RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Environmental psychological factors such as mood states can modify and trigger an organic response; depressive disorder is considered a risk factor for oncological development, leading to alterations both in the genesis and in the progression of the disease. Some authors have identified that personality relates to mood since a high score in neuroticism is associated with intense and long-lasting emotions of stress and therefore with the development of depressive behaviors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between personality and depression in skin cancer patients. METHODS: A total of forty-seven clinically and histopathologically diagnosed patients were scheduled for an hour-long interview, during which they provided informed consent and sociodemographic information. The psychological questionnaires applied were the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the clinical questionnaire for the diagnosis of the depressive syndrome. RESULTS: The patient's mean age was 66.5 years (SD ± 12.4) and the majority were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (70.2%). The frequency of anxious/depressive symptoms was 42.5%, with an increase in depression scores in the female gender (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a difference was found in the neuroticism dimension related to gender, with higher values in women (p = 0.002). Depressive symptomatologic portraits were correlated with the dimensions of neuroticism (p < 0.001, r = 0.705), psychoticism (p = 0.003, r = 0.422) and lying (p = 0.028, r = - 0.321). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that personality dimensions are related to the presence of anxiety/depressive symptomatology in patients with skin cancer, especially in the female gender. Highlighting the need for future research that delves into the implications at the psychological level, the quality of life, and the biological mechanisms that link personality and depressive symptoms in the development and evolution of skin cancer.
RESUMEN
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic disease of unknown etiology. Several studies have reported a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) 86 bp (rs2234663) in the intron 2 of IL1RN gene with RA risk. The present study was designed to determine the frequencies of this polymorphism in patients with RA and control subjects (CS) and its association with RA in a western Mexican population. An analytical cross-sectional study was performed, in which 350 patients with RA and 307 CS were included. The identification of IL1RN VNTR polymorphism was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and genotypes were associated with clinical variables (DAS28 and CRP). The presence of A1/A2 genotype was associated with RA risk (p = 0.03, OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.02-2.05). Also, results indicate that the presence of heterozygote genotypes which include A2 was associated with RA risk (p = 0.01, OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.07-2.11). Patients carrier of A2/A2 genotype have a higher score of DAS28 (5.64 [4.49-6.70]). A-/A- has higher level of CRP (2.30 [0.62-9.10]) in comparison with A2/A- (1.06 [0.37-2.82]). A1/A2 genotype was associated with susceptibility to RA in a western Mexican population. The presence of the A2/A2 genotype in RA is associated with increased disease activity.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Proteína Antagonista del Receptor de Interleucina 1/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The CD40 pathway is involved in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD40 gene, rs1883832 and rs4810485, are associated with susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and are thought to alter CD40 expression at the mRNA and protein level. This study assessed for the first time the association of these SNPs with RA and CD40 mRNA levels in a western Mexican population. A total of 278 RA patients and 318 control subjects were included. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and CD40 mRNA expression was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. No significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies were identified between the RA patients and controls. When stratified by genotype, these SNPs were not found to be associated with the presence of autoantibodies or the clinical activity of the disease. CD40 mRNA levels were elevated 1.5-fold in RA patients compared to control subjects; however, no clear tendencies were observed following stratification by genotype. These results suggest that the CD40 SNPs rs1883832 and rs4810485 are not RA susceptibility markers in the western Mexican population. Further studies are needed to clarify their roles in CD40 mRNA expression.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Antígenos CD40/genética , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Adulto , Anciano , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Antígenos CD40/biosíntesis , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/genéticaRESUMEN
Lepromatous Leprosy (LL) is the most common presentation of leprosy in Mexico. LL patients are unable to activate an effective inflammatory response against Mycobacterium leprae probably due to the genetics of the host. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is important to trigger inflammation processes. Two polymorphisms have been reported for human MIF: STR -794 CATT5-8 and SNP -173 G/C. 7-8 CATT repeats at -794 and the C allele at -173 increase the expression of MIF. We aim to determine the association between the polymorphisms in MIF gene and LL. We carried a case and controls study with 100 Mexican LL patients and 100 healthy subjects (HS). PCR was used for genotyping of STR -794 CATT5-8 polymorphism and PCR-RFLP for -173 G/C. We found that LL patients possess high -794 CATT repeats (47.1%) more often than HS (32.7%). In conclusion, a MIF polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to LL in Western Mexican population.
Asunto(s)
Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/genética , Lepra Lepromatosa/genética , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream immunoregulatory cytokine associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. There is evidence that MIF functions in a positive feedback loop with TNF-α that could perpetuate the inflammatory process in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this case-control study we investigated whether commonly occurring functional MIF polymorphisms are associated with SLE as well as with MIF and TNF-α serum levels in a Mexican-Mestizo population. Genotyping of the -794 CATT5-8 (rs5844572) and -173 G>C (rs755622) MIF polymorphisms was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively in 186 SLE patients and 200 healthy subjects. MIF and TNF-α serum levels were determined by ELISA. A significant increase of MIF and TNF-α levels was found in SLE patients. According to a genetic model, we found a significant association of genotypes carrying the -794 CATT7 and -173(∗)C risk alleles with susceptibility to SLE and with a significant increase of TNF-α. In conclusion, MIF gene polymorphisms are associated with SLE susceptibility and with an increase of TNF-α serum levels in a Mexican-Mestizo population.
