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Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a pulse crop of high nutritional value and high importance for sustainable agriculture and soil protection. With the objective of identifying gene-based SNPs, transcriptome sequencing was performed in order to reduce faba bean genome complexity. A set of 1,819 gene-based SNP markers polymorphic in three recombinant line populations was selected to enable the construction of a high-density consensus genetic map encompassing 1,728 markers well distributed in six linkage groups and spanning 1,547.71 cM with an average inter-marker distance of 0.89 cM. Orthology-based comparison of the faba bean consensus map with legume genome assemblies highlighted synteny patterns that partly reflected the phylogenetic relationships among species. Solid blocks of macrosynteny were observed between faba bean and the most closely-related sequenced legume species such as pea, barrel medic or chickpea. Numerous blocks could also be identified in more divergent species such as common bean or cowpea. The genetic tools developed in this work can be used in association mapping, genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium or comparative genomics and provide a backbone for map-based cloning. This will make the identification of candidate genes of interest more efficient and will accelerate marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic-assisted breeding (GAB) in faba bean.

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Se diseñó un modelo para evaluar el protocolo y la estrategiadel equipo multidisciplinario para el tratamiento del labio y paladar fisuradounilateral en el Servicio de Cirugía Máxilo Facial del Hospital ProvincialUniversitario “Carlos Manuel de Céspedes” de Bayamo. Cuba.El estado presente de 60 pacientes de 14-22 años de edad fue evaluadopor un cirujano máxilo facial, un ortodoncista y un foníatra. Los resultadosindicaron que más de la mitad de esos pacientes tenían completado el tratamientopor uno de los especialistas. Solo 27 pacientes (16,2%) habíancompletado el tratamiento por los tres especialistas. Los factores que contribuyerona este porcentaje fueron discutidos(AU)

A model was designed to evaluate the protocol and strategyof the interdisciplinary team treating unilateral cleft lip and palatepatients at the Maxillofacial Surgery department of the “UniversityProvincial Hospital Carlos Manuel de Cespedes“ Bayamo, Granma,Cuba. A maxillofacial surgeon, an orthodontist and a phoniatricianevaluated the current state of 60 patients with ages ranging between14 and 22. The results showed that more than half of the patientshad finished their treatment by one of the specialists. Only 27patients (16.2%) had completed their treatment by the threespecialists. The factors contributing to these percentages arediscussed(AU)

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En microsomas intactos, dos flavonas purificadas a partir de hojas de Bauhinia megalandra, inhiben la actividad de la glucosa 6-fosfatasa en una manera dependiente de su concentración. Ambas flavonas incrementan el valor del Km para glucosa-6-fosfato, sin modificar el valor de Vmax. Los resultados permiten concluir que ambas flavonas inhiben competitivamente al transportador de glucosa-6-fosfato (T1), sin afectar ni a la subunidad catalítica ni al transportador de fosfato/pirofosfato (T2) del sistema de la glucosa-6-fosfatasa. Las flavonas inhiben la capacidad neoglucogénica de rebanadas de hígado incubadas en buffer Krebs-Ringer bicarbonato suplementado con lactato y albúmina saturada con oleato. La inhibición que ejercen las flavonas sobre el transportador T1 del sistema de la glucosa-6-fosfatasa microsomal, puede explicar la disminución de la capacidad neoglucogénica de las rebanadas de hígado, lo cual podría reducir la concentración de glucosa en pacientes diabéticos

