RESUMEN

The relationship between mental health and poverty has been well documented in adults. However, few studies have addressed how low socioeconomic status and psychosocial vulnerabilities may influence depressive symptoms in adolescents. The current study was carried out in a non-randomly selected sample of 239 adolescents whose parents work as ragpickers (waste collectors for recycling) in Brazil. In-person interviews were conducted, and the presence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). We observed that 23% (CI±5.34) of the adolescents presented with depressive symptoms and 35% (CI±6.05) had suicidal ideation. Fatigue or loss of energy (p = .012) and irritable mood (p = .013) were significantly higher among boys than girls according to DSM-IV criteria. However, we found no gender differences in DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) or Dysthymic Disorder (DD) in diminished interest or pleasure, weight loss or weight gain, decreased appetite, sleep problems, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration or ability to think, recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or low self-esteem. There were no significant gender differences in total CDI score, however a greater percentage of girls presented with depressed mood than boys (29.9% vs. 17.1%, p < .05) (AU)

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RESUMEN

The relationship between mental health and poverty has been well documented in adults. However, few studies have addressed how low socioeconomic status and psychosocial vulnerabilities may influence depressive symptoms in adolescents. The current study was carried out in a non-randomly selected sample of 239 adolescents whose parents work as ragpickers (waste collectors for recycling) in Brazil. In-person interviews were conducted, and the presence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). We observed that 23% (CI ± 5.34) of the adolescents presented with depressive symptoms and 35% (CI ± 6.05) had suicidal ideation. Fatigue or loss of energy (p = .012) and irritable mood (p = .013) were significantly higher among boys than girls according to DSM-IV criteria. However, we found no gender differences in DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) or Dysthymic Disorder (DD) in diminished interest or pleasure, weight loss or weight gain, decreased appetite, sleep problems, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration or ability to think, recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or low self-esteem. There were no significant gender differences in total CDI score, however a greater percentage of girls presented with depressed mood than boys (29.9% vs. 17.1%, p < .05).

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BACKGROUND: Early-onset depressive disorders can have severe consequences both from developmental and functional aspects. The etiology of depressive disorders is complex and multi-factorial, with an intricate interaction among environmental factors and genetic predisposition. While data from studies on adults suggest that caffeine is fairly safe, effects of caffeine in children, who are in period of rapid brain development, are currently unknown. Furthermore, systematic research addressing the relationship between depressive symptoms in children and caffeine consumption is lacking.The present study examined the effects of caffeine consumption on depressed mood in children with depression and non-depressed participants. METHODS: Children and adolescents (n = 51) already enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study, aged 9-12 years, were assessed for depressive symptoms with the Children Depressive Inventory (CDI). Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and eating habits were assessed with the Nutrition-Behavior Inventory (NBI) 1. The children were compared to control children without psychopathology attending public schools in a Southern Brazilian city. RESULTS: Participants with CDI scores ≥ 15 (mean = 19; S.D. = 4) also had high NBI scores (mean = 52; S.D. = 19, p < 0.001) suggestive of a relationship between depressive symptoms and environmental factors, in this case nutrition/behavior. Additional linear regression adjusted statistical analysis, considering the factors of consumption of sweets and caffeine individually, showed that caffeine, but not sweets, was associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that depressed children consume more caffeinated drinks than non-depressed children. Nonetheless while a strong association between depressive symptoms and caffeine consumption among children was found, further research should investigate whether or not this association is due to a cause and effect relationship.

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Os professores formam uma categoria profissional exposta a grandes riscos psicossociais, sendo que as condições de trabalho docente têm sido associadas a perdas na saúde e na qualidade de vida. Este estudo objetivou realizar uma discussão teórica sobre o tema e apresentar uma revisão de estudos. As bases de dados Scielo, PubMed/Medline e Lilacs foram consultadas. Identificou-se que a maior parte dos estudos encontrados nessas bases foi realizada com amostras brasileiras. Estudos com professores dos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul formam a maior parte das pesquisas encontradas. Os principais instrumentos de pesquisa utilizados foram a Job Content Questionnaire e a Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Altas prevalências de alguns desfechos em saúde foram observadas na maior parte dos estudos com destaque para burnout, distúrbios psíquicos menores como nervosismo e ansiedade, problemas osteomioarticulares e com a voz. As condições de trabalho, o tempo de magistério e mesmo e a violência na escola foram alguns dos fatores associados a esses distúrbios. Os resultados dos estudos internacionais confirmam os dados brasileiros. Foi possível identificar que muitas realidades brasileiras ainda não foram investigadas. Observou-se uma lacuna na literatura no que tange a políticas públicas e implementação de intervenções no ambiente escolar e na organização do trabalho dos professores.

Teachers form a professional category which exposes its members to great psycho-social risks, considering the work conditions of the teacher have been associated with worsened health and quality of life. The objective this study was to to present a heoretical discussion on the topic and a review of studies. The databases Scielo, PubMed, Medline and Lilacs were consulted. We identified that most studies found in databases was performed with Brazilian samples. Studies with teachers from the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul form the majority of research found. The main instruments were used to search the Job Content Questionnaire and Self-Reporting Questionnaire. The high prevalence of health outcomes observed in most studies were associated with burnout, minor psychiatric disorders such as nervousness and anxiety, problems with voice and musculoskeletal. Working conditions, the time for teaching and even in school and violence were among the factors associated with these disorders. The results of international studies confirm the Brazilian data and was identified that many Brazilian realities have not been investigated. We observed a gap in the literature with regard to public policies and implementation of interventions in the school environment and organization of work of teachers.

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