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This study aimed to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors, maternal and neonatal characteristics and the time taken to introduce complementary feeding in low birthweight and preterm newborns. This is a prospective cohort study of 79 preterm newborns weighing less than or equal to 1,800g. Data were collected at the time of hospital discharge and at the 6th, 9th ,and 12th months of corrected gestational age (CGA), using a structured questionnaire to analyze the time taken to introduce complementary feeding and the texture of the foods introduced. Furthermore, the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC-BR) was used to assess the risk of developmental delay. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the variables. The introduction of complementary feeding was assessed in preterm newborns based on the median age of introduction of liquid foods (3.50; IQR: 2.50-5.00), followed by solid (4.70; IQR: 3.20-5.20) and soft foods (5.00; IQR: 4.50-5.50). There was also an association with gestational age (RR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.02-1.52) throughout the process of food introduction. For solid and soft foods, those with the longest length of stay (RR = 1.03; 95%CI: 1.10-1.05) and on mixed breastfeeding (RR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.24-7.09) delayed the introduction of complementary feeding the longest. For liquid foods, less severe preterm newborns (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension - SNAPPE II [RR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.98]) and mothers who were breastfeeding at hospital discharge (RR = 11.49; 95%CI: 1.57-84.10) delayed the introduction of complementary feeding. Guidelines are needed to better advise professionals and parents and/or guardians on the ideal time to introduce feeding.

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a associação entre os fatores sociodemográficos, as características maternas e neonatais e o tempo de introdução da alimentação complementar em recém-nascidos pré-termo e com baixo peso. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo feito com 79 recém-nascidos pré-termo com peso menor ou igual a 1.800g. Os dados foram coletados no momento da alta hospitalar e ao 6º, 9º e 12º mês de idade gestacional corrigida (IGC), com auxílio de um questionário estruturado para analisar o tempo de introdução da alimentação complementar e texturas dos alimentos introduzidos. Além disso, para avaliar o risco de atraso de desenvolvimento, utilizou-se o Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC-BR). Para análise das variáveis, aplicou-se regressão de riscos proporcionais de Cox. A introdução da alimentação complementar foi observada nos recém-nascidos pré-termo, com a mediana de idade de introdução de alimentos líquidos (3,50; IQ: 2,50-5,00), seguido por sólidos (4,70; IQ: 3,20-5,20) e pastosos (5,00; IQ: 4,50-5.50). Ainda, verificou-se associação da idade gestacional (RR = 1.25; IC95%: 1,02-1,52) em todo o processo da introdução alimentar. Para os alimentos sólidos e pastosos, aqueles com o maior tempo de internação (RR = 1,03; IC95%: 1,10- 1,05) e em amamentação mista (RR = 2,97; IC95%: 1,24-7,09) adiaram mais o tempo para introduzir a alimentação complementar. Para alimentos líquidos, recém-nascidos pré-termo menos graves (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension - SNAPPE II [RR = 0,96; IC95%: 0,94-0,98]) e mães que estavam amamentando na alta hospitalar (RR = 11,49; IC95%: 1,57-84,10) postergaram a introdução alimentar. Diretrizes para melhor orientação de profissionais e pais e/ou responsáveis sobre o momento ideal de introdução alimentar se faz necessário.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre los factores sociodemográficos, características maternas y neonatales y el momento de introducción de la alimentación complementaria en recién nacidos pretérmino (recém-nascidos pré-termo) y de bajo peso. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado con 79 recém-nascidos pré-termo con un peso menor o igual a 1.800g. Los datos se recopilaron en el momento del alta hospitalaria y al 6º, 9º y 12º mes de edad gestacional corregida (EGC), con la ayuda de un cuestionario estructurado para analizar el momento de introducción de la alimentación complementaria y las texturas de los alimentos introducidos. Además, para evaluar el riesgo de retraso en el desarrollo, se utilizó la Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC-BR). Para analizar las variables, se aplicó la regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. La introducción de la alimentación complementaria se observó en los recém-nascidos pré-termo, con la mediana de edad de introducción de alimentos líquidos (3,50; IIC: 2,50-5,00), seguido de los sólidos (4,70; IIC: 3,20-5,20) y pastosos (5,00; IIC: 4,50-5,50). Además, se constató la asociación de la edad gestacional (RR = 1,25; IC95%: 1,02-1,52) durante todo el proceso de introducción alimentaria. En el caso de alimentos sólidos y pastosos, aquellos con mayor tiempo de hospitalización (RR = 1,03; IC95%: 1,10-1,05) y en lactancia mixta (RR = 2,97; IC95%: 1,24-7,09) retrasaron más la introducción de alimentación complementaria. En el caso de alimentos líquidos, los recém-nascidos pré-termo menos graves (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension - SNAPPE II [RR = 0,96; IC95%: 0,94-0,98]) y las madres que estaban amamantando al alta hospitalaria (RR = 11,49; IC95%: 1,57-84,10) pospusieron la introducción de alimentos. Se hacen necesarias pautas para una mejor orientación a profesionales y padres o tutores sobre el momento ideal para la introducción alimentaria.

