RESUMEN

Abstract Introduction The association between uterine cervix and anogenital carcinomas and human papillomavirus, HPV, is well established, however the involvement of this virus in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas remains controversial. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between HPV infection and oral squamous cell carcinomas, and to estimate the incidence of this infection in these patients. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to find studies that met the following inclusion criteria: i) performed in humans; ii) were cohort, case-control or cross-sectional; iii) assessed the HPV oncogenic activity by the E6 and E7 mRNA; iv) included primary oral squamous cell carcinomas which; v) diagnosis had been confirmed by biopsy. Information about the country; study period; sample obtainment; sites of oral squamous cell carcinomas; number, gender and age range of the population; the prevalence of HPV infection and subtypes detected; use of tobacco or alcohol and oral sex practice were extracted. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using 14 criteria. Results The search strategy retrieved 2129 articles. Assessment of the full text was done for 626 articles, but five were included. The total of participants included was 383, most of them male with mean age between 51.0 and 63.5 years old. Seventeen patients were HPV/mRNA-positive, being the subtypes 16 and 18 detected more frequently. Nine of the HPV/mRNA-positive oral squamous cell carcinomas occurred on the tongue. The quality score average of included articles was five points. Conclusions Among the 383 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients included, 17 (4.4%) were HPV/mRNA-positive, nevertheless it was not possible to assess if HPV infection was associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas because none of the studies included was longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations do not have control group.

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Resumo Introdução A associação entre os carcinomas de colo uterino e anogenitais e o papilomavírus humano (HPV) está bem estabelecida; entretanto, o envolvimento desse vírus no desenvolvimento de carcinomas espinocelulares orais permanece controverso. Objetivos Avaliar a relação entre a infecção pelo HPV e os carcinomas espinocelulares orais e estimar a proporção dessa infecção nesses pacientes. Método Quatro bases de dados eletrônicas foram pesquisadas para encontrar estudos que atendessem aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: i) feitos em humanos; ii) estudos do tipo coorte, caso-controle ou transversal; iii) avaliaram a atividade oncogênica do HPV pelo mRNA E6 e E7; iv) incluíram CECOs primários, cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado por biópsia; v) o diagnóstico foi confirmado por biópsia. Informações sobre o país; período do estudos; obtenção da amostra; locais dos carcinomas espinocelulares orais; número, sexo e faixa etária da população; prevalência de infecção por HPV e subtipos detectados; informações sobre o uso de tabaco ou álcool e a prática de sexo oral foram obtidas. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos incluídos foi avaliada através de 14 critérios. Resultados A estratégia de busca recuperou 2.129 artigos. A avaliação de texto completo foi feita em 626 artigos, mas apenas cinco foram incluídos. O total de participantes incluídos foi de 383, a maioria do sexo masculino e com média de idade entre 51,0 e 63,5 anos. Dezessete pacientes eram HPV/mRNA-positivos, os subtipos 16 e 18 foram detectados com maior frequência. Nove dos carcinomas espinocelulares orais HPV/mRNA-positivos ocorreram na língua. A média do escore de qualidade dos artigos incluídos foi de cinco pontos. Conclusões Entre os 383 pacientes incluídos com carcinomas espinocelulares orais, 17 (4,4%) eram HPV/mRNA-positivos; entretanto, não foi possível avaliar se a infecção por HPV estava associada com carcinomas espinocelulares orais porque nenhum dos estudos incluídos era longitudinal e as investigações transversais não têm grupo controle.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Papillomaviridae/genética , ADN Viral , Estudios Transversales , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The association between uterine cervix and anogenital carcinomas and human papillomavirus, HPV, is well established, however the involvement of this virus in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between HPV infection and oral squamous cell carcinomas, and to estimate the incidence of this infection in these patients. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched to find studies that met the following inclusion criteria: i) performed in humans; ii) were cohort, case-control or cross-sectional; iii) assessed the HPV oncogenic activity by the E6 and E7 mRNA; iv) included primary oral squamous cell carcinomas which; v) diagnosis had been confirmed by biopsy. Information about the country; study period; sample obtainment; sites of oral squamous cell carcinomas; number, gender and age range of the population; the prevalence of HPV infection and subtypes detected; use of tobacco or alcohol and oral sex practice were extracted. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using 14 criteria. RESULTS: The search strategy retrieved 2129 articles. Assessment of the full text was done for 626 articles, but five were included. The total of participants included was 383, most of them male with mean age between 51.0 and 63.5 years old. Seventeen patients were HPV/mRNA-positive, being the subtypes 16 and 18 detected more frequently. Nine of the HPV/mRNA-positive oral squamous cell carcinomas occurred on the tongue. The quality score average of included articles was five points. CONCLUSIONS: Among the 383 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients included, 17 (4.4%) were HPV/mRNA-positive, nevertheless it was not possible to assess if HPV infection was associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas because none of the studies included was longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations do not have control group.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Boca , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , ADN Viral , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil derived-neurotoxin (EDN) are homologous ribonuclease (RNAse) A family proteins. The objective of the present study was to in silico characterize ECP and EDN with respect to their cytotoxic activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Structural, physicochemical, and conserved domain characterizations were carried-out using open-source software, such as InterProScan, NetOGlyc, NetPhos and Discovery Studio 3.1. RESULTS: The proteins did not have atypical conserved domains. EDN had a greater number of glutamine amino acid residues, whereas ECP had a predominance of arginine. ECP had four possible N-glycosylation, three O-glycosylation and four phosphorylation sites. EDN had five putative N-glycosylation, three phosphorylation and no O-glycosylation sites. CONCLUSION: The greater cationicity of ECP may be related to its higher cytotoxicity and to the fact that the varying post-translational modification profiles can generate functional differences from structural alteration. In vivo and in vitro studies need to be performed in order to confirm these predictions.

