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Abstract: Introduction: The central topic of the present study is the evaluation of Information and Communication Technology use by medical students, since this relationship has become inseparable from medical training and practice. Objective: To characterize the profile of Information and Communication Technology use among medical students, identifying which are the most frequently used, the possible stimuli and the main impediments to its use. Method: An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out by applying an electronic form on the Google Forms® platform, to students attending from the 1st to the 12th semester of undergraduate medical school. Results: Of the 216 participants, there was a predominance of females (60.6%), aged between 20-24 years (65.3%) and with a family income of less than 3 minimum wages (36.1%). The main device used by the participants was the smartphone (68.1%) and the most frequently used Information and Communication Technologies were text messaging apps (99.5%) and internet browsers (96.8%), while Medication Apps (48.1%) and Specialized Calculators (31%) were significantly less often used. The main benefit mentioned was the possibility of distance communication, while the main impediment was the issue of security. Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of technologies by medical students is quite frequent and varied, but purposeful training, by teachers and students, is necessary for better use of the available technologies.

Resumo: Introdução: O tema central deste estudo é a avaliação do uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) pelos discentes do curso de Medicina, uma vez que, nos dias atuais, tal relação tornou-se indissociável da formação e da prática médica. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil de utilização de TIC entre os acadêmicos, de modo a identificar quais são as mais adotadas, os possíveis estímulos e as principais barreiras ao seu uso. Método: Foi realizado um estudo observacional e transversal por meio da aplicação de um formulário eletrônico, do qual participaram discentes do primeiro ao 12º período da graduação. Resultado: Entre os 216 participantes, notou-se uma predominância do sexo feminino (60,6%), na faixa etária entre 20 e 24 anos (65,3%) e com renda familiar inferior a três salários mínimos (36,1%). O principal dispositivo utilizado pelos participantes foi o smartphone (68,1%). Quanto às TIC, os estudantes apontaram preferência por aplicativos de mensagens de texto (99,5%) e navegadores de internet (96,8%), enquanto aplicativos de medicamentos (48,1%) e calculadoras especializadas (31%) foram significativamente menos utilizados. De acordo com participantes do estudo, a possibilidade de comunicação a distância é o principal benefício das TIC. Com relação aos possíveis problemas, predominou o quesito segurança. Conclusão: O uso das tecnologias pelos acadêmicos é bastante frequente e variado, porém há a necessidade de treinamento deliberado de docentes e discentes para maior aproveitamento das tecnologias disponíveis.

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OBJECTIVES: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a frequent comorbid condition associated with distinct unrelated diseases. While the incidence of RLS has not been definitively confirmed, RLS-like symptoms have been reported in a section of Asian population who also had hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of RLS is generally low in Asian populations. Under these circumstances, we hypothesized that in a population where RLS is common, such as in Brazil, RLS could manifest as a comorbid ailment alongside Graves' disease, a common hyperthyroid condition. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, 108 patients who presented with Graves' disease were analyzed for restless legs or associated symptoms. RESULTS: Twelve patients (11.1%) displayed symptoms of RLS prior to the incidence of Graves' disease. These patients experienced worsening of the symptoms during their hyperthyroid state. Six patients (5.6%) developed RLS, consequent upon the incidence of Graves' disease as per the consensus of the panel of the experts. Fifteen patients (13.9%) also presented with RLS-like symptoms without any discernible circadian feature of the syndrome. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that Graves' disease might trigger restless legs-like symptoms, while the condition of hyperthyroidism could also be complicated by definite RLS.

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In this study, we evaluated the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of protein preparations obtained from Cassia fistula L. and Combretum leprosum Mart. leaves on the gastrointestinal parasites of goats. Protein preparations were obtained after the extraction of C. fistula L. and C. leprosum Mart. leaves, followed by protein fractionation (with ammonium sulfate saturation percentages of 30%, 30%-60%, and 60%-90%) and dialysis, which resulted in protein fractions (called F1, F2, and F3, respectively). The fractions were evaluated by egg hatching (the eggs were recovered in stool samples from naturally infected goats) and larval development tests. The results reveled that the inhibition of hatching of eggs caused by the protein fractions of C. fistula (38%) were similar to that of the control drug, thiabendazole. In addition, the fractions of C. fistula caused significant inhibition (61-69%) of larval development also. However, C. leprosum did not reveal significant inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. We conclude that C. fistula L. showed better ovicidal and larvicidal activity against endoparasites.