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SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged as a new threat to humans and spread around the world, leaving a large death toll. As of January 2023, Brazil is among the countries with the highest number of registered deaths. Nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions have been heterogeneously implemented in the country, which, associated with large socioeconomic differences between the country regions, has led to distinct virus spread dynamics. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the Pernambuco state (Northeast Brazil) throughout the distinct epidemiological scenarios that unfolded in the first 2 years of the pandemic. We generated a total of 1,389 new SARS-CoV-2 genomes from June 2020 to August 2021. This sampling captured the arrival, communitary transmission, and the circulation of the B1.1, B.1.1.28, and B.1.1.33 lineages; the emergence of the former variant of interest P.2; and the emergence and fast replacement of all previous variants by the more transmissible variant of concern P.1 (Gamma). Based on the incidence and lineage spread pattern, we observed an East-to-West to inner state pattern of transmission, which is in agreement with the transmission of more populous metropolitan areas to medium- and small-size country-side cities in the state. Such transmission patterns may be partially explained by the main routes of traffic across municipalities in the state. Our results highlight that the fine-grained intrastate analysis of lineages and incidence spread can provide actionable insights for planning future nonpharmacological intervention for air-borne transmissible human pathogens.IMPORTANCEDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, Brazil was one of the most affected countries, mainly due its continental-size, socioeconomic differences among regions, and heterogeneous implementation of intervention methods. In order to investigate SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in the state of Pernambuco, we conducted a spatiotemporal dispersion study, covering the period from June 2020 to August 2021, to comprehend the dynamics of viral transmission during the first 2 years of the pandemic. Throughout this study, we were able to track three significant epidemiological waves of transmission caused by B1.1, B.1.1.28, B.1.1.33, P.2, and P.1 lineages. These analyses provided valuable insights into the evolution of the epidemiological landscape, contributing to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of virus transmission during the early years of the pandemic in the state of Pernambuco.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the compliance with the commercialization of children's products included in the Brazilian Code of Marketing of Infant and Toddlers Food and Childcare-Related Products (NBCAL) in drugstores in Uberlândia/MG. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 143 drugstores that sold infant products: infant formula (IF), follow-up IF, nipples, teats, pacifiers and nipple shields; FI for young children, transition foods and cereal-based foods, fluid or powdered milk, modified/similar milks of plant origin and dairy compounds. The location of drugstores in the five geographic sectors was performed by geoprocessing. The data collected were: types of promotion and types of drugstore administration (drugstore chains/drugstores with independent administration). Irregular commercial promotion was expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Irregular commercial promotion was found in 11.7% of nipples, pacifiers and bottles, in 10.0% of IF and follow-up formula, in 9.5% of IF for young children, in 11.1% fluid or powdered milk, in 25.0% of transition foods and cereal-based foods and in 59.1% of dairy compounds. In commercial drugstore chains, the presence of promotion for dairy (81.8 vs. 28.6%, respectively) was higher than in drugstores with independent administration. The opposite ocurred for fluid or powdered milk, modified and similar milks of plant origin. The downtown and eastern sectors had the highest percentages of promotions (26%). Conclusions: NBCAL violations still occur in drugstores, mainly in the sale of young children's foods and in the commercial network drugstores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a conformidade da comercialização dos produtos infantis incluídos na Norma Brasileira de Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes e Crianças de Primeira Infância, Bicos, Chupetas e Mamadeira (NBCAL) e de compostos lácteos em drogarias de Uberlândia/MG. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 143 drogarias que vendiam produtos infantis: fórmulas infantis (FI) para lactentes, FI de seguimento para lactentes, mamadeiras, bicos, chupetas e protetores de mamilo; FI para crianças de primeira infância, alimentos de transição e alimentos à base de cereais, leites fluidos/em pó, leites modificados/similares de origem vegetal e composto lácteo. A localização das drogarias nos cinco setores geográficos foi realizada por geoprocessamento. Os dados coletados foram: tipos de promoção comercial irregular e tipo de administração da drogaria (rede/independente). As promoções comerciais irregulares foram expressas em frequências absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Verificamos a presença de promoção comercial irregular em 11,7% dos bicos, chupetas e mamadeiras, em 10,0% das FI lactentes/seguimento de lactentes, em 9,5% das FI para crianças de primeira infância, em 11,1% dos leites, em 25,0% de alimentos de transição e em 59,1% dos compostos lácteos. Nas drogarias de rede, a presença de promoção comercial irregular foi maior para compostos lácteos (81,8 vs. 28,6%, respectivamente) e, para leites, foi maior nas drogarias independentes (30,8 vs. 6,0%). Os setores central e leste apresentaram os maiores percentuais de promoção comercial irregular (26%). Conclusões: As violações à NBCAL ainda ocorrem nas drogarias, principalmente para os produtos destinados às crianças de primeira infância, e nas drogarias de rede.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of physiotherapists in assisting patients suspected to have or diagnosed with COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units in Brazil regarding technical training, working time, care practice, labor conditions and remuneration. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional survey was carried out through an electronic questionnaire distributed to physiotherapists who worked in the care of patients with COVID-19 in Brazilian intensive care units. RESULTS: A total of 657 questionnaires were completed by physiotherapists from the five regions of the country, with 85.3% working in adult, 5.4% in neonatal, 5.3% in pediatric and 3.8% in mixed intensive care units (pediatric and neonatal). In intensive care units with a physiotherapists available 24 hours/day, physiotherapists worked more frequently (90.6%) in the assembly, titration, and monitoring of noninvasive ventilation (p = 0.001). Most intensive care units with 12-hour/day physiotherapists (25.8%) did not apply any protocol compared to intensive care units with 18-hour/day physiotherapy (9.9%) versus 24 hours/day (10.2%) (p = 0.032). Most of the respondents (51.0%) received remuneration 2 or 3 times the minimum wage, and only 25.1% received an additional payment for working with patients suspected to have or diagnosed with COVID-19; 85.7% of them did not experience a lack of personal protective equipment. CONCLUSION: Intensive care units with 24-hour/day physiotherapists had higher percentages of protocols and noninvasive ventilation for patients with COVID-19. The use of specific resources varied between the types of intensive care units and hospitals and in relation to the physiotherapists' labor conditions. This study showed that most professionals had little experience in intensive care and low wages.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the role of physiotherapists in assisting patients suspected to have or diagnosed with COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units in Brazil regarding technical training, working time, care practice, labor conditions and remuneration. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was carried out through an electronic questionnaire distributed to physiotherapists who worked in the care of patients with COVID-19 in Brazilian intensive care units. Results: A total of 657 questionnaires were completed by physiotherapists from the five regions of the country, with 85.3% working in adult, 5.4% in neonatal, 5.3% in pediatric and 3.8% in mixed intensive care units (pediatric and neonatal). In intensive care units with a physiotherapists available 24 hours/day, physiotherapists worked more frequently (90.6%) in the assembly, titration, and monitoring of noninvasive ventilation (p = 0.001). Most intensive care units with 12-hour/day physiotherapists (25.8%) did not apply any protocol compared to intensive care units with 18-hour/day physiotherapy (9.9%) versus 24 hours/day (10.2%) (p = 0.032). Most of the respondents (51.0%) received remuneration 2 or 3 times the minimum wage, and only 25.1% received an additional payment for working with patients suspected to have or diagnosed with COVID-19; 85.7% of them did not experience a lack of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Intensive care units with 24-hour/day physiotherapists had higher percentages of protocols and noninvasive ventilation for patients with COVID-19. The use of specific resources varied between the types of intensive care units and hospitals and in relation to the physiotherapists' labor conditions. This study showed that most professionals had little experience in intensive care and low wages.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o papel dos fisioterapeutas na assistência a pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico da COVID-19 internados em unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil em relação a: formação técnica, tempo de trabalho, prática assistencial, condições de trabalho e remuneração. Métodos: Foi realizado um inquérito transversal analítico com questionário eletrônico distribuído aos fisioterapeutas que atuavam no atendimento de pacientes com COVID-19 em unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras. Resultados: Foram preenchidos 657 questionários por fisioterapeutas das cinco regiões do país, sendo que 85,3% trabalhavam em unidades de terapia intensiva adulto, 5,4% em neonatal, 5,3% em pediátrica e 3,8% em unidades de terapia intensiva mista (pediátrica e neonatal). Nas unidades de terapia intensiva com um fisioterapeuta disponível 24 horas por dia, os fisioterapeutas trabalharam com mais frequência (90,6%) na montagem, titulação e monitoramento da ventilação não invasiva (p = 0,001). A maioria das UTIs com fisioterapia 12 horas por dia (25,8%) não aplicou nenhum protocolo comparativamente às unidades de terapia intensiva com fisioterapia 18 horas por dia (9,9%) e às de 24 horas por dia (10,2%) (p = 0,032). A maioria dos entrevistados (51,0%) recebia remuneração de duas a três vezes o salário mínimo, e apenas 25,1% recebiam pagamento adicional por trabalhar com pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico da COVID-19; 85,7% deles não enfrentaram falta de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual. Conclusão: As unidades de terapia intensiva com fisioterapeutas 24 horas por dia apresentaram maiores porcentagens de protocolos e ventilação não invasiva para pacientes com COVID-19. A utilização de recursos específicos variou entre os tipos de unidades de terapia intensiva e hospitais e em relação às condições de trabalho dos fisioterapeutas. Este estudo mostrou que a maioria dos profissionais tinha pouca experiência em terapia intensiva e baixa remuneração.