Asunto(s)

Proteína Catiónica del Eosinófilo/metabolismo , Neurotoxina Derivada del Eosinófilo/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Arginina/química , Biología Computacional , Bases de Datos de Proteínas , Glutamina/química , Glicosilación , Humanos , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Ribonucleasa Pancreática/química , Programas Informáticos

RESUMEN

AIM: The present study evaluated the expression of α1 and ß1 Na,K-ATPase, as well as the effects of digoxin (DGX) on oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical expression of α1 and ß1 Na,K-ATPase were evaluated in 60 patients who underwent treatment at the São João de Deus Hospital. SCC-25 viability was assessed by the colorimetric assay. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to analyze the association of α1 and ß1 Na,K-ATPase expression with the variables. RESULTS: Immunoexpression of α1 and ß1 Na,K-ATPase were observed in 28% and 55% of the tumors, however these proteins were not significant prognostic factors. Tobacco was significantly associated with α1 expression. SCC-25 viability decreased significantly after treatment with 1 µM DGX at 24 h. CONCLUSION: The smoking status of OSCC patients was significantly associated with α1 expression and DGX affected the SCC-25 viability in a dose- and duration-dependent manner.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Digoxina/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Subunidades de Proteína/genética , Subunidades de Proteína/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/genética

RESUMEN

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) have the potential for rapid and unlimited growth. Therefore, hypoxic tissue areas are common in these malignant tumours and contribute to cancer progression, resistance to therapy and poor outcome. Out of all proteins induced by hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and their target genes have been most extensively studied. HIF1 is a heterodimeric transcriptional complex that functions as the main regulator of systemic and cellular oxygen homeostasis; it is composed of HIF1α and HF1ß subunits. At physiological concentrations of oxygen, prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) modify HIF1α and prepare it for proteasomal degradation. In hypoxia, PHDs are inhibited and HIF1α dimerises with HIF1ß to form HIF1, which is responsible for the activation of several genes involved in multiple aspects of tumor biology. Among these genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential as a regulatory gene of angiogenesis in the adaptation to a hypoxic microenvironment. Previous studies have shown the correlation between HIF1α and VEGF in OSCC and high levels of HIF1α expression appear to predict a poor prognosis. The purpose of the present article is to review the hypoxic condition in OSCC and its correlation with prognosis.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Hipoxia de la Célula/fisiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Animales , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the clinical significance of podoplanin and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin and VEGF-C were investigated in 42 well-differentiated OSCCs. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the association of biomarker expression with the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome, as well as with histopathological microscopic features and histopathological malignancy index. The relationship between podoplanin, VEGF-C and prognosis was also studied. Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan Meier method. RESULTS: Strong podoplanin expression was associated with male gender (p=0.037) and with early clinical stage (I-II) (p=0.027). Strong podoplanin expression was more frequently found in patients with perineural infiltration. Podoplanin and VEGF-C expression were not significant prognostic factors for patients with OSCC. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the strong podoplanin and VEGF-C expression by malignant cells is associated with perineural invasion in patients with OSCC.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Factor C de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Pronóstico , Tasa de Supervivencia , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

The eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is a small polypeptide that originates from activated eosinophil granulocytes. A wide range of stimuli has been shown to induce the secretion of ECP. The gene that encodes the human ECP is located on chromosome 14, and the protein shares the overall three-dimensional structure and the RNase active-site residues with other proteins in the RNase A superfamily. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human ECP gene have been currently described. ECP has many biological functions, including an immunoregulatory function, the regulation of fibroblast activity, and the induction of mucus secretion in the airway. Additionally, the protein is a potent cytotoxic molecule and has the capacity to kill mammalian and nonmammalian cells. The purpose of this article was to review the known biological and genetic characteristics of ECP that contribute to the understanding of this protein's role in the development and progression of a wide variety of diseases.