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Cardiovascular function during cold exposure is dependent on effective thermoregulation. This dependence is particularly apparent in infants. For example, we have previously demonstrated that in infant rats during cold exposure, cardiac rate is directly related to their ability to produce heat endogenously. The primary source of endogenous heat production for infant rats is brown adipose tissue (BAT). Because of the dependence of cardiac rate on effective thermoregulation in the cold and because hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is influenced by the preweanling environment, in this study we examined the thermoregulatory and cardiac rate responses of infant SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) to varying levels of cold exposure. In experiment 1, 7- to 8-day-old SHR and WKY were acclimated at a thermoneutral air temperature (35 degrees C) and then exposed to successive decreases in ambient temperature (30.5 degrees C, 26.5 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 17 degrees C) while thermal and metabolic measures were recorded. Although both strains increased BAT thermogenesis and oxygen consumption in response to cold exposure, SHR cooled more than WKY and exhibited lower levels of oxygen consumption at the lowest air temperatures. Experiment 2 was identical to experiment 1 except that cardiac rate was also measured. Again, SHR exhibited substantial thermoregulatory deficits compared with WKY; in addition, they were less able than WKY to maintain cardiac rate at the 2 lowest air temperatures tested. Finally, in experiment 3, infant SHR exhibited diminished BAT thermogenesis in response to a range of doses of a selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist. We hypothesize that long-term thermoregulatory deficits during the early postnatal period influence cardiovascular function and contribute to the development of hypertension in SHR.

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A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital after convulsive seizures preceded by encephalopathy lasting one week. He had a history of long-standing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and analysis showed hypokalemia, respiratory alkalosis and toxic levels of theophylline. We discuss the severity of the convulsions and arrhythmias, the high incidence of hypokalemia in theophylline poisoning, as well as the role of hypokalemia in the pathogenesis of the convulsions and the high level of mortality in this type of intoxication. Other possible mechanisms involved in theophylline encephalopathy are mentioned, along with the controversial use of theophylline for continuous treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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A prospective study was carried out to test the sensitivity and specificity of stress radiography in detecting anterior cruciate ligament deficiency in both knees of 116 patients using the Telos device. In 47 of these a total or partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament was diagnosed by arthroscopy, while the ligament was intact in the remaining 69 patients. The mean difference in radiological translation between the injured and the normal knee was greater than 5 mm (p < 0.001) in those with anterior cruciate deficiency, and less than 3 mm in the others. A differential displacement of up to 3 mm was considered normal. The sensitivity of the method was less than 67% and the specificity was 100%. Clinical diagnosis had a sensitivity of 70.2% and a specificity of 98.5%. Our findings suggest that, although a differential translation of more than 3 mm can be diagnostic, smaller differences do not rule out anterior cruciate deficiency.

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PIP: Premature rupture of membranes is defined as expulsion of the amniotic liquid occurring at least 1 hour before initiation of uterine contractions and without apparent cervical changes. According to the literature, premature rupture of membranes occurs in 2-15% of all pregnancies, with an average of 10%. The etiology is considered multifactorial, and treatment remains controversial. A retrospective review was conducted to determine the occurrence of maternal or perinatal morbidity and mortality in 230 cases of premature rupture of membranes in a social security hospital in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, observed between 1983-88. Premature rupture occurred in 3.5% of cases according to the records. 37.4% of affected mothers were 21-25 years old and 69.6% were 21.30. 62.9% of the women were nulliparas. 2.2% had had no prenatal care, 59.1% had insufficient prenatal care, defined as 1-5 visits and only 36.1% had 6 or more visits. 81.3% of ruptures occurred at 37-42 weeks of gestation. In 64.8% of cases the pregnancy was terminated within 1-24 hours and 35.2% were considered prolonged. Prematurity and low birth weight was the most common perinatal disorders, affecting 10.9%. Respiratory difficulty syndrome affected 4.3%. 60% of infants with respiratory problems were born at less than 37 weeks gestation. Neonatal sepsis occurred in 3% of cases and prolapse of the umbilical cord in 1.3%. Perinatal mortality averaged 2.6%. Prematurity was a factor in all cases. Respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal sepsis were each present in 50% of cases and hyperbilirubinemia in 33%. 8.7% of the mothers developed chorioamnionitis. Only 23.9% terminated their pregnancies spontaneously. Oxytocin was used to induce labor in 30.4% and cesareans were performed in 44.8%.^ieng

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Three animal species were used for the experimental pathogenicity of fourteen out of a total of thirty strains of atypical mycobacteria which were isolated from lymph nodes of healthy pigs in the surrounding area of Montevideo. White mice, hamsters and meriones were inoculated by intraperitoneal, intravenous or intracardiac routes. These animals were observed for either one year or until death, if death occurred during that year. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were studied. Smears and cultures were also performed. This method led to a better knowledge of the pathogenicity of the following atypical mycobacteria species: Mycobacterium kansasii, MAIS complex and M. chelonae. It showed that some saprophyte strains belonging to terrae and vaccae complex were able to develop a pathogenicity. The hamster appeared to be the most sensitive animal.