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The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis has been reported worldwide. However, some basic questions remain unanswered about A. cantonensis in Ecuador: (1) Was the invasion of A. cantonensis in Ecuador unique, or did it occur in different waves? (2) Was this invasion as recent as historical records suggest? (3) Did this invasion come from other regions of South America or elsewhere? To address these issues, we assessed the genetic diversity of MT-CO1 gene sequences from isolates obtained in 11 of Ecuador's 24 provinces. Our Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree recovered A. cantonensis as a well-supported monophyletic group. All 11 sequences from Ecuador were identical and identified as AC17a. The haplotype AC17a, found in Ecuador and the USA, formed a cluster with AC17b (USA), AC13 (Thailand), and AC12a-b (Cambodia). Notably, all the samples obtained in Ecuadorian provinces' different geographic and climatic regions had no genetic difference. Despite the lack of genetic information on A. cantonensis in Latin America, except in Brazil, our finding differs from previous studies by its absence of gene diversity in Ecuador. We concluded that the invasion of A. cantonensis in Ecuador may have occurred: (1) as a one-time event, (2) recently, and (3) from Asia via the USA. Further research should include samples from countries neighboring Ecuador to delve deeper into this.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare feeding practices of low birthweight (LBW) infants, according to type of care received during and after hospital discharge: Kangaroo Care (KC) and Conventional Care (CC). METHODS: Prospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital (Brazil) between 2019 and 2021. The sample consisted of 65 LBW infants (weight ≤ 1800 g)-46 in KC and 19 in CC. KC includes breastfeeding (BF) guidance and support to parents at hospital and after discharge. Data collection was performed at hospital discharge, and at the 4th and 6th month of corrected gestational age (CGA). Consumption of 27 foods was analyzed in the last 2 periods of the follow-up and expressed in relative frequency. Three indicators were analyzed: exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), mixed BF, and introduction of liquid and solid foods. RESULTS: Groups had similar health characteristics, except for the weight at hospital discharge and the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology - Perinatal (SNAPPE II) score that were lower in KC group. We found higher frequency of EBF among KC at hospital discharge (CC = 5.3% vs KC = 47.8%; P = 0.001). The higher frequency of mixed BF was observed in KC at 4 months of CGA (CC = 5.6% vs KC = 35.0%; P = 0.023), and at 6 months of CGA (CC = 0.0% vs KC = 24.4%; P = 0.048). Consumption of solid foods (4th month of CGA = 25.9%, 6th month of CGA = 91.2%) and liquids (4th month of CGA = 77.6%, 6th month of CGA = 89.5%) were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In KC, SNAPPE II scores were lower and frequency of EBF was higher at hospital discharge and frequency of mixed BF was higher over 6 months. Early supply of infant formula, liquid and solid foods were similar in both groups.

