RESUMEN
Nocardiosis is a rare infection in immunocompetent patients. Nocardia spp. is an uncommon cause of prostate abscesses and is responsible for only 1-2% of brain abscess. Hematogenous dissemination can occur, and presentation of abscesses in more than two locations is required to determine a disseminated nocardiosis. The microbiological diagnosis of this agent is still a challenge due to the complexity of its identification in regular laboratories. An early diagnosis and adequate treatment with effective antibiotics are critical for treating this entity. We report a case of a patient who presented with brain abscess with a previous medical history of prostate abscess to Nocardia spp. which evolved to disseminated nocardiosis.
RESUMEN
Finasteride is a 5α-reductase enzyme inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of male androgenic alopecia since 1997. Over time, it has been considered a safe and well-tolerated drug with rare and reversible side effects. Recently there have been reports of adverse drug-related reactions that persisted for at least three months after discontinuation of this drug, and the term post-finasteride syndrome arose. It includes persistent sexual, neuropsychiatric, and physical symptoms. Studies to date cannot refute or confirm this syndrome as a nosological entity. If it actually exists, it seems to occur in susceptible people, even if exposed to small doses and for short periods, and symptoms may persist for long periods. Based on currently available data, the use of 5α-reductase inhibitors in patients with a history of depression, sexual dysfunction, or infertility should be carefully and individually assessed.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de 5-alfa-Reductasa/efectos adversos , Finasterida/efectos adversos , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Infertilidad/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Metabólicas/inducido químicamente , Factores de Riesgo , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , SíndromeRESUMEN
Bilateral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) should prompt investigation for pro-thrombotic conditions and the exclusion of vascular compromise due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The authors present the case of a 47-year-old man admitted with bilateral DVT and diagnosed with inferior vena cava (IVC) infra-renal segment agenesis, and discuss the management of this rare condition. LEARNING POINTS: Bilateral deep vein thrombosis in young and otherwise healthy individuals should prompt investigation of the aetiology and risk factors in case life-long treatment and anticoagulation therapy is required.Although rare, anatomical variations and congenital malformations should be considered even in adult patients.Rare medical cases should prompt a multidisciplinary approach to investigation and treatment, as prognosis will depend on both therapeutic procedures and anticipation of complications.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of melanoma has been steadily rising in past decades. Although it accounts for only 3% of all skin cancers, it is responsible for 75% of deaths. OBJECTIVE: to describe the epidemiological aspects of melanoma in a university hospital setting over a period of 20 years. METHODS: A total of 166 patients were analyzed between January 1990 and January 2010 for clinical and histological variables and correlations between them. A 5% level of significance was adopted. RESULTS: The majority of patients were Caucasians (74%), females (61%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 55. The predominant histological type was lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (35.7%) and the head and neck was the most affected site (30.7%). Among non-Caucasians, the acral region was the most affected. Most tumors were in situ (41.1%). Growth of the lesion was the most frequent complaint (58.1%) and bleeding was most frequently associated with melanomas with a depth > 4mm. There were seven deaths (4.2%), with a high risk among men, non-Caucasians and those under 20 years of age, with a Breslow's depth > 2mm, with lentiginous acral melanoma and with a history of growth and bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Our sample differs from most of the studies in the predominant location (head and neck), histological type (lentigo maligna/ lentigo maligna melanoma) and a major risk of death under the age of 20, which could be with a reflex of regional variation. Broader studies are necessary for validation of the results.
Asunto(s)
Melanoma/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Precoz , Femenino , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Humanos , Peca Melanótica de Hutchinson/epidemiología , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Pigmentación de la Piel , Factores de Tiempo , Población Blanca , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of melanoma has been steadily rising in past decades. Although it accounts for only 3% of all skin cancers, it is responsible for 75% of deaths. OBJECTIVE: to describe the epidemiological aspects of melanoma in a university hospital setting over a period of 20 years. METHODS: A total of 166 patients were analyzed between January 1990 and January 2010 for clinical and histological variables and correlations between them. A 5% level of significance was adopted. RESULTS: The majority of patients were Caucasians (74%), females (61%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 55. The predominant histological type was lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (35.7%) and the head and neck was the most affected site (30.7%). Among non-Caucasians, the acral region was the most affected. Most tumors were in situ (41.1%). Growth of the lesion was the most frequent complaint (58.1%) and bleeding was most frequently associated with melanomas with a depth > 4mm. There were seven deaths (4.2%), with a high risk among men, non-Caucasians and those under 20 years of age, with a Breslow's depth > 2mm, with lentiginous acral melanoma and with a history of growth and bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Our sample differs from most of the studies in the predominant location (head and neck), histological type (lentigo maligna/ lentigo maligna melanoma) and a major risk of death under the age of 20, which could be with a reflex of regional variation. Broader studies are necessary for validation of the results. .