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In this study, we evaluated the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of protein preparations obtained from Cassia fistula L. and Combretum leprosum Mart. leaves on the gastrointestinal parasites of goats. Protein preparations were obtained after the extraction of C. fistula L. and C. leprosum Mart. leaves, followed by protein fractionation (with ammonium sulfate saturation percentages of 30%, 30%-60%, and 60%-90%) and dialysis, which resulted in protein fractions (called F1, F2, and F3, respectively). The fractions were evaluated by egg hatching (the eggs were recovered in stool samples from naturally infected goats) and larval development tests. The results reveled that the inhibition of hatching of eggs caused by the protein fractions of C. fistula (38%) were similar to that of the control drug, thiabendazole. In addition, the fractions of C. fistula caused significant inhibition (61-69%) of larval development also. However, C. leprosum did not reveal significant inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. We conclude that C. fistula L. showed better ovicidal and larvicidal activity against endoparasites.(AU)

Neste estudo, foram avaliadas as atividades ovicida e larvicida de preparações proteicas de Cassia fistula L. e Combretum leprosum Mart. em parasitas gastrointestinais de caprinos. As preparações proteicas foram obtidas por extração das folhas de C. fistula L. e C. leprosum Mart. seguido pelo fracionamento proteico (com porcentagens de saturação de sulfato de amônio de 30%, 30-60%, 60-90%) e diálise, resultando nas frações proteicas (intituladas F1, F2 e F3, respectivamente). As frações foram avaliadas nos testes de eclosão de ovos (os ovos foram recuperados em amostras de fezes de cabras naturalmente infectadas) e de desenvolvimento larvar. Os resultados revelaram que a inibição da eclosão de ovos causada pelas frações proteicas de C. fistula (38%) foi semelhante à do fármaco controle, o tiabendazol. Além disso, as frações de C. fistula também causaram inibição significativa (61-69%) do desenvolvimento larvar. No entanto, C. leprosum não revelou inibição significativa na eclosão dos ovos e no desenvolvimento larvar. Concluiu-se que C. fistula L. mostrou uma melhor atividade ovicida e larvicida contra endoparasitas.(AU)

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Abstract In this study, we evaluated the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of protein preparations obtained from Cassia fistula L. and Combretum leprosum Mart. leaves on the gastrointestinal parasites of goats. Protein preparations were obtained after the extraction of C. fistula L. and C. leprosum Mart. leaves, followed by protein fractionation (with ammonium sulfate saturation percentages of 30%, 30%-60%, and 60%-90%) and dialysis, which resulted in protein fractions (called F1, F2, and F3, respectively). The fractions were evaluated by egg hatching (the eggs were recovered in stool samples from naturally infected goats) and larval development tests. The results reveled that the inhibition of hatching of eggs caused by the protein fractions of C. fistula (38%) were similar to that of the control drug, thiabendazole. In addition, the fractions of C. fistula caused significant inhibition (61-69%) of larval development also. However, C. leprosum did not reveal significant inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. We conclude that C. fistula L. showed better ovicidal and larvicidal activity against endoparasites.

Resumo Neste estudo, foram avaliadas as atividades ovicida e larvicida de preparações proteicas de Cassia fistula L. e Combretum leprosum Mart. em parasitas gastrointestinais de caprinos. As preparações proteicas foram obtidas por extração das folhas de C. fistula L. e C. leprosum Mart. seguido pelo fracionamento proteico (com porcentagens de saturação de sulfato de amônio de 30%, 30-60%, 60-90%) e diálise, resultando nas frações proteicas (intituladas F1, F2 e F3, respectivamente). As frações foram avaliadas nos testes de eclosão de ovos (os ovos foram recuperados em amostras de fezes de cabras naturalmente infectadas) e de desenvolvimento larvar. Os resultados revelaram que a inibição da eclosão de ovos causada pelas frações proteicas de C. fistula (38%) foi semelhante à do fármaco controle, o tiabendazol. Além disso, as frações de C. fistula também causaram inibição significativa (61-69%) do desenvolvimento larvar. No entanto, C. leprosum não revelou inibição significativa na eclosão dos ovos e no desenvolvimento larvar. Concluiu-se que C. fistula L. mostrou uma melhor atividade ovicida e larvicida contra endoparasitas.