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In the conilon coffee tree, the stress caused by high light can reduce the photosynthetic rate, limit the development and also reduce the yield of beans. Considering that the quality of a sunscreen spray can influence photosynthetic performance, the goal was to understand the iterations between the quality of the spray and the variation of the chlorophyll a fluorescence when applying sunscreen on conilon coffee trees. The parameters coverage, volumetric median diameter, density, droplet deposition, and the variation of the chlorophyll a fluorescence were evaluated. The nozzle and application rate factors did not show direct effects in the physiological responses of the plants. Plants with no sunscreen application showed high values of energy dissipation flux. The photosystem II (PSII) performance index and PSII photochemical maximum efficiency indicate that the use of sunscreen for plants promotes better performance of photosynthetic activity and that it provides photoprotection against luminous stress, regardless of the application rate and spraying nozzle; however, we recommend using the application rate of 100 L ha-1 and the cone jet nozzle type because they provide lower risks of product loss due to runoff.

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The subject of this research is related to sustainable tourism and its connection with lifestyle entrepreneurship. The Portuguese business fabric is formed by micro, small, and medium sized enterprises which have emerged in big numbers over the last years, mainly related directly and indirectly to the tourism industry. The discussed issue of this study is whether these companies are a vehicle for sustainable tourism in rural areas. Via a qualitative method, through a comparative case study of 11 businesses, the goal is to evaluate if the lifestyle entrepreneurship initiatives promote sustainable tourism in rural areas, identifying the specific business created and evaluating their growth toward the planned strategies and actions related to internal resources and capacity, as well as marketing. Lastly, the results present the plans made for growth according to the necessary balance among economic progress, environment, public health, and a social context. This study promotes decision tools for entrepreneurs and destination managers as to the practices to be adopted with the goal of sustainable development. Thus, in terms of ecological responsibility, the use of renewable energy through biomass is a very efficient practice because it both produces energy and reduces waste, since the energy production comes from plants and animal waste.

