RESUMEN
Resumo Contar com uma medida psicometricamente adequada para a avaliação dos comportamentos moralmente relevantes de atletas é importante para fomentar pesquisas e viabilizar estratégias de intervenção eficazes. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi estimar propriedades psicométricas da Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior Sport Scale (PABSS) para o contexto brasileiro. A amostra foi composta por 360 atletas de ambos os sexos (idade média 16.1 ± 3.61; 64.7 % homens). A análise fatorial exploratória indicou a pertinência da estrutura composta por quatro fatores: (1) comportamento pró-social direcionado aos companheiros de equipe (CPC); (2) comportamento pró-social direcionado aos adversários (CPA); (3) comportamento antissocial direcionado aos companheiros de equipe (CAC); (4) comportamento antissocial direcionado aos adversários (CAA), explicando conjuntamente 66.1 % da variância total, o que corrobora a hipótese teórica. Adicionalmente, a análise fatorial semiconfirmatória apresentou comprovação do modelo composto por quatro fatores: [(X1 = 126.685, gl = 116. p = .234; X2/gl = 1.09; CFI = 0.998 (IC 95 % = 0.997-0.999); GFI = 0.991 (IC 95 % = 0.997- 0.999); RMSEA = 0.018 (IC 95 °% = 0.016-0.020)]. Todos os fatores apresentaram índices desejáveis de consistência interna, alfa de Cronbach superiores a .78 e ômega de Mcdonald superiores a .88. Também foram observadas as associações entre comportamento moral e valores no esporte. Conclui-se que a versão brasileira da PABSS reúne evidências psicométricas adequadas, podendo ser utilizada em estudos futuros.
Resumen Contar con una medida psicométrica apropiada para evaluar los comportamientos moralmente relevantes de los atletas es importante para fomentar la investigación y permitir estrategias de intervención efectivas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar las propiedades psicométricas de la Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior Sport Scale (PABSS) para el contexto brasileño. La muestra consistió en 360 atletas de ambos sexos (promedio de edad 16.1 ± 3.61; 64.7 % hombres). El análisis factorial exploratorio indicó la relevancia de la estructura que consta de cuatro factores: (1) Comportamiento prosocial dirigido a compañeros de equipo (CPC); (2) Comportamiento prosocial dirigido a oponentes (CPA); (3) Comportamiento antisocial dirigido a compañeros de equipo (CAC); (4) Comportamiento antisocial dirigido a oponentes (CAA), explicando conjuntamente el 66.1 % de la varianza total, lo que corrobora la hipótesis teórica. Además, el análisis factorial semiconfirmatorio mostró pruebas del modelo compuesto por cuatro factores: [(X2 = 126.685, gl = 116, p = .234; X2/gl = 1.09; CFI = 0.99 (IC 95% = 0.997-0.999); GFI = 0.99 (IC 95 % = 0.997-0.999); RMSEA = 0.018 (IC 95 % = 0.016-0.020)]. Todos los factores tenían índices de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach deseables mayores a 0.78 y omega de McDonald mayores a 0.88. También se observaron asociaciones entre el comportamiento moral y los valores en el deporte. En conclusión, la versión brasileña del PABSS reúne evidencia psicométrica adecuada y puede ser utilizada en futuros estudios.
Abstract Having an appropriate psychometric measure for assessing the morally relevant behaviors of athletes is important to encourage research and enable effective intervention strategies. The aim of this research was to verify the psychometric properties of the Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors Sport Scale (PABSS) for the Brazilian context. The sample consisted of 360 athletes of both sexes (average age 16.1±3.61; 64.7% men). The exploratory factorial analysis indicated the adequacy of the structure comprising four factors: 1) Prosocial behavior directed to teammates (CPC) 2) Prosocial behavior directed to opponents (CPA); (3) Anti-social behavior directed to teammates (CAC); (4) Anti-social behavior directed to opponents (CAA), which jointly explains 66.1% of the total variance, thus corroborating the theoretical hypothesis. In addition, Semi-confirmatory Factor Analysis showed evidence of the four-factor model: [(X2= 126.685, gl= 116, p = .234; X2/gl= 1.09; CFI= 0.99 (IC 95%= 0.997-0.999); GFI= 0.99 (IC 95% = 0.997- 0.999); RMSEA= 0.018 (IC 95%= 0.016-0.020)]. All factors had desirable internal consistency indexes of Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.78 and McDonald's Omega greater than 0.80. Associations between moral behavior and values in sports were also observed. In conclusion, the Brazilian version of the PABSS presented adequate psychometric evidence and can be used in future studies.
RESUMEN
Magnani Branco, BH, Carvalho, IZ, Garcia de Oliveira, H, Fanhani, AP, Machado dos Santos, MC, Pestillo de Oliveira, L, Macente, SB, and Nelson, NJ. Effects of 2 types of resistance training models on obese adolescents' body composition, cardiometabolic risk, and physical fitness. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2672-2682, 2020-The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 2 types of resistance training (RT) models in conjunction with interdisciplinary interventions by other health professionals to reduce the body fat and cardiometabolic risk of obese adolescents while improving their general health-related physical fitness. The 12-week analyses involved 18 male adolescents who were split into 2 groups (weight lifting: n = 9 and functional: n = 9), with equalization according to the primary muscle group (whenever possible), the effort:pause ratio, and intensity. The results showed reductions in fat mass and body fat, as well as in waist and hip circumferences (p < 0.05) after the intervention period. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of the body mass, body mass index, neck circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and for lean mass (p > 0.05) after the respective period. Maximal isometric strength, abdominal strength resistance, flexibility, and maximal oxygen consumption all produced significant increases after the interventions (p < 0.05). There were reductions in low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride levels after the intervention period (p < 0.05). For fasting glycemia, high-density lipoproteins, and alanine aminotransferase, no differences were observed (p > 0.05). In addition, no differences were observed in rating of perceived recovery, internal training load, or caloric intake (p > 0.05). With the results presented, it is concluded that both RT methods were effective at reducing both fat mass and body fat, thus improving health-related physical fitness components and decreasing cardiometabolic risk.