RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether elevated homocysteine levels were a predictor of subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, cardiovascular mortality or all-cause mortality in the general population by a meta-analysis. METHODS: In a systematic search conducted in the databases of PubMed and Embase prior to October 2013, we identified relevant prospective observational studies evaluating the association between baseline homocysteine levels and CHD mortality, cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in the general population. Pooled adjust risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated separately for categorical risk estimates and continuous risk estimates. RESULTS: Twelve studies with 23623 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing the highest to lowest homocysteine level categories, CHD mortality increased by 66% (RR 1.66; 95% CI 1.12-2.47; P=0.012), cardiovascular mortality increased by 68% (RR 1.68; 95% CI 1.04-2.70; P=0.033), and all-cause mortality increased by 93% (RR 1.93; 95% CI 1.54-2.43; P<0.001). Moreover, for each 5 µmol/L homocysteine increment, the pooled RR was 1.52 (95% CI 1.26-1.84; P<0.001) for CHD mortality, 1.32 (95% CI 1.08-1.61; P=0.006) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.27 (95% CI 1.03-1.55; P=0.023) for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated homocysteine levels are an independent predictor for subsequent cardiovascular mortality or all-cause mortality, and the risks were more pronounced among elderly persons.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Homocisteína/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad Coronaria/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Oportunidad Relativa , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIM: To construct an enterovirus 71(EV71) multiepitope-mGITRL eukaryotic plasmid and study its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. METHODS: We first designed and synthesized VP1' epigene containing two B cells and two T cells epitopes of VP1, and amplified mGITRL gene by PCR. The VP1' epigene and mGITRL gene were then cloned into the expression vector pIRES to construct the recombination plasmid pIRES-VP1'-mGITRL. The recombination plasmid was transfected into COS7 cells by liposome-mediated method. The protein expressions of VP1' and mGITRL were detected by Western blotting. BALB/c mice were immunized with pIRES-VP1'-mGITRL plasmid, and its serum antibody titer was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The recombination plasmid pIRES-VP1'-mGITRL was successfully constructed as demonstrated by sequencing. Western blot analysis indicated that the VP1'-mGITRL fusion protein was expressed in COS7 cells and muscle cells. After BALB/c mice were immunized with this plasmid, we detected the high titer of anti-VP1 antibody in serum. CONCLUSION: VP1'-mGITRL fusion protein can be highly expressed in COS7 cells and muscle cells by the construction and transfection of the recombination plasmid pIRES-VP1'-mGITRL, and it could elicit the dramatic immune response in mice.