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O fibroma odontogênico central é definido como uma neoplasia benigna dos maxilares caracterizada por apresentar uma quantidade variável de epitélio odontogênico inativo em meio a um estroma de tecido conjuntivo fibroso. É considerada uma neoplasia rara que representa de 0% a 5,5% de todos os tumores odontogênicos na maioria dos estudos retrospectivos encontrados na literatura. Acomete pacientes em uma ampla faixa etária com certa predominância em indivíduos do sexo feminino. Apresenta-se, na grande maioria dos casos, como uma lesão de crescimento lento e assintomático que pode promover abaulamento das corticais ósseas adjacentes. Do ponto de vista radiográfico, aparece, tipicamente, sob a forma de uma imagem radiolúcida uni ou multilocular com margens bem definidas, podendo apresentar focos de calcificação em seu interior. O fibroma odontogênico central é subdividido histologicamente em tipo simples (pobre em epitélio) e tipo OMS (rico em epitélio). A lesão responde bem ao tratamento cirúrgico conservador por enucleação associada à curetagem, sendo as recidivas muito incomuns. Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de fazer uma breve revisão de literatura a respeito das características epidemiológicas, clínico-imaginológicas e histopatológicas desta lesão e relatar um caso diagnosticado num paciente do sexo masculino, 13 anos, com queixa de aumento de volume em mento. Os exames de imagem evidenciaram a presença de defeito osteolítico bem delimitado em região de sínfise mandibular associado aos elementos dentários 33 e 43 que se apresentavam inclusos. A lesão foi submetida à enucleação e curetagem. O paciente encontra-se em proservação há dois anos sem sinais de recidiva da lesão.

The central odontogenic fibroma is defined as a benign neoplasm of the jaws characterized by having a variable amount of inactive odontogenic epithelium in the midst of a fibrous connective tissue stroma. It is considered a rare neoplasm that is from 0% to 5.5% of all odontogenic tumors in most retrospective studies found in the literature. Affects patients in a wide age range with a certain predominance in females. , Is shown in most cases, as a slow-growing lesions and asymptomatic which can promote the bulging adjacent cortical bone. The radiographic point of view, appears typically in the form of an image radiolucent uni or multilocular with well-defined margins and may have foci of calcification inside. The central odontogenic fibroma is subdivided histologically in simple type (poor epithelium) and WHO type (rich in epithelium). The injury responds well to conservative treatment by surgical enucleation associated with curettage, and the very unusual relapses. This work aims to make a brief review of literature on the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological imaginological this injury and to report a case diagnosed in a male patient, 13, with volume up complaint ment. Imaging tests showed the presence of well-defined osteolytic defect in mandibular symphysis region associated with dental elements 33 and 43 who performed included. The lesion was submitted to enucleation and curettage. The patient is under observation for two years without signs of recurrence.

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UNLABELLED: The use of gels and mouthrinses with MMP inhibitors (chlorhexidine, and green tea extract) was shown to prevent erosive wear. The aim of this study was to analyze the protective effect of toothpastes containing MMP inhibitors on dentine loss induced by erosion in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five groups each containing 12 specimens of human root dentine were prepared. The specimens were subjected to 1 min erosion by immersion in a cola drink, 4 times a day, for 5 d. Each day, after the first and last erosive challenges, the specimens were brushed for 15 s with a slurry of dentifrice and water (1:3) containing placebo, 1,100 ppm fluoride, 0.61% green tea extract, 0.12% chlorhexidine or 0.004% chlorhexidine (commercial toothpaste). Between the acid challenges, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva with remineralizing potential until the next treatment. Dentine loss was determined using profilometry. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA after log transform (p<0.05). RESULTS: The mean wear values (µm) were as follows: placebo 1.83±0.53; 0.61% green tea extract 1.00±0.21; fluoride 1.27±0.43; 0.12% chlorhexidine 1.19±0.30; and 0.004% chlorhexidine 1.22±0.46. There was a significant difference in wear between placebo and all the treatment toothpastes, which did not differ from each other. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that toothpastes containing MMP inhibitors are as effective as those based on NaF in preventing dentine erosion and abrasion.