Asunto(s)

Proteína Catiónica del Eosinófilo/genética , Proteína Catiónica del Eosinófilo/metabolismo , Enfermedad , Humanos

RESUMEN

Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory processes, such as allergies and parasitic infections. Increased number of these cells has been described in many human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma, and its presence related to favourable as well as unfavourable prognosis. Although the exact role of eosinophils in tumours is not yet defined, the anti-tumour activity of these rare granulocytes has been associated with the release of their cytotoxic proteins, especially the eosinophil cationic protein, a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass ranging from 15 to 22kDa encoded by the RNSE3 gene located on chromosome 14q11.2. Functional studies have implicated ECP in numerous processes, such as tissue remodelling in allergic inflammation; however its most striking function is the cytotoxic activity. The aim of this review is to summarise the role and functions of eosinophils and their granule-derived products in oral malignant tumours and the clinical value of the tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia for patients' prognosis.

Asunto(s)

Proteína Catiónica del Eosinófilo/inmunología , Eosinofilia/inmunología , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Boca/inmunología , Eosinofilia/sangre , Eosinofilia/complicaciones , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/sangre , Neoplasias de la Boca/complicaciones

RESUMEN

A proteína catiônica eosinofílica (ECP) presente nos grânulos específicos dos eosinófilos apresenta atividade citotóxica, particularmente para células tumorais, entretanto a função exata dos eosinófilos e de seus produtos nas neoplasias malignas continua obscura. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a prevalência do polimorfismo 434(G>C) do gene ECP em pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) de boca e sua correlação com a eosinofilia tecidual associada aos tumores (TATE), bem como com as características demográficas, clínicas e microscópicas. O genótipo 434 do gene ECP em 165 pacientes saudáveis e em 157 pacientes com CEC de boca, tratados no Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo entre 1984 a 2002, foi detectado pela clivagem da seqüência específica de DNA amplificada com a enzima de restrição PstI e análise dos produtos de clivagem pela eletroforese em gel de agarose. A TATE foi determinada por análise morfométrica. A associação entre os genótipos, a intensidade da TATE e as variáveis demográficas, clínicas e microscópicas foi avaliada pelo teste qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. As análises das sobrevidas global, livre de doença e específica por câncer foram feitas pelo estimador limite de Kaplan-Meier e a comparação das curvas de sobrevida foi realizada utilizando-se o teste log-rank. Notou-se uma predominância dos indivíduos heterozigotos para o polimorfismo 434(G>C) do gene ECP. Nenhuma diferença estatística significativa foi obtida entre os diferentes genótipos, a intensidade da TATE e as variáveis demográficas, clínicas e microscópicas. Uma maior freqüência de esvaziamento cervical bilateral, recidiva local, embolização vascular, comprometimento das margens cirúrgicas e realização de radioterapia pós-operatória foi observada nos pacientes com CEC de boca, TATE intensa e genótipos 434GC/CC. Não houve correlação estatística significativa entre os diferentes genótipos 434 do gene ECP e as sobrevidas global, livre de doença e específica por câncer. Baseados em nossos resultados, concluímos que houve uma tendência de os pacientes com CEC de boca, intensa eosinofilia tecidual e genótipos 434GC/CC do gene ECP apresentarem uma evolução clínica desfavorável, quando comparados aos indivíduos com genótipo 434GG, provavelmente pela presença de uma variante genética dessa proteína com propriedades citotóxicas alteradas.

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Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), found in secretory granules of human eosinophils, presents cytotoxic activity, particularly against cancer cells. The specific functional role of eosinophils in solid malignant tumors remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the ECP-gene polymorphism 434(G>C) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and its association with tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE), as well as demographic, clinical and microscopic variables. The 434 genotypes in the ECP-gene of 165 healthy individuals and 157 OSCC patients, submitted to surgical treatment at the Hospital A. C. Camargo from 1984 to 2002, were detected by cleavage of the amplified DNA sequence with restriction enzyme PstI and analyses of the cleaved product by agarose gel electrophoresis. TATE, in OSCC, was obtained by morphometric analysis. Chisquare test or Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the association among ECP-gene polymorphism 434(G>C), TATE, demographic, clinical and microscopic variables. Diseasefree survival and overall survival were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit actuarial method and the comparison of the survival curves were performed using log rank test. Most of healthy individuals and OSCC patients showed the genotype 434GC. There was no statistical association among 434 genotypes, TATE intensity and demographic, clinical or microscopic variables of OSCC patients. Higher frequency of bilateral neck dissection, local recurrence, vascular embolization, involved resection margins and postoperative radiotherapy was detected in OSCC patients with intense TATE and 434GC/CC genotypes. No statistically significant differences on survival rates were found among 434 genotypes. In conclusion, these results suggest a tendency of worse clinical outcome in OSCC patients with intense TATE and 434GC/CC genotypes, probably due an ECP genetic variant with altered cytotoxic activity.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Proteína Catiónica del Eosinófilo , Eosinófilos , Polimorfismo Genético