FUNDAMENTOS: A incidência do melanoma cutâneo aumentou nas últimas décadas. Embora represente 3% dos tumores cutâneos, é responsável por 75% dos óbitos. O diagnóstico precoce constitui a principal chance de cura. OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos do melanoma em hospital universitário em 20 anos. MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 166 pacientes no período de janeiro de 1990 a janeiro de 2010, quanto s variáveis epidemiológicas, histológicas e óbitos relacionados ao melanoma e suas correlações. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era brancos (74%), mulheres (61%), com média de idade ao diagnóstico de 55 anos. O tipo histológico predominante foi o lentigo maligno/lentigo maligno melanoma (35,7%) e a localização mais frequente foi a cabeça e o pescoço (30,7%). Entre os não-brancos, a região acral foi a mais acometida. Quanto espessura tumoral, a maioria dos melanomas era in situ (41,1%). O crescimento da lesão foi a queixa mais frequente (58%) e o sangramento foi mais associado a melanomas espessos. Ocorreram sete óbitos (4,2%), com maior risco de morte em menores de 20 anos e naqueles com história de sangramento, após análise multivariada. CONCLUSÃO: Esta casuística difere da maioria dos estudos em relação localização (cabeça e pescoço), ao tipo histológico (lentigo maligno/lentigo maligno melanoma) e ao maior risco de óbito em menores de 20 anos, o que pode ser devido variação regional. Estudos mais amplos são necessários para validação destes resultados. .
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Melanoma/epidemiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Diagnóstico Precoz , Población Blanca , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Peca Melanótica de Hutchinson/epidemiología , Incidencia , Análisis Multivariante , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Pigmentación de la Piel , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A síndrome de Muckle-Wells é doença autossômica dominante rara, incluída no grupo das síndromes febris hereditárias. Caracteriza-se por episódios recorrentes e autolimitados de febre, urticária, artralgia, mialgia e conjuntivite, desde a infância, relacionados com a exposição ao frio. Mais tardiamente, há perda auditiva neurossensorial progressiva. Amiloidose, a principal complicação, desenvolve-se em cerca de 25 por cento dos casos. Associa-se a mutações no gene NLRP3 (antes CIAS1) que codifica a criopirina, proteína reguladora da produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, como a interleucina-1beta. Relata-se a ocorrência dessa doença incomum em quatro membros de uma única família.
Muckle-Wells syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease that belongs to a group of hereditary febrile syndromes. It is characterized by recurrent and self-limited episodes of fever, urticaria, arthralgia, myalgia and conjunctivitis since childhood, which are related to exposure to cold temperatures. Lately, progressive sensorineural hearing loss occurs. Amyloidosis is the main complication and can be found in about 25 percent of the cases. It has been demonstrated that there is an association with mutations in the NLRP3 gene, which codifies cryopyrin, a protein responsible for regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1Beta. The authors report four cases of the disease within a family.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Síndromes Periódicos Asociados a Criopirina/patología , Piel/patología , Biopsia , Síndromes Periódicos Asociados a Criopirina/genética , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente DirectaRESUMEN
Muckle-Wells syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease that belongs to a group of hereditary febrile syndromes. It is characterized by recurrent and self-limited episodes of fever, urticaria, arthralgia, myalgia and conjunctivitis since childhood, which are related to exposure to cold temperatures. Lately, progressive sensorineural hearing loss occurs. Amyloidosis is the main complication and can be found in about 25% of the cases. It has been demonstrated that there is an association with mutations in the NLRP3 gene, which codifies cryopyrin, a protein responsible for regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1Beta. The authors report four cases of the disease within a family.