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Gastronomy experiences are becoming a fundamental factor that influences the making of a decision regarding choosing a travel destination, as well as being a crucial factor in shaping tourists' satisfaction regarding their overall travel experience. The aim of the study is to identify and explain the simultaneous impact of the key factors that influence a gastronomic experience and their impact on tourists' satisfaction with a trip and the destination's brand. These issues were addressed within the context of Ukraine, as this is an overlooked area of academic research, and an online survey was conducted, targeting domestic and international tourists. Structural equation modeling was used to assess and reveal the proposed hypotheses in the model. The study contributed to the theoretical understanding of the key factors that increases the occurrence of a memorable gastronomic experience and the relationship between the experience of food and its role in the satisfaction of and the perceived brand of a destination. Moreover, the finding showed that past experience and prior knowledge have a positive influence on the gastronomy experience, while tourists' prior knowledge effects the perceived quality of a destination's cuisine, as well as the food activities in the destination. Linkages in the model were empirically supported by statistical analyses. Nonetheless, the various level of the tourists' involvement with gastronomy might be used as an input to examine and improve the memorable gastronomic experience on-site. The research simultaneously highlighted the importance of gastronomy to tourist destinations for positioning on international and domestic markets. The paper not only provides theoretical but also practical implications. The hospitality and tourism businesses benefit from acknowledging the importance of local food and the local food market. The findings of this study are also deemed to assist destination marketers who observe that tourists have become more demanding in search of unique experiences offered by destinations.

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Blight is a concept not commonly discussed. However, blight is a problem that exists in the lives of many people, especially if they reside in urban areas. Blight originates whenever properties are neglected, contributing to both a functional and social depreciation process and ultimately leading to uninhabitable dwellings. Despite being blighted, these properties and surrounding neighborhoods often are occupied by families who fail to have sufficient income to afford residences that meet minimum standards or to live in neighborhoods free from drug trafficking and prostitution or other forms of crime. Blight may spread rapidly, thus, experts must, in a timely manner, analyze its causes, which are essential to preventing and mitigating blight problems. The purpose of this study is to seek an understanding of blight and identify its causal factors. The generic methods commonly applied in previous blight research present limitations that this study aims to overcome by using cognitive mapping and the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. This dual methodology provides a more transparent and less restrictive approach for analyzing and complying with the dynamics of cause-and-effect relationships among variables. Group debate involving a panel of specialists in this field identified six causation clusters based on the experts' experience and knowledge. The resulting framework and its application were validated both by these specialists and the head of the Territorial and Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Division of Cascais City Council Strategic Planning Department, Portugal.

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Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and disease severity in individuals with cystic fibrosis treated at a reference center in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective study that collected clinical and laboratory data, respiratory and gastrointestinal manifestations, type of treatment, Shwachman-Kulczycki score, and mutations from the patients' medical records. Results: The sample included 50 participants aged one to 33 years, 50% of whom were female. Out of the one hundred alleles of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene, the most prevalent mutations were DeltaF508 (45%) and S4X (18%). Mutation groups were only associated with pancreatic insufficiency (p=0.013) and not with disease severity (p=0.073). The latter presented an association with colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (p=0.007) and with underweight (p=0.036). Death was associated with age at diagnosis (p=0.016), respiratory symptomatology (p=0.013), colonization (p=0.024), underweight (p=0.017), and hospitalization (p=0.003). Conclusions: We could identify the association of mutations with pancreatic insufficiency; the association of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and underweight with disease severity; and the lack of association between mutations and disease severity. Environmental factors should be investigated more thoroughly since they seem to have an important effect on disease severity.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre as características fenotípicas, genotípicas e a gravidade da doença em indivíduos com fibrose cística atendidos em um centro de referência de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, em que os dados clínicos, laboratoriais, as manifestações respiratórias e gastrointestinais, o tipo de tratamento, o escore de Shwachman-Kulczycki e as mutações foram coletados dos prontuários de registros dos pacientes. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 50 participantes, de um a 33 anos de idade, sendo 50% do sexo feminino. Do total de cem alelos do gene Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, as mutações mais prevalentes foram Delta F508 (45%) e S4X (18%). Os grupos de mutações apresentaram associação somente (p=0,013) com a insuficiência pancreática e não com a gravidade da doença (p=0,073). Esta última apresentou associação com a colonização por Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus (p=0,007) e com baixo peso (p=0,036). O óbito foi associado com a idade no diagnóstico (p=0,016), a sintomatologia respiratória (p=0,013), a colonização (p=0,024), o baixo peso (p=0,017) e a ocorrência de internação (p=0,003). Conclusões: Foi possível observar associação entre as mutações e a presença de insuficiência pancreática; entre a colonização por Staphylococcus aureus e o baixo peso com a gravidade da doença; e ausência de associação entre as mutações e a gravidade da doença. Os fatores ambientais merecem ser investigados mais detalhadamente, pois parecem apresentar impacto importante na gravidade da doença.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and disease severity in individuals with cystic fibrosis treated at a reference center in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: This is a retrospective study that collected clinical and laboratory data, respiratory and gastrointestinal manifestations, type of treatment, Shwachman-Kulczycki score, and mutations from the patients' medical records. RESULTS: The sample included 50 participants aged one to 33 years, 50% of whom were female. Out of the one hundred alleles of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene, the most prevalent mutations were DeltaF508 (45%) and S4X (18%). Mutation groups were only associated with pancreatic insufficiency (p=0.013) and not with disease severity (p=0.073). The latter presented an association with colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (p=0.007) and with underweight (p=0.036). Death was associated with age at diagnosis (p=0.016), respiratory symptomatology (p=0.013), colonization (p=0.024), underweight (p=0.017), and hospitalization (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: We could identify the association of mutations with pancreatic insufficiency; the association of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and underweight with disease severity; and the lack of association between mutations and disease severity. Environmental factors should be investigated more thoroughly since they seem to have an important effect on disease severity.