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Se realizó un estudio preliminar para determinar la reacción de los tejidos en ovinos vacunados con vacuna antiaftosa con adyuvante oleoso, según la vía de inoculación y dosis variables de vacuna. Con base en las observaciones de campo, inspección veterinaria en playa de faena y estudios histológicos se hicieron las siguientes observaciones: a) no existieron diferencias significativas en las reacciones macroscópicas y microscópicas entre las vacunas oleosas preparadas en emulsión simple o doble; b) al igual que lo ya demostrado en la especie bovina, este tipo de vacunas puede ser administrado por vía intramuscular utilizando el tercio anterior de la tabla de cuello como punto de elección; c) la vía intraperitoneal fue inocua y se sugiere la realización de futuros estudios conducentes a determinar si esta vía es aplicable en el campo, especialmente cuando se usa la emulsión doble; d) se deberá determinar la respuesta inmunitaria para la especie ovina, por las distinas vías y a diferentes dosis.

A preliminary study was conducted to determine tissue response in sheep vaccinated with oil-adjuvanted foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, according to route of inoculation and varying vaccine doses. Based on field observations, veterinary inspection at slaughterhouse and histological studies, the following observations were made: (a) no signigicant differences were observed in the macroscopic or microscopic reactions of the oil- adjuvanted vaccines prepared as primary or double emulsions; (b) as previously demonstrated in cattle, this type of vaccine can be administered intramuscularly in the forward third part of the flat of the neck; (c) the intraperitoneal route was innocuous, and it is suggested that future studies be conducted to ascertain whether this route is applicable in the field, especially when double emulsion is utilized; (d) the immune response should be determined in sheep for the different routes and varying doses.

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Fifty patients with manic-depressive psychosis, 120 neurotics and 100 healthy individuals were studied. They underwent the toxoplasmin intradermal test. The highest percentage of reactors was found among patients with manic-depressive psychosis (66,0%). Patients with depressive neurosis accounted for the highest number among neurotics (55,6%). The intensity of reaction was higher among patients with manic-depressive psychosis. Neurotic patients were compared to schizophrenic patients from a previous study conducted by one out of the authors. It is concluded that the percentage of reactors is higher among patients with depressive mental disorders, and also that this percentage increases with mental deterioration in patients.

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Ulcerative posthitis in bulls in Uruguay is described; 1096 bulls in 17 different establishments were examined. The incidence of bulls grazing on improved pasture was 32.9% in those under one year and 80.8% in animals of 18 to 36 months of age. Bulls grazing on natural pasture showed an incidence of 63.5% in adult animals irrespective of age. Histologic characteristics of the preputial lesions were acanthosis, parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis followed by invasion of leukocytes in the epithelium and ulceration. Corynebacterium renale was isolated from 59 of 204 prepuces. Based on the isolation of C. renale, histological lesions and the greater incidence in animals on high planes of nutrition, it is postulated that the lesion is due primarily to production of ammonia following the hydrolization of urea by the organism.

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In the Intensive Care Unit of our General Hospital, where an important obstetric-pediatric unit exists, 392 infants have been treated from August 1974 to 1976. Although the results of all age groups are shown, the neonatal one is specially considered. All those patients who recovered and were discharged from the hospital were called for revision and the results of those whom attended are shown. The convinience of the regionalisation and hierarchisation of these intensive care units and the necessity of adequately organise the communication and transport of these patients from the peripheral small units to the regional one, is emphasized.

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