatal loss or went on to experience negative life events or sexual distance after loss. One year responses differed based on who was pregnant or gave birth, miscarried again, lived through a higher number of post-loss negative life events, or experienced interpersonal or sexual distance from their mate. Responses were not influenced by gestational age at loss or having other children.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Espontáneo/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Pesar , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Emociones , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Embarazo , Factores de Tiempo , WashingtónRESUMEN
The author presents a paradigmatic categorization and review of the literature that is available regarding lesbians and alcohol. She illuminates the characteristics, shortcomings, and strengths of Empirical Post Positivist, Interpretive, and Critical Social research paradigms. Results of the various studies are presented while research and funding directions are proposed.