Asunto(s)
Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/sangre , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/sangre , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic disease caused by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that affects several animal species, and some studies have suggested that there may be a relationship between Crohn's disease and PTB. Significant aspects of PTB pathogenesis are not yet completely understood, such as the role of macrophages. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) molecules have shown nonspecific effects against several intracellular pathogens residing within macrophages. However, these molecules have been scarcely studied during natural infection with MAP. In this work, changes in NRAMP1 and iNOS expression were surveyed by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from MAP-infected cattle and healthy controls. Our findings show strong specific immunolabeling against both NRAMP1 and iNOS molecules, throughout granulomatous PTB-compatible lesions in ileum and ileocaecal lymph nodes from paratuberculous cattle compared with uninfected controls, suggesting a relationship between the expression of these molecules and the pathogenesis of PTB disease.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Transporte de Catión/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Paratuberculosis/metabolismo , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Enfermedad de Crohn/etiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/microbiología , Humanos , Íleon/inmunología , Íleon/metabolismo , Íleon/microbiología , Íleon/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Ganglios Linfáticos/metabolismo , Ganglios Linfáticos/microbiología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Activación de Macrófagos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/patogenicidad , Paratuberculosis/inmunología , Paratuberculosis/microbiología , Paratuberculosis/patologíaRESUMEN
We evaluated by nested PCR reaction, different cow secretions from a herd with 48% of prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), seeking to determine niches where Mycobacterium bovis could be found. Postmortem examination of 18 (75%) tuberculin reacting cows allowed demonstrates BTB-compatible lesions in six, all of them PCR positives in milk and four in colostra samples. Our results showed that up to 62% of the colostra analysed contained M. bovis DNA, whereas only 18% of milk gave a positive reaction. Moreover, in bronchoalveolar lavages from cattle with compatible lesions in lungs or lymph nodes, where macrophages account up to 90% of cells, we did not find evidences of M. bovis. Altogether, these results suggest that differences in the anti-bacterial capacity of bovine macrophages, dependent upon microenvironment and organ-specific factors, exist. Alternatively, we hypothesize that hypoxic conditions that are encountered in mammary glands macrophages could induce M. bovis entrance into a 'dormancy-like' state, and that the high number of colostra samples were M. bovis was detected, could be an indicator of reactivation during 'peripartum'.
Asunto(s)
Calostro/microbiología , Mycobacterium bovis/aislamiento & purificación , Tuberculosis Bovina/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Bovina/transmisión , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/microbiología , Bovinos , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Femenino , Leche/microbiología , Mycobacterium bovis/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Tuberculosis Bovina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) may infect the cervical epithelium without producing pathological changes for a long time. To investigate if mucosal antibodies are induced in HPV16-infected women without visible pathology, cervical mucus from HPV16-infected patients with and without evident pathology, along with mucus from uninfected women were analyzed for the presence of mucosal IgG and secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies to HPV16 capsid proteins by ELISA. sIgA and IgG antibodies were found in a significantly higher proportion of infected patients compared with uninfected women (p < 0.0001). sIgA antibodies were present in 13.1% of infected patients without visible pathology, the proportion of positivity increased to 27.0% in patients with visible pathology (p = 0.001). Mucosal IgG response was observed in 6.5% of patients without and 27.5% of patients with visible pathology (p = 0.00005). The antibody mean signal strength was significantly higher in patients with than in patients without pathological evidence (p < 0.005). In conclusion, both sIgA and IgG are found in patients without pathological signs of infection, however, the response increases significantly in patients with pathological evidence, suggesting that the appearance of these changes might be associated with a more vigorous antibody-mediated mucosal reaction.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Cápside/inmunología , Cuello del Útero/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Papillomaviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/inmunología , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/inmunología , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales/biosíntesis , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunidad Mucosa , Persona de Mediana Edad , Membrana Mucosa/inmunología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/inmunología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/inmunología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virologíaRESUMEN
SETTING: It is generally accepted that antibodies do not protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, as this role relies upon T-cell reactivity. Hence, most studies on antimycobacterial antibodies have been aimed at developing serologic tests, and few explore their role in disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the IgG antimycobacterial antibody response of 55 Mexican Totonaca Indians with pulmonary tuberculosis and its correlation with some features of the disease. DESIGN: Study of the profile of antigen recognition by immunoblot and ELISA with isolated antigen 85 complex (Ag85) and whole culture filtrate proteins. Correlation of immunoblot and ELISA results with BCG vaccination, tuberculin reactivity, extent of the disease, clinical setting, and response to treatment. RESULTS: On immunoblot, band reactivity was very poor and the most frequently recognized antigen was the 30-32 kDa, antigen 85 complex (45.8% of serum samples). ELISA with this antigen showed a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 100%. Positive antibody titers to Ag85 were observed in 79.4% of patients with non-cavitary tuberculosis (P = 0.012) and in 95.8% of patients who were cured with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy (P = 0.0001). By contrast, an antibody response to whole culture filtrate antigens had no correlation with the presence of cavitations or with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that an antibody response to Ag85, aside from having great potential to develop a serologic test for tuberculosis, was associated with a positive outcome in a cohort of tuberculous Mexican Indians.
Asunto(s)
Aciltransferasas/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Indígenas Norteamericanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/inmunología , Adulto , Formación de Anticuerpos , Vacuna BCG , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Masculino , México , Estudios Prospectivos , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/etnologíaRESUMEN
By Western blotting, we demonstrate high-level expression of NRAMP1 proteins in peripheral blood cells and granulomas of Mycobacterium bovis-infected bovines. Immunohistochemistry of granulomatous lesions showed heavily labeled epithelioid macrophages and Langhans cells. These data suggest that M. bovis infection enhances NRAMP1 expression and that active tuberculosis can occur despite this response.