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This study assessed the effect of zerumbone (ZER) against fluconazole-resistant (CaR) and -susceptible Candida albicans (CaS) biofilms and verified the influence of ZER on extracellular matrix components. Initially, to determine the treatment conditions, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and the survival curve were evaluated. Biofilms were formed for 48 h and exposed to ZER at concentrations of 128 and 256 µg/mL for 5, 10 and 20 min (n = 12). One group of biofilms did not receive the treatment in order to monitor the effects. The biofilms were evaluated to determine the microbial population (CFU/mL), and the extracellular matrix components (water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA), as well as the biomass (total and insoluble) were quantified. The MIC value of ZER for CaS was 256 µg/mL, and for CaR, it was 64 µg/mL. The survival curve and the MFC value coincided for CaS (256 µg/mL) and CaR (128 µg/mL). ZER reduced the cellular viability by 38.51% for CaS and by 36.99% for CaR. ZER at 256 µg/mL also reduced the total biomass (57%), insoluble biomass (45%), WSP (65%), proteins (18%) and eDNA (78%) of CaS biofilms. In addition, a reduction in insoluble biomass (13%), proteins (18%), WSP (65%), ASP (10%) and eDNA (23%) was also observed in the CaR biofilms. ZER was effective against fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible C. albicans biofilms and disturbed the extracellular matrix.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) combined with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on biofilms formed by Candida albicans strains which are either susceptible to or resistant to fluconazole. Biofilms were grown and treated with H2O2, followed by the application of Photodithazine® (P) and red light-emitting diode (LED) (L) either separately or combined (n = 12). After the treatment, biofilms were evaluated by estimating colony-forming unit ml-1, extracellular matrix components [water -soluble and -insoluble polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA (eDNA)], biomass (total and insoluble dry-weight), and protein concentration. Biofilms formed by both strains presented a significant reduction in cell viability, biomass, extracellular matrix components (both types of polysaccharides, eDNA), and proteins (in the soluble and insoluble portion of biofilms) compared to the control. Microscopy images of the biofilms after treatments showed disarticulation of the matrix and scattered fungal cells. The application of H2O2 can disturb the organization of the extracellular matrix, and its association with aPDT potentiated the effect of the treatment.

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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of DNase I combined with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, mediated by Photodithazine® and light-emitting diode light, against biofilms formed by a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strain (ATCC 96901) and two clinical isolates (R14 and R70). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biofilms were grown for 48 h and exposed to DNase for 5 min, followed by application of a photosensitizer (P) and light (L), either singly or combined (P+L+, P-L+, P+L-, P-L-, P-L-DNase, P+L+DNase, P+L-DNase, and P-L+DNase; n = 12). Biofilm analysis included quantification of extracellular matrix components (water-soluble and insoluble polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA), and biomass (total and insoluble), as well as the enumeration of colony-forming units. The data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni's post hoc test. RESULTS: The DNase treatment combined with aPDT showed a reduction of 1.92, 1.65, and 1.29 log10 of cell viability compared with untreated controls for ATCC 96901, R14, and R70 strains, respectively. It also reduced extracellular matrix contents of water-soluble polysaccharides (36.3%) and extracellular DNA (72.3%), as well as insoluble biomass content (43.3%). CONCLUSION: The three strains showed similar behavior when treated with DNase, and the extracellular matrix components were affected, improving the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the quality of recovery from anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) under total intravenous anesthesia, who received either methadone or morphine for post-surgical analgesia by means of questionnaire Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40). DESIGN: Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. SETTING: The setting was at an operating room, postoperative recovery area and hospital ward. PATIENTS: Seventy patients who underwent LC under remifentanil-based anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive methadone 0.1 mg kg-1 or morphine 0.1 mg kg-1. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the quality of recovery, using the Quality of Recovery Questionnaire (QoR-40). Secondary outcomes included time to eye opening, the occurrence of nausea and vomiting, pain score, use of supplemental analgesics, and PACU length of stay. MAIN RESULTS: No differences were observed in the total or individual QoR-40 dimension scores. During the PACU stay, the occurrence of PONV and pain scores were similar between groups. Opioid consumption (p < 0.02) and the level of sedation (p < 0.01) were higher in the morphine group. There were no differences in the amount of time required to achieve PACU discharge criteria. The frequency of nausea or emesis, the severity of pain, and tramadol consumption were comparable between both groups while on the ward. CONCLUSIONS: Pain scores and the Quality of Recovery did not differ between patients who underwent LC under total intravenous anesthesia, who received either methadone or morphine for post-surgical analgesia.

