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INTRODUCTION: Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfonic acid involved in various physiological and pathological processes, such as the regulation of calcium signaling, immune function, inflammatory response, and cellular aging. It has the potential to predict tumor malignant transformation and formation. Our previous work discovered the elevated taurine in lung cancer patients. However, the precise impact and mechanism of elevated serum taurine levels on lung cancer progression and the suitability of taurine or taurine-containing drinks for lung cancer patients remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to systematically investigate the role of taurine in lung cancer, with the ultimate goal of contributing novel strategies for lung cancer treatment. METHODS: Lung cancer C57 and nude mice models, RNA sequencing, and stable transfection were applied to explored the effects and mechanisms of taurine on lung cancer. Tissues of 129 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients derived from 2014 to 2017 for immunohistochemistry were collected in Taihe Hospital. RESULTS: Low doses of taurine, as well as taurine-infused beverages at equivalent doses, significantly enhanced lung tumor growth. Equally intriguing is that the promoting effect of taurine on lung cancer progression wanes as the dosage increases. The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 1 (Nfe2l1 or Nrf1)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-PD-1 axis may be a potential mechanism for dual role of taurine in lung cancer progression. However, taurine's impacts on lung cancer progression and the anti-tumor function of Nfe2l1 were mainly determined by the immune competence. Taurine inhitited lung tumor growth probably by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in nude mice rather than by affecting Nfe2l1 function. As patients age increased, Nfe2l1 gene and protein gradually returned to the levels observed in healthy individuals, but lost its anti-lung cancer effects. CONCLUSIONS: Taurine emerges as a potential biomarker for lung cancer progression, predicting poor prognosis and unsuitability for specific patients. Lung cancer patients, especially young patients, should be conscious of potential effects of taurine-containing drinks. Conversely, taurine or its drinks may be more suitable for older or immune-deficient patients.
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A reactive crystallization method for the synthesis of lanthanum hydroxychloride (La(OH)2Cl) was developed to provide a new low-carbon route for the purification of rare earth elements in hydrometallurgy. The synthetic method reported herein represents a unique low-temperature route, short preparation time and inexpensive materials compared with previous methods, thus making it promising for industrial applications. The key factors controlling the product's phase were determined using single factor tests involving temperature, concentration of NH4Cl in the base solution and the molar ratio of NH4OH/La3+ added per minute into the base solution. Otherwise, the outcome is lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3). Subsequently, the synthesized products were characterized by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, the thermal decomposition behavior of La(OH)2Cl was assessed using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Lanthanum oxychloride (LaClO) was obtained at about 360 °C. The thermal transformation from LaClO to La2O3 started at 400 °C and was a slow oxidation process. Pure La2O3 could be obtained when the temperature increased to 1500 °C.
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Rice bran, which is abundant in dietary fiber and phytochemicals, provides multiple health benefits. Nonetheless, its effects on neuroinflammation and gut microbiota in postmenopausal conditions are still not well understood. This study investigated the effects of rice bran and/or tea seed oil supplementation in d-galactose-injected ovariectomized (OVX) old mice fed a fructose drink. The combination of d-galactose injection, ovariectomy, and fructose drink administration creates a comprehensive model that simulates aging in females under multiple metabolic stressors, including oxidative stress, estrogen deficiency, and high-sugar diets, and allows the study of their combined impact on metabolic disorders and related diseases. Eight-week-old and 6-8-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were used. The mice were divided into six groups: a sham + young mice, a sham + old mice, an OVX + soybean oil, an OVX + soybean oil with rice bran, an OVX + tea seed oil (TO), and an OVX + TO with rice bran diet group. The OVX groups were subcutaneously injected with d-galactose (100 mg/kg/day) and received a 15% (v/v) fructose drink. The rice bran and tea seed oil supplementation formed 10% of the diet (w/w). The results showed that the rice bran with TO diet increased the number of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing Clostridia and reduced the number of endotoxin-producing Tannerellaceae, which mitigated imbalances in the gut-liver-brain axis. Rice bran supplementation reduced the relative weight of the liver, levels of hepatic triglycerides and total cholesterol; aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase activity; brain levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1ß and tumor necrosis factor-α; and plasma 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. This study concludes that rice bran inhibits hepatic fat accumulation, which mitigates peripheral metaflammation and oxidative damage and reduces neuroinflammation in the brain.
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Fructosa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Oryza , Ovariectomía , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ratones , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Galactosa , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The frequency of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures has substantially increased, but its effect on vascular access recreation (VAR) remains inconclusive. We conducted a population-based retrospective analysis of Taiwan hemodialysis (HD) centers from 2004 to 2012. Data was accumulated into center-level characteristics, including patients' demographics, baseline characteristics, PTA procedures, and VAR. Center-level characteristics were summarized annually using appropriate measures. A mixed model assessed the association between PTA frequency and VAR rates, considering within-center correlation and adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 82,005 patients (mean age 62.7 ± 13.9 years, 50.5% male, 48.5% with diabetes mellitus) from 820 HD centers were analyzed. From 2004 to 2012, PTA frequency significantly increased from 1.24 to 3.23 per 1000 HD sessions, while VAR rates did not decline as expected (0.5-0.8 per 1000 HD sessions). Compared with the HD centers of infrequent use of PTA (annual lowest quartile, range 0.39-1.20 per 1000 HD sessions), the ones of frequent use (annual highest quartile, range 2.52-5.10 per 1000 HD sessions) didn't have lower VAR (range 0.54-0.99 vs. 0.50-0.91 per 1000 HD sessions, respectively). After controlling the potential confounders, the HD centers' PTA rates were not significantly associated with lower VAR rates (- 2.6, 95% confidence interval: - 30.3; 25.0, p = 0.85). Frequent use of PTA does not seem to improve VA patency at the center level, with no significant association identified with lower VAR. The indication of PTA in daily practice should be re-evaluated in terms of its efficiency in lowering VAR.
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Angioplastia , Diálisis Renal , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diálisis Renal/métodos , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Angioplastia/métodos , Angioplastia/estadística & datos numéricos , Taiwán/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Dispositivos de Acceso VascularRESUMEN
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious clinical problem with high amputation and mortality rates, yet there is a lack of desirable therapy. While the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes significantly to wound healing, ECM-related biomarker for DFU is still unknown. The study was designed to identify ECM-related biomarker in DFU using bioinformatics and machine learning and validate it in STZ-induced mice models. Methods: GSE80178 and GSE134431 microarray datasets were fetched from the GEO database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was performed, respectively. By analyzing DEGs and ECM genes, we identified ECM-related DEGs, and functional enrichment analysis was conducted. Subsequently, three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, RF and SVM-RFE) were applied to filter ECM-related DEGs to identify key ECM-related biomarkers. Next, we conducted immune infiltration analysis, GSEA, and correlation analysis to explore the hub gene underlying mechanism. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and drug regulatory network were constructed. Finally, we validated the key ECM-related biomarker in STZ-induced mice models. Results: One hundred and forty-five common DEGs in adult DFU between the two datasets were identified. Taking the intersection of 145 common DEGs and 964 ECM genes, we identified 13 ECM-related DEGs. Thirteen ECM-related DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways associated with tissue remodeling, inflammation and defense against infectious agents. Ultimately, CTSH was identified as the key ECM-related biomarker. CTSH was associated with difference immune cells during the occurrence and development of DFU, and it influenced hedgehog, IL-17 and TNF signaling pathway. Additionally, CTSH expression is correlated with many ECