RESUMEN
We have previously shown that Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) impairs monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells (DCs). Macroautophagy/autophagy has been reported to be essential in such a differentiating process. Here we extended these studies and found that the impairment of DC formation by KSHV occurs through autophagy inhibition. KSHV indeed reduces CAST (calpastatin) and consequently decreases ATG5 expression in both THP-1 monocytoid cells and primary monocytes. We unveiled a new mechanism put in place by KSHV to escape from immune control. The discovery of viral immune suppressive strategies that contribute to the onset and progression of viral-associated malignancies is of fundamental importance for finding new therapeutic approaches against them.
Asunto(s)
Proteína 5 Relacionada con la Autofagia/metabolismo , Autofagia , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Herpesvirus Humano 8/fisiología , Monocitos/patología , Monocitos/virología , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos B/citología , Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/metabolismo , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/citología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína Quinasa 9 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
4,7-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phanquinone) was used as a fluorogenic labeling reagent in pre-column derivatization for the quality control of amino acids in pharmaceuticals. The amino acid adducts were efficiently separated by C12 RP high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a ternary mixture of triethylamine (TEA) phosphate buffer (pH 2.5, 0.05 M)-methanol- tetrahydrofuran (THF) as mobile phase by varying composition gradient elution and detected fluorometrically. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared statistically, by means of the Student's t-test and the variance ratio F-test, with those obtained by a rapid reference method, which involved o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) as pre-column reagent; no significant difference was found. The stronger derivatization conditions (60 degrees C, pH 8, 60 min) required for the method with phanquinone are compensated by the major stability of derivatives and by the absence of fluorescent degradation products.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/análisis , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/análisis , Fenantrolinas/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodosRESUMEN
After the identification of GV150526, the indole-2-carboxylate template was further explored in order to identify novel potential anti-stroke agents. In particular, the SAR of the side chain present at the C-3 position of the indole nucleus was widely studied. In this paper, the synthesis and the pharmacological profile of a further class of conformationally restricted analogues of GV150526 as in vitro and in vivo potent glycine antagonists is reported. In particular, a pyrazolidinone derivative was identified as a potent neuroprotective agent in animal models of cerebral ischaemia.
Asunto(s)
Glicina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Indoles/síntesis química , Animales , Sitios de Unión/efectos de los fármacos , Indoles/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/síntesis química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Convulsiones/prevención & control , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of 5-phenyl-3-ureidobenzodiazepine-2,4-diones was synthesized and evaluated as cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B) receptor antagonists. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed the importance of the N-1 substituent for potent and selective CCK-B affinity. Addition of substituents at the urea side chain provided in some cases more potent compounds. Moreover the introduction of bulky substituents such as adamantylmethyl at N-1 and resolution of the racemic ureas resulted in our lead compound GV150013.
Asunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/síntesis química , Benzodiazepinas/síntesis química , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Ansiolíticos/química , Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Benzodiazepinas/química , Benzodiazepinas/farmacología , Callithrix , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Cobayas , Células HeLa , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Membranas , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Páncreas/metabolismo , Ensayo de Unión Radioligante , Ratas , Receptor de Colecistoquinina A , Receptor de Colecistoquinina B , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A novel series of indole-2-carboxylate analogues of GV150526 (1) in which the propenoic double bond was substituted with different "probes" or replaced by a isosteric cyclopropyl moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity profile in order to obtain further information on the pharmacophoric model of the glycine binding site associated to the NMDA receptor.
Asunto(s)
Sitios de Unión/efectos de los fármacos , Glicina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Indoles/química , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Animales , Glicina/metabolismo , Indoles/síntesis química , Indoles/farmacología , Ratones , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-ureido and 3-carbamate derivatives of 1,5-benzodiazepines bearing bridged cycloalkyl substituents at N-1 are reported. Their activity as CCK-B receptor ligands is briefly discussed.
Asunto(s)
Benzodiazepinas/síntesis química , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Benzodiazepinas/farmacología , Cobayas , Técnicas In Vitro , Ligandos , Receptor de Colecistoquinina BAsunto(s)
Benzodiazepinas/síntesis química , Benzodiazepinas/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos Halogenados/síntesis química , Hidrocarburos Halogenados/metabolismo , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/metabolismo , Animales , Benzodiazepinas/farmacología , Cobayas , Hidrocarburos Halogenados/farmacología , Cinética , Ligandos , Receptor de Colecistoquinina B , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Imidazolidine-2,4-diones and 1,5-diphenyl tetramic acid derivatives were selected in order to evaluate some 5-membered heterocyclic ring compounds as potential templates for the synthesis of CCK receptor ligands. All the compounds were evaluated in vitro towards both CCK-B and CCK-A receptors.
Asunto(s)
Imidazoles/síntesis química , Ligandos , Pirrolidinonas/síntesis química , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Imidazoles/farmacología , Membranas/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Pirrolidinonas/farmacología , Ensayo de Unión RadioliganteRESUMEN
6-alpha and 6-beta Alkylcarbonylmethyl penems were synthesized from 6-alpha-bromo and 6-oxo penicillanates respectively and their in vitro antibacterial activity was studied. The compounds were generally active against Gram-positive but not against Gram-negative strains, the compounds of the 6-beta series being more active. Relatively to imipenem, taken as reference compound, the penems resulted more stable towards chemical hydrolysis in Tris-HCl buffered medium (pH 7.4) but more sensitive towards dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I).