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the morphological effects of the absence of estrogen on alveolar wound healing of young female rats after tooth extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 4- to 6-week-old female rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operations. Three weeks later, the first mandibular molars were extracted. Subsequently, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days after tooth extraction. The mandibles were removed, and serial transversal sections of mesial alveolus of the first mandibular molars were obtained for histometric analysis. RESULTS: OVX sockets showed significant increases in fibroblasts and collagen content 3 and 5 days after the extractions, followed by significant decreases in these parameters in the subsequent periods. In accordance with the decreased collagen content in the latest period of healing, new bone formation was significantly reduced in the OVX animals. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the initial molecular changes observed in the absence of estrogen lead to delayed alveolar wound healing.

Asunto(s)

Proceso Alveolar/fisiopatología , Diente Molar/cirugía , Ovariectomía , Extracción Dental , Alveolo Dental/fisiopatología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Proceso Alveolar/patología , Animales , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Colágeno/análisis , Estrógenos/fisiología , Femenino , Fibroblastos/patología , Mandíbula/patología , Mandíbula/fisiopatología , Mandíbula/cirugía , Osteogénesis/fisiología , Ovario/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tibia/patología , Factores de Tiempo , Alveolo Dental/patología , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología

RESUMEN

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. The conventional tumour and several histologic subtypes of SCC present morphologic features and specific behaviour when they occur in the oral mucosa. For example, basaloid SCC is an aggressive tumour and verrucous carcinoma has the lowest invasive and metastatic potential; however, the clinical and biologic course of these oral SCC variants has not been completely established. Furthermore, although numerous clinical and histologic features associated with oral SCC have been identified, none shows unequivocal prognostic significance. The purpose of this article is to review the various subtypes of oral SCC, emphasizing problems in their histologic diagnosis and prognosis.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Carcinoma Basoescamoso/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/clasificación , Carcinoma Verrugoso/patología , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/clasificación , Pronóstico

RESUMEN

The neurofibroma occurs as isolated or multiple lesions frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of neurofibromas, particularly the plexiform variant, in the skin and oral mucosa, discussing their pathogenesis as well as clinical management of isolated lesion unassociated with NF1. The clinicopathologic features of 66 neurofibromas in the head and neck region diagnosed at the pathology laboratories of the Bauru Dentistry School and Lauro de Souza Lima Research Institute from 1970 to 2003 were reviewed. The clinical data, therapy, and follow-up information were obtained from the medical records. The results showed a high frequency of cutaneous lesions (81.8%) occurring mainly in females older than 40 years. Isolated neurofibromas were found in 51.2% of patients, and multiple lesions were often associated with the NF-1. The histopathological analysis demonstrated that diffused neurofibromas occur more frequently than the plexiform type. However, one case of plexiform neurofibroma was detected in the oral mucosa as an isolated lesion non-associated with the NF-1. The indolent clinical behavior of isolated neurofibromas in the head and neck region and the absence of NF-1 association reinforce that sporadic lesion could be hyperplastic or hamartomatous rather than neoplastic in nature.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Neurofibroma/patología , Neurofibromatosis 1/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neurofibroma Plexiforme/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

Canalicular adenoma is an uncommon benign salivary gland neoplasm that has a marked predilection for occurrence in the upper lip. It is composed of columnar cells arranged in branching and interconnecting cords of single or double cell thick rows. This tumor has an excellent prognosis after conservative surgical treatment in all locations. In the present report we describe, using immunohistochemistry, the expression of cytokeratins (CK), S-100 protein and EMA in a canalicular adenoma that arose in the upper lip of a 55-year-old female. Cells of the canalicular adenoma showed an immunohistochemical profile that indicates an excretory duct origin: most of these cells positively expressed AE1/AE3 cytokeratins and S100 protein. A comparison of the immunohistochemical features of canalicular adenoma with other salivary gland neoplasms that share similar histological features is discussed.

Asunto(s)

Adenoma/patología , Neoplasias de los Labios/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

O cysto dentígero é uma lesão de importante significado clínico na odontopediatria, pois acomete um número considerável de pacientes jovens. Sua ocorrência na primeira década de vida não é tão elevada, mas vários casos têm sido relatados na literatura. Os autores descrevem um caso clínico de um cisto dentígero acometendo uma paciente infantil tratado conservadoramente, através de marsupialização.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Quiste Dentígero , Enfermedades Mandibulares , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Orales/métodos