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Abstract Objective Assess the mediating role of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the association between the Kangaroo Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit and exclusive breastfeeding. Method Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in the Neonatal Unit of a Brazilian university hospital between September 2018 and March 2020. The sample consisted of 114 newborns weighing ≤1800 g and their mothers who were divided into those who participated in the first and second stages of the Kangaroo Method and those who only passed through the first stage, categorized as the Conventional group. To assess the self-efficacy of breastfeeding, the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale - Short-Form was used. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the breastfeeding self-efficacy score between the groups, and Fisher's exact test to compare rates of exclusive breastfeeding. The adjusted structural equation model was used to check for the mediating effect of breastfeeding self-efficacy. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results The kangaroo group had a higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge (p= 0.000). There was a positive association between having remained in the kangaroo (p= 0.003) and the breastfeeding self-efficacy score (p= 0.025) with the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge. Breastfeeding self-efficacy did not act as a mediator. Conclusion The self-efficacy of breastfeeding and the stay of the low birth weight newborn baby in the kangaroo unit acted positively and independently in exclusive breastfeeding, and the self-efficacy of breastfeeding did not act as a mediator in this association.

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Studies involving the interaction between musical mode and tempo on time perception have been carried out through comparisons between a single major mode and a single minor mode, presented in different tempi. However, classifying the modes only into major and minor has not been considered sufficient. The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of the musical mode and tempo interaction on time perception analyzing the effect of different modes performed in the slow, moderate and fast tempi. Fifty undergraduate students of both sexes individually listened to 12 musical excerpts (4 modes - Ionian, Mixolydian, Dorian and Aeolian - and 3 tempi - 72 bpm, 114 bpm, and 184 bpm), one excerpt at a time. After each excerpt, the participants performed a time-reproduction task, in which they had to press a button (beginning of the task), recal the duration of each excerpt and press a button again (end of the task). Results showed no interaction between mode and tempi and no differences between musical modes, regardless of tempo. However, regardless of the mode, excerpts in slow tempo was judged shorter than in moderate and fast tempi, respectively, and excerpts in moderate tempo was judged shorter than excerpts in fast tempo. These results can contribute to understanding the psychological processes of attention, memory and expectancy related to the perception of time in music listening situations.

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Methyl acetate is considered a prototype molecule to study biodiesel ignition and combustion and is seen as a possible fuel or fuel additive. For this reason, methyl acetate decomposition paths have been investigated in recent years. In the present study, hydrogen abstraction reactions on methyl acetate by OH(2Π), HO2(2A'), H(2Σg), O(3P), and O2(3Σg) were conducted, and the effect of methodology and anharmonic corrections on the rate coefficients were evaluated. The M06-2X and B3LYP-D3 functionals with the cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ basis set were used for methodology evaluation and the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ for the rate coefficients calculation and literature comparisons. The rate coefficients were calculated in the range of 250-3500 K, including tunneling corrections, methyl-hindered rotations, and anharmonic effects calculated by the VPT2 method. The methodology analysis showed that the B3LYP-D3 functional leads to lower activation energies for all elementary reactions studied, and the double-zeta basis is insufficient to calculate precise rate coefficients. The inclusion of anharmonic corrections consistently lowered the rate coefficients of all elementary reactions studied and changed the Arrhenius plot profile with the temperature. Significant anharmonic effects were observed at higher temperatures, being the reaction with O2(3Σg) the most affected by this correction. Differences superior to 105 cm3 molec-1 s-1 in the rate coefficients were observed in some cases.