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ABSTRACT The use of gels and mouthrinses with MMP inhibitors (chlorhexidine, and green tea extract) was shown to prevent erosive wear. The aim of this study was to analyze the protective effect of toothpastes containing MMP inhibitors on dentine loss induced by erosion in vitro. Material and Methods Five groups each containing 12 specimens of human root dentine were prepared. The specimens were subjected to 1 min erosion by immersion in a cola drink, 4 times a day, for 5 d. Each day, after the first and last erosive challenges, the specimens were brushed for 15 s with a slurry of dentifrice and water (1:3) containing placebo, 1,100 ppm fluoride, 0.61% green tea extract, 0.12% chlorhexidine or 0.004% chlorhexidine (commercial toothpaste). Between the acid challenges, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva with remineralizing potential until the next treatment. Dentine loss was determined using profilometry. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA after log transform (p<0.05). Results The mean wear values (μm) were as follows: placebo 1.83±0.53; 0.61% green tea extract 1.00±0.21; fluoride 1.27±0.43; 0.12% chlorhexidine 1.19±0.30; and 0.004% chlorhexidine 1.22±0.46. There was a significant difference in wear between placebo and all the treatment toothpastes, which did not differ from each other. Conclusion The results suggest that toothpastes containing MMP inhibitors are as effective as those based on NaF in preventing dentine erosion and abrasion.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moisture reconstitution associated with coarse milling of corn grain on macroscopic and microscopic grain characteristics. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa. The following corn processing combinations were tested: corn reconstituted after being milled to 5 mm (CRA); corn reconstituted before being milled to 5 mm (CRB); and corn milled to 1 mm (CGF). Evaluation assays of -amylase enzyme activity on the grains starch, scanning electron microscopy for processed kernels, and particlesize analysis were undertaken. The highest number of particles larger than 1.19 mm was found in CRB, because reconstitution occurred prior to the milling process, which facilitates the release of the largest part of the pericarp adherent to the corn grain. Microscopically, the starch granules did not display variations in their basic standard structure, and some alterations observed in the scanning electron microscopy images were due to the preparation of samples for visualization. There was no effect of grain processing on the rates of starch released by the action of the -amylase enzyme (Novozymes, Termamyl 2x).

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a reconstituição da umidade associada à moagem grosseira do grão de milho sobre as características macroscópicas e microscópicas dos grãos. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Nutrição animal do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizadas as seguintes combinações de processamento do milho: milho com reconstituição da umidade depois da moagem a 5 mm (MRD); milho com reconstituição da umidade antes da moagem a 5 mm (MRA) e milho moído a 1 mm (MMF). Foram realizados os ensaios de avaliação da atividade da enzima -amilase sobre o amido dos grãos, microscopia eletrônica de varredura para os grãos de milho processados e avaliação da granulometria. O MRA apresentou maior número de partículas com tamanho acima de 1,19mm devido ao fato de a reconstituição ocorrer antes do processo de moagem, o que favorece a liberação da maior parte do pericarpo aderido ao grão de milho. Microscopicamente, os grânulos de amido não apresentaram variações na estrutura básica padrão sendo que algumas alterações observadas nas imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram devidas à preparação das amostras para visualização. A taxa de liberação de amido pela a ação da enzima -amilase (Novozymes, Termamyl 2x) seguiu mesmo padrão para os três tipos de processamento.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moisture reconstitution associated with coarse milling of corn grain on macroscopic and microscopic grain characteristics. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa. The following corn processing combinations were tested: corn reconstituted after being milled to 5 mm (CRA); corn reconstituted before being milled to 5 mm (CRB); and corn milled to 1 mm (CGF). Evaluation assays of -amylase enzyme activity on the grains starch, scanning electron microscopy for processed kernels, and particlesize analysis were undertaken. The highest number of particles larger than 1.19 mm was found in CRB, because reconstitution occurred prior to the milling process, which facilitates the release of the largest part of the pericarp adherent to the corn grain. Microscopically, the starch granules did not display variations in their basic standard structure, and some alterations observed in the scanning electron microscopy images were due to the preparation of samples for visualization. There was no effect of grain processing on the rates of starch released by the action of the -amylase enzyme (Novozymes, Termamyl 2x).(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a reconstituição da umidade associada à moagem grosseira do grão de milho sobre as características macroscópicas e microscópicas dos grãos. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Nutrição animal do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizadas as seguintes combinações de processamento do milho: milho com reconstituição da umidade depois da moagem a 5 mm (MRD); milho com reconstituição da umidade antes da moagem a 5 mm (MRA) e milho moído a 1 mm (MMF). Foram realizados os ensaios de avaliação da atividade da enzima -amilase sobre o amido dos grãos, microscopia eletrônica de varredura para os grãos de milho processados e avaliação da granulometria. O MRA apresentou maior número de partículas com tamanho acima de 1,19mm devido ao fato de a reconstituição ocorrer antes do processo de moagem, o que favorece a liberação da maior parte do pericarpo aderido ao grão de milho. Microscopicamente, os grânulos de amido não apresentaram variações na estrutura básica padrão sendo que algumas alterações observadas nas imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram devidas à preparação das amostras para visualização. A taxa de liberação de amido pela a ação da enzima -amilase (Novozymes, Termamyl 2x) seguiu mesmo padrão para os três tipos de processamento.(AU)