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This work investigated the extraction efficiency of polyphenols (anthocyanins) from blackberry, blueberry and grumixama residues using combined ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) (UAE+PLE). The performance of UAE+PLE was compared to those achieved by the isolated PLE and UAE methods and conventional Soxhlet extraction. The effects of the extraction methods and solvents (acidified water pH 2.0, ethanol+water 50% v/v and ethanol+water 70% ethanol v/v) on total phenolics content, anthocyanin composition and antioxidant capacity of extracts were investigated by a full factorial design. The extraction efficiency for total phenolics and antioxidant capacity in decreasing order was: UAE+PLE>PLE≈Soxhlet>UAE, and for anthocyanins it was: Soxhlet≈UAE>UAE+PLE>PLE, using hydroethanolic mixtures as solvents. Extractions with acidified water and ultrasound were not effective to recover phenolics. Two, four and fourteen anthocyanins were identified in the extracts from grumixama, blackberry and blueberry, respectively.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to use a cycle ergometer to assess cardiorespiratory changes during active exercise and to verify patients' satisfaction with this type of activity. METHODS: A single intervention involving active lower limb exercise was performed with a cycle ergometer (without load) for 5 minutes. The following variables were measured before, during and immediately after exercise: heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation and the Borg dyspnea scale score. Following the exercise, the patients answered a questionnaire to evaluate their satisfaction with this type of activity. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients (65% male) with a mean age of 48 ± 16 years old participated in the study. Enrolled patients presented a sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of 2 (0 - 5 scale). During the exercise, 16% of the patients used ventilation support and 55% of them were breathing at room air. A comparison of the initial and final values of the variables indicated increases in the heart rate (92 ± 17 beats/min vs. 95 ± 18 beats/min; p<0.05), the respiratory rate (19 ± 8 breaths/min vs. 23 ± 8 breaths/min; p<0.05) and the Borg dyspnea scale score (1.3 ± 1.8 vs. 2.8 ± 2.2; p<0.05). In addition, 85% of the patients reported enjoying the activity. Only 25% of the patients reported some discomfort, and 100% of the patients wanted to repeat this type of activity in future treatments. CONCLUSION: During the cycle ergometer exercises, minor cardiorespiratory changes were observed in the patients. The evaluated patients reported high satisfaction with this type of activity.

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OBJETIVO: Analisar as alterações cardiorrespiratórias de pacientes durante o exercício ativo com um cicloergômetro e verificar a aceitação dos pacientes para realizar esse tipo de atividade. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma única intervenção de exercício ativo de membros inferiores no cicloergômetro (sem carga) durante 5 minutos. As variáveis frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, frequência respiratória, saturação periférica de oxigênio e escala de dispneia de Borg foram avaliadas em três momentos: antes, durante e imediatamente após o exercício. Ao final, o paciente respondia um questionário avaliando sua satisfação em relação a esse tipo de atividade. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 38 pacientes (65% masculino) com 48±16 anos e SOFA=2 (0-5). Durante o exercício, 55% estavam em ar ambiente e 16% utilizaram algum tipo de suporte ventilatório. Comparando-se os valores iniciais e finais das variáveis analisadas, verificou-se um aumento apenas nas variáveis frequência cardíaca (92±17 e 95±18; p<0,05), frequência respiratória (19±8 e 23±8; p<0,05) e Borg (1,3±1,8 e 2,8±2,2; p<0,05). Além disso, 85% dos pacientes gostaram muito de realizar esse tipo de atividade. Apenas 25% dos pacientes relataram algum tipo de desconforto, entretanto 100% dos pacientes gostariam de repetir esse tipo de atividade em um próximo atendimento. CONCLUSÃO: Nos pacientes estudados, verificaram-se pequenas alterações cardiorrespiratórias durante o exercício com o cicloergômetro. Os pacientes avaliados relataram alta satisfação com esse tipo de atividade.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to use a cycle ergometer to assess cardiorespiratory changes during active exercise and to verify patients' satisfaction with this type of activity. METHODS: A single intervention involving active lower limb exercise was performed with a cycle ergometer (without load) for 5 minutes. The following variables were measured before, during and immediately after exercise: heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation and the Borg dyspnea scale score. Following the exercise, the patients answered a questionnaire to evaluate their satisfaction with this type of activity. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients (65% male) with a mean age of 48 ± 16 years old participated in the study. Enrolled patients presented a sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of 2 (0 - 5 scale). During the exercise, 16% of the patients used ventilation support and 55% of them were breathing at room air. A comparison of the initial and final values of the variables indicated increases in the heart rate (92±17 beats/min vs. 95±18 beats/min; p<0.05), the respiratory rate (19 ± 8 breaths/min vs. 23±8 breaths/min; p<0.05) and the Borg dyspnea scale score (1.3±1.8 vs. 2.8±2.2; p<0.05). In addition, 85% of the patients reported enjoying the activity. Only 25% of the patients reported some discomfort, and 100% of the patients wanted to repeat this type of activity in future treatments. CONCLUSION: During the cycle ergometer exercises, minor cardiorespiratory changes were observed in the patients. The evaluated patients reported high satisfaction with this type of activity.

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As mielopatologias possuem etiologias variadas, incluindo: trauma, autoimunidade, neoplasia, vascular, hereditária, degenerativa, e infecciosa. Este artigo descreve as causas infecciosas mais comuns de disfunção da medula espinhal.

The pathologies of the spinal cord have different etiologies. Besides trauma, other common causes of myelopathy include also autoimmune, neoplastic, vascular, hereditary, degenerative and infectious diseases. Therefore, this article will review some of the most common infectious causes of dysfunction of the spinal cord and their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis correlate. Method: Scientific papers published in national and international medical journals available on CAPES, Pubmed and Uptodate, were reviewed.

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A mielite é a forma neurológica mais grave da esquistossomose mansoni. Este relato descreve paciente com dor lombar, seguida de paraparesia e parestesia em membros inferiores, associadas com alterações urinárias. Havia eosinofilia (16 por cento), e eosinofilorraquia (39 por cento), além de contato com águas naturais de região endêmica para o S. mansoni. O paciente foi prontamente tratado com praziquantel e corticoesteróides, evoluindo com regressão das queixas e ausência de sequelas. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de se considerar a mielite no diagnóstico diferencial de dor lombar, com paresia e parestesias, além de alterações urinárias, visto que o inicio precoce do tratamento determina o prognóstico.

Schistosomal myelitis is the severest neurologic complication of schistosomiasis mansoni. We report a case in which the patient developed lumbar pain followed by paraparesis and paresthesia in lower limbs with urinary retention. There was eosinophilia (16 percent) and eosinophilorraquia (39 percent) and a history of contact with natural waters in an endemic area. The patient was treated with praziquantel and steroids; he presented rapid response to treatment with regression of symptoms and developed no sequelae. The authors emphasize the need to consider this condition in the differential diagnoses of low back pain, paraparesis/paresis and urinary retention, since early treatment is crucial to a good prognosis.

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A condição de saúde bucal constitui fator de grande interferência na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. A cárie dental e a doença periodontal representam as doenças mais prevalentes na população brasileira e as maiores causas de perdas dentárias, consequência que mais oferece impactos na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, em todas as dimensões, seja física, funcional, nutricional e até mesmo psicossocial. Investigando os determinantes dos problemas bucais, pudemos encontrar na literatura uma gama de trabalhos, que evidenciam a influência marcante dos fatores sociais, econômicos e culturais, na distribuição desigual dos problemas de saúde bucal na população, com maior prevalência de doenças bucais na população menos favorecida. O contexto em que se inserem os indivíduos revelou-se um grande modulador dos hábitos e estilos de vida, assim como da percepção e do cuidado das pessoas com a sua saúde bucal. E, por isso, passou a ser considerado um importante instrumento de discussão nas políticas públicas de saúde. Com relação às mudanças ocorridas na Odontologia, nas últimas décadas, a prevenção ganhou destaque e o indivíduo passou a ter mais acesso aos serviços públicos de promoção à saúde bucal, prevenção aos agravos, recuperação da saúde bucal e reabilitação, através da incorporação das equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Tais ações podem contribuir para a redução das desigualdades de acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal e das práticas mais radicais, bem como possibilitam a melhoria da condição de saúde bucal dos indivíduos, podendo, assim, contribuir para a melhora do nível de qualidade de vida da população.

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