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OBJECTIVE: To present the urban arboviruses (dengue, zika and chikungunya) stratification methodology by the territorial receptivity Index, an instrument for the surveillance and control of these diseases, which considers the heterogeneity of an intra-municipal territory. METHODS: Ecological study that uses as unit of analysis the areas covered by health centers in Belo Horizonte. For the development of a territorial receptivity index, indicators of socio-environmental determination of urban arboviruses were selected in order to integrate the analysis of main components. The resulting components were weighted by the analytic hierarchy process and combined via map algebra. RESULTS: The territorial receptivity index showed great heterogeneity of urban infrastructure conditions. The areas classified with high and very high receptivity correspond to approximately 33% of the occupied area and are mainly concentrated in the administrative planning regions of East, Northeast, North, West, and Barreiro, especially in areas surrounding the municipality. When the density of dengue cases and Aedes eggs, from 2016, were superimposed with the stratification by the index of territorial receptivity to urban arboviruses, areas of very high receptivity had a high density of cases and Aedes eggs - higher than that observed in other areas of the city, which corresponds to a very small percentage of the municipal territory (13.5%). CONCLUSION: The analyses indicate the need for the development of adequate surveillance and control actions for each context, overcoming the logic of homogeneous allocation throughout the territory.

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The study aimed to present the methodological proposal entitled "Prompt Response", modelled in the cities of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais State) and Natal (Rio Grande do Norte State), Brazil. The proposal aims to identify and demarcate priority areas for timely targeting of surveillance activities, aiming to reduce the intensity and velocity in the spread of epidemics in endemic urban areas. The methodology uses three variables that represent the necessary causes for the production and reproduction of dengue: notified cases (virus), Aedes eggs (vector), and population (host). This was an ecological study that used data from three information planes aggregated in finer temporal and spatial scales of 3 to 4 weeks and 400 to 600-meter grids, respectively. The prompt response areas were defined by Scan statistical analysis with definition of simultaneous spatial clusters for the three planes via the SaTScan program. In Natal, the areas defined as prompt response occupied, on average, 15.2% of the city's territory and concentrated 67.77% of the dengue cases in the period following demarcation of the prompt response areas. In Belo Horizonte, the observed proportions were 64.16% of cases in 23.23% of the territory. These results were obtained in two cities with different socioenvironmental and geographic realities and distinct epidemiological profiles, indicating that the methodology can be applied to different urban realities, allowing control programs to concentrate on reduced portions of the territory and impacting a high percentage of cases in timely fashion.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar a proposta metodológica denominada de "Pronta Resposta" modelada nas cidades de Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) e Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), Brasil. A metodologia visa identificar e delimitar áreas prioritárias para o direcionamento das ações de vigilância em tempo oportuno, buscando a redução da intensidade e velocidade da dispersão de epidemias em áreas urbanas endêmicas. Para tanto, a metodologia utiliza três variáveis, que representam as causas necessárias para a produção e reprodução da dengue: casos notificados (vírus), ovos de Aedes (vetor) e população (hospedeiro). Trata-se de um estudo ecológico que utilizou os dados dos três planos de informações agregados em escalas temporais e espaciais mais finas, de três a quatro semanas e grades de 400 a 600 metros respectivamente. As áreas de pronta resposta foram definidas por meio de análise estatística de varredura Scan, com definição de clusters espaciais simultâneos para os três planos por meio do programa SaTScan. Os resultados observados foram: na cidade de Natal, as áreas definidas como pronta resposta ocuparam em média 15,2% do território do município e concentraram 67,77% dos casos de dengue do período posterior ao utilizado na delimitação das áreas de pronta resposta, e em Belo Horizonte, os números observados foram de 64,16% dos casos em 23,23% do território. Esses resultados foram obtidos em duas cidades com realidades socioambientais e geográficas diferentes e com perfis epidemiológicos também distintos, apontando que a metodologia pode ser aplicada em diferentes realidades urbanas, criando a possibilidade de os programas de controle atuarem em porções reduzidas do território e impactar num alto percentual de casos em tempo oportuno.