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Objetivou-se conhecer as principais dificuldades vivenciadas pela equipe de enfermagem que atua em um serviço deatendimento móvel de urgência na percepção da equipe de enfermagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratóriodescritivade abordagem qualitativa, realizada com quatro enfermeiros e 14 técnicos de enfermagem no período demarço a abril de 2013 na sede dos serviços de atendimento móvel de urgência em uma cidade da região central do RioGrande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, contendo questões mistas, foramsubmetidos à Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, emergindo nas categorias: desconhecendo a função do SAMU;dificuldades com a central de regulação; estratégias que possibilitam a melhoria do serviço. O estudo permitiu aossujeitos (pesquisador e pesquisados) refletirem acerca da atuação com o Serviço de Urgência Móvel, instigando areflexão acerca de possíveis estratégias para melhoria da realidade investigada.

This study aimed at learning the main difficulties lived by the health team in an urgency mobile service through theperception of the nursing team. It is an exploratory research, with a descriptive and qualitative approach, involvingfour nurses and fourteen nurse technicians, performed in March and April of 2013, in the head office of the urgencymobile services in a central city in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviewcontaining mixed questions and submitted to Bardin’s content analysis, resulting in the following categories:unawareness in relation to the function of the SAMU; difficulties regarding the central of regulation; strategies thatprovide improvements in the service. The study allowed the subjects (researcher and interviewees) to reflect abouttheir performance together with the Urgency Mobile Service, fostering reflections about possible strategies to improve the reality investigated.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las principales dificultades experimentadas por el equipo de salud que trabaja en un servicio de atención móvil de urgencia en la percepción del equipo de enfermería. Es un estudioexploratorio, cualitativo y descriptivo realizado con cuatro enfermeros y 14 técnicos de enfermería en el período demarzo a abril de 2013 en la sede de los servicios de emergencia móvil en una ciudad central del Rio Grande del Sur.Los datos fueron colectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, conteniendo preguntas mixtas y sometidos al análisis de contenido de Bardin, de donde emergieron las siguientes categorías: Desconocimiento de la función delSAMU, las dificultades con las centrales de regulación y estrategias que permitan mejorar el servicio. Así, el estudiopermitió a los participantes (investigados y encuestados) reflexionar sobre las acciones tomadas por el servicio móvil de urgencia para posibles estrategias de mejorías sobre la realidad investigada.

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Forty-nine male calves were allotted in a randomized design, initially seven replicates per treatment at the end of the experiment were slaughtered four animals per treatment. Treatments CONT: control diet; FBC120: Dicalcium Phosphate 120:1 ratio P: F; MBC60: Monodicalcium phosphate 60:1 ratio P:F; FBC30: Dicalcium Phosphate 30:1 ratio P:F; SFT30: Super triple phosphate 30:1 ratio P:F; FBC10: Dicalcium Phosphate 10:1 ratio P:F; CAR10: concentrated ratio of 10:1 rock Q:F. Phosphates less elaborate showed higher amounts of heavy metals. In bones, iron, aluminum and lead were higher in FBC10 diet, the copper content was higher in animals fed the diet MBC60. Magnesium in liver was higher in animals fed diet FBC30, aluminum was higher for treatments SFT30 and FBC10, FBC120 and the cadmium and lead levels were higher in animals that received STF30. Treatments did not affect phosphorus and fluorine in muscle and heart, being that chromium was higher in the muscle of animals fed diets CAR10 and STF30 while cadmium in heart was greater in diet CAR10. Kidney phosphorus was higher in the animals fed the diet CAR10 and lower dietary FBC10, while aluminum was higher in the animals fed with the diet FBC10 and lower dietary FBC120 and levels of chromium and lead were higher in animals CAR10 diet and lowest in diet MBC60. Alternative sources of phosphorus and low ratios P:F increased the deposition was lower in the muscles.

Quarenta e nove novilhos machos foram distribuídos em delineamento casualizado, inicialmente com sete repetições por tratamento, sendo que, ao final do experimento, foram abatidos quatro animais por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram CONT: Dieta controle; FBC120: Fosfato Bicálcico 120:1 de relação P:F; MBC60: Fosfato monobicálcico 60:1 de relação P:F; FBC 30:1: Fosfato Bicálcico 30:1 de relação P:F; SFT30: Super Fosfato Triplo 30:1 de relação P:F; FBC10: Fosfato Bicálcico 10:1 de relação P:F; CAR10: Concentrado de Rocha 10:1 de relação P:F. Os fosfatos menos elaborados apresentaram maiores concentrações de metais. Nos ossos, os teores de ferro, alumínio e chumbo foram maiores para a dieta FBC10, enquanto o cobre foi maior na dieta MBC60. Magnésio foi mais presente no fígado de animais que consumiram a dieta FBC30, enquanto alumínio foi maior para SFT30, FBC10 e FBC120; cádmio e chumbo foram maiores para a dieta STF30. Os tratamentos não influenciaram fósforo e flúor em coração e músculos. O cromo foi mais presente no músculo de CAR10 e STF30 e o cádmio foi mais encontrado nos corações de CAR10. Nos rins, fósforo foi mais presente na dieta CAR10 e menor na dieta FBC10, enquanto alumínio foi maior na dieta FBC10 e menor na dieta FBC120 assim como os teores de cromo e chumbo foram maiores nos animais da dieta CAR10 e menores na dieta MBC60. Fontes alternativas de fósforo e baixas relações P:F aumentaram a deposição de minerais em ossos e fígado, sendo menor nos músculos.

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Forty-nine male calves were allotted in a randomized design, initially seven replicates per treatment at the end of the experiment were slaughtered four animals per treatment. Treatments CONT: control diet; FBC120: Dicalcium Phosphate 120:1 ratio P: F; MBC60: Monodicalcium phosphate 60:1 ratio P:F; FBC30: Dicalcium Phosphate 30:1 ratio P:F; SFT30: Super triple phosphate 30:1 ratio P:F; FBC10: Dicalcium Phosphate 10:1 ratio P:F; CAR10: concentrated ratio of 10:1 rock Q:F. Phosphates less elaborate showed higher amounts of heavy metals. In bones, iron, aluminum and lead were higher in FBC10 diet, the copper content was higher in animals fed the diet MBC60. Magnesium in liver was higher in animals fed diet FBC30, aluminum was higher for treatments SFT30 and FBC10, FBC120 and the cadmium and lead levels were higher in animals that received STF30. Treatments did not affect phosphorus and fluorine in muscle and heart, being that chromium was higher in the muscle of animals fed diets CAR10 and STF30 while cadmium in heart was greater in diet CAR10. Kidney phosphorus was higher in the animals fed the diet CAR10 and lower dietary FBC10, while aluminum was higher in the animals fed with the diet FBC10 and lower dietary FBC120 and levels of chromium and lead were higher in animals CAR10 diet and lowest in diet MBC60. Alternative sources of phosphorus and low ratios P:F increased the deposition was lower in the muscles.(AU)

Quarenta e nove novilhos machos foram distribuídos em delineamento casualizado, inicialmente com sete repetições por tratamento, sendo que, ao final do experimento, foram abatidos quatro animais por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram CONT: Dieta controle; FBC120: Fosfato Bicálcico 120:1 de relação P:F; MBC60: Fosfato monobicálcico 60:1 de relação P:F; FBC 30:1: Fosfato Bicálcico 30:1 de relação P:F; SFT30: Super Fosfato Triplo 30:1 de relação P:F; FBC10: Fosfato Bicálcico 10:1 de relação P:F; CAR10: Concentrado de Rocha 10:1 de relação P:F. Os fosfatos menos elaborados apresentaram maiores concentrações de metais. Nos ossos, os teores de ferro, alumínio e chumbo foram maiores para a dieta FBC10, enquanto o cobre foi maior na dieta MBC60. Magnésio foi mais presente no fígado de animais que consumiram a dieta FBC30, enquanto alumínio foi maior para SFT30, FBC10 e FBC120; cádmio e chumbo foram maiores para a dieta STF30. Os tratamentos não influenciaram fósforo e flúor em coração e músculos. O cromo foi mais presente no músculo de CAR10 e STF30 e o cádmio foi mais encontrado nos corações de CAR10. Nos rins, fósforo foi mais presente na dieta CAR10 e menor na dieta FBC10, enquanto alumínio foi maior na dieta FBC10 e menor na dieta FBC120 assim como os teores de cromo e chumbo foram maiores nos animais da dieta CAR10 e menores na dieta MBC60. Fontes alternativas de fósforo e baixas relações P:F aumentaram a deposição de minerais em ossos e fígado, sendo menor nos músculos.(AU)

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A morte, por mais estudada que seja, continua sendo um mistério. Lidar com ela não é algo nada fácil e por essa razão ela assusta tanto. Todos os medos do ser humano estão, no fundo, relacionados com o da morte. Tudo isso por ela ser um mistério do qual pouco ou nada sabemos, embora seja natural. À vista disso, as religiões dão a este tema o seu principal enfoque. Assim sendo, procuro neste artigo tratar o tabu da morte, refletindo temas relacionados a ele. Temas que estão presentes na vida das pessoas, sobretudo quando passam pela experiência da perda de alguém do seu círculo familiar ou de amizade. Dentre eles, abordo a Unção dos Enfermos, as Exéquias, a Missa do Sétimo Dia e a tradição de rezar pelos mortos. Temas que ajudam a lidar com o tabu da morte ou a perda de um ente querido.

The more death is studied, the more it remains a mystery. Dealing with death is no easy matter and for that reason it is so frightening. All the fears of human beings are fundamentally related to the fear of death. This is because it is a mystery about which we know little or nothing, although it is natural to die. In view of this, religions give this topic a primary focus. Therefore, in this article an attempt is made to deal with the taboo surrounding death and reflect on issues associated with it. These themes are present in people's lives, especially when they have the experience of losing someone in their family or circle of friends. Among these subjects, the aspects of the Anointing of the Sick, the Funeral Mass, the Seventh Day Mass and the tradition of praying for the dead are all touched upon. These are all themes that help to deal with the taboo of death or losing a loved one.

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The more death is studied, the more it remains a mystery. Dealing with death is no easy matter and for that reason it is so frightening. All the fears of human beings are fundamentally related to the fear of death. This is because it is a mystery about which we know little or nothing, although it is natural to die. In view of this, religions give this topic a primary focus. Therefore, in this article an attempt is made to deal with the taboo surrounding death and reflect on issues associated with it. These themes are present in people's lives, especially when they have the experience of losing someone in their family or circle of friends. Among these subjects, the aspects of the Anointing of the Sick, the Funeral Mass, the Seventh Day Mass and the tradition of praying for the dead are all touched upon. These are all themes that help to deal with the taboo of death or losing a loved one.

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OBJECTIVE: Certain drug classes alleviate the symptoms of Willis-Ekbom's disease, whereas others aggravate them. The pharmacological profiles of these drugs suggest that drugs that alleviate Willis-Ekbom's disease inhibit thyroid hormone activity, whereas drugs that aggravate Willis-Ekbom's disease increase thyroid hormone activity. These different effects may be secondary to the opposing actions that drugs have on the CYP4503A4 enzyme isoform. Drugs that worsen the symptoms of the Willis-Ekbom's disease inhibit the CYP4503A4 isoform, and drugs that ameliorate the symptoms induce CYP4503A4. The aim of this study is to determine whether Saint John's wort, as an inducer of the CYP4503A4 isoform, diminishes the severity of Willis-Ekbom's disease symptoms by increasing the metabolism of thyroid hormone in treated patients. METHODS: In an open-label pilot trial, we treated 21 Willis-Ekbom's disease patients with a concentrated extract of Saint John's wort at a daily dose of 300 mg over the course of three months. RESULTS: Saint John's wort reduced the severity of Willis-Ekbom's disease symptoms in 17 of the 21 patients. CONCLUSION: Results of this trial suggest that Saint John's wort may benefit some Willis-Ekbom's disease patients. However, as this trial was not placebo-controlled, the extent to which Saint John's wort is effective as a Willis-Ekbom's disease treatment will depend on future, blinded placebo-controlled studies.

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The decisive role of metallic cations in the formation of supramolecular clusters involving lignin, cellulose, and hemi-cellulose and its relationship to energy losses in ruminants associated with fibrous feed resources is still not well understood. Indeed, interactions between lignin, cellulose and metallic cations generate highly stable clusters that significantly decrease the capability of cellulase to break bonds between sugar units in order to facilitate the absorption of a great quantity of cellulose, which is ingested by ruminants as forage. Furthermore, several metallic cations cannot be absorbed as a consequence of the formation of coordinated ligations with the oxygen atoms of the lignocellulosic cluster. The loss of lignocellulose-metal clusters by ruminants is responsible for a substantial waste of nutrients, which is a significant problem in animal science. Moreover, the chemical structure of these relevant supramolecular systems is poorly understood. In the present review, we discussed this topic in detail in reference to relevant literature from the chemical and animal sciences in order to analyze the perspectives associated with the improvement of nutritional absorption from feed resources by ruminants.

O papel decisivo de cátions metálicos na formação de cluster supramoleculares envolvendo lignina, celulose e hemi-celulose and sua relação a perdas energéticas em ruminantes associadas com fontes de alimentação fibrosas não é ainda bem compreendida. De fato, interações entre lignina, celulose e cátions metálicos geram clusters altamente estáveis diminuem significativamente a capacidade da celulase quebrar ligações entre unidades sacarídicas com o objetivo de facilitar a absorção de uma grande quantidade de celulose, a qual é ingerida por ruminantes na forma de forragem. Além disso, diversos cátions metálicos não podem ser absorvidos como uma conseqüência da formação de ligações coordenadas com os átomos de oxigênio do cluster lignocelulósico. A perda de clusters lignocelulósico-metálicos por ruminantes é responsável por um substancial desperdício de nutrientes, o que é um problema significativo em zootecnia. Ademais, a estrutura química destes relevantes sistemas supramoleculares é pobremente compreendida. No presente artigo, nós discutimos esse tópico em detalhes, em concordância com relevante literatura química e zootécnica, objetivando analisar as perspectivas relacionadas com a melhoria com a absorção nutricional a partir de fontes alimentares por ruminantes.

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The decisive role of metallic cations in the formation of supramolecular clusters involving lignin, cellulose, and hemi-cellulose and its relationship to energy losses in ruminants associated with fibrous feed resources is still not well understood. Indeed, interactions between lignin, cellulose and metallic cations generate highly stable clusters that significantly decrease the capability of cellulase to break bonds between sugar units in order to facilitate the absorption of a great quantity of cellulose, which is ingested by ruminants as forage. Furthermore, several metallic cations cannot be absorbed as a consequence of the formation of coordinated ligations with the oxygen atoms of the lignocellulosic cluster. The loss of lignocellulose-metal clusters by ruminants is responsible for a substantial waste of nutrients, which is a significant problem in animal science. Moreover, the chemical structure of these relevant supramolecular systems is poorly understood. In the present review, we discussed this topic in detail in reference to relevant literature from the chemical and animal sciences in order to analyze the perspectives associated with the improvement of nutritional absorption from feed resources by ruminants.(AU)

O papel decisivo de cátions metálicos na formação de cluster supramoleculares envolvendo lignina, celulose e hemi-celulose and sua relação a perdas energéticas em ruminantes associadas com fontes de alimentação fibrosas não é ainda bem compreendida. De fato, interações entre lignina, celulose e cátions metálicos geram clusters altamente estáveis diminuem significativamente a capacidade da celulase quebrar ligações entre unidades sacarídicas com o objetivo de facilitar a absorção de uma grande quantidade de celulose, a qual é ingerida por ruminantes na forma de forragem. Além disso, diversos cátions metálicos não podem ser absorvidos como uma conseqüência da formação de ligações coordenadas com os átomos de oxigênio do cluster lignocelulósico. A perda de clusters lignocelulósico-metálicos por ruminantes é responsável por um substancial desperdício de nutrientes, o que é um problema significativo em zootecnia. Ademais, a estrutura química destes relevantes sistemas supramoleculares é pobremente compreendida. No presente artigo, nós discutimos esse tópico em detalhes, em concordância com relevante literatura química e zootécnica, objetivando analisar as perspectivas relacionadas com a melhoria com a absorção nutricional a partir de fontes alimentares por ruminantes.(AU)

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