El objetivo del trabajo fue presentar la propuesta metodológica, denominada de "Resposta Rápida", modelada en las ciudades de Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais) y Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), Brasil. Esta última tiene como meta identificar y delimitar áreas prioritarias para la ejecución de acciones de vigilancia en el momento oportuno, buscando la reducción de la intensidad y velocidad de la dispersión de epidemias en áreas urbanas endémicas. Para tal fin, la metodología utiliza tres variables, que representan las causas necesarias para la producción y reproducción del dengue: casos notificados (virus), huevos de Aedes (vector) y población (huésped). Se trata de un estudio ecológico que utilizó los datos de los tres planos de información agregados en escalas temporales y espaciales más finas, de 3 a 4 semanas y tablas de 400 a 600 metros respectivamente. Las áreas de respuesta rápida se definieron a través del análisis estadístico de exploración Scan, con definición de clústeres espaciales simultáneos para los tres planos mediante el programa SaTScan. Los resultados observados fueron: en la ciudad de Natal, las áreas definidas como de respuesta rápida ocuparon de media un 15,2% del territorio del municipio y concentraron un 67,77% de los casos de dengue del período posterior al utilizado en la delimitación de las áreas de respuesta rápida y, en Belo Horizonte, los números observados fueron un 64,16% de los casos en un 23,23% del territorio. Estos resultados se obtuvieron en dos ciudades con realidades socioambientales y geográficas diferentes y con perfiles epidemiológicos también distintos, apuntando que la metodología se puede aplicar en diferentes realidades urbanas. Dando la posibilidad de que los programas de control actúen en secciones reducidas del territorio e impactar en un alto porcentaje de casos en el momento oportuno.

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OBJECTIVE: Assess the mediating role of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the association between the Kangaroo Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit and exclusive breastfeeding. METHOD: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in the Neonatal Unit of a Brazilian university hospital between September 2018 and March 2020. The sample consisted of 114 newborns weighing ≤1800 g and their mothers who were divided into those who participated in the first and second stages of the Kangaroo Method and those who only passed through the first stage, categorized as the Conventional group. To assess the self-efficacy of breastfeeding, the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale - Short-Form was used. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the breastfeeding self-efficacy score between the groups, and Fisher's exact test to compare rates of exclusive breastfeeding. The adjusted structural equation model was used to check for the mediating effect of breastfeeding self-efficacy. The significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS: The kangaroo group had a higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge (p = 0.000). There was a positive association between having remained in the kangaroo (p = 0.003) and the breastfeeding self-efficacy score (p = 0.025) with the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge. Breastfeeding self-efficacy did not act as a mediator. CONCLUSION: The self-efficacy of breastfeeding and the stay of the low birth weight newborn baby in the kangaroo unit acted positively and independently in exclusive breastfeeding, and the self-efficacy of breastfeeding did not act as a mediator in this association.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To present the urban arboviruses (dengue, zika and chikungunya) stratification methodology by the territorial receptivity Index, an instrument for the surveillance and control of these diseases, which considers the heterogeneity of an intra-municipal territory. METHODS Ecological study that uses as unit of analysis the areas covered by health centers in Belo Horizonte. For the development of a territorial receptivity index, indicators of socio-environmental determination of urban arboviruses were selected in order to integrate the analysis of main components. The resulting components were weighted by the analytic hierarchy process and combined via map algebra. RESULTS The territorial receptivity index showed great heterogeneity of urban infrastructure conditions. The areas classified with high and very high receptivity correspond to approximately 33% of the occupied area and are mainly concentrated in the administrative planning regions of East, Northeast, North, West, and Barreiro, especially in areas surrounding the municipality. When the density of dengue cases and Aedes eggs, from 2016, were superimposed with the stratification by the index of territorial receptivity to urban arboviruses, areas of very high receptivity had a high density of cases and Aedes eggs - higher than that observed in other areas of the city, which corresponds to a very small percentage of the municipal territory (13.5%). CONCLUSION The analyses indicate the need for the development of adequate surveillance and control actions for each context, overcoming the logic of homogeneous allocation throughout the territory.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar a metodologia de estratificação das arboviroses urbanas (dengue, zika e chikungunya) pelo índice de receptividade territorial, instrumento de vigilância e controle dessas doenças que considera a heterogeneidade territorial intramunicipal. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico que utiliza como unidade de análise as áreas de abrangência dos centros de saúde de Belo Horizonte (MG). Para a construção do índice de receptividade territorial foram selecionados indicadores de determinação socioambiental das arboviroses urbanas a fim de integrar à análise de componentes principais. As componentes resultantes foram ponderadas por análise de processos hierárquicos e agregadas por meio de álgebra de mapas. RESULTADOS O índice de receptividade territorial evidenciou grande heterogeneidade das condições de infraestrutura urbana. As áreas classificadas como alta e muito alta receptividade correspondem a aproximadamente 33% da área ocupada e se concentram sobretudo nas regiões de planejamento administrativo Leste, Nordeste, Norte, Oeste e Barreiro, principalmente em áreas limítrofes do município. Quando sobrepostas à densidade de casos de dengue e de ovos de Aedes em 2016, a estratificação pelo índice de receptividade territorial às arboviroses urbanas demonstra que áreas de muito alta receptividade apresentam uma densidade de casos, bem como de ovos de Aedes superior àquela observada nas demais áreas da cidade, o que corresponde a um percentual bastante reduzido do território municipal (13,5%). CONCLUSÕES As análises indicam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações de vigilância e controle adequadas para cada contexto, superando, assim, a lógica de alocação homogênea em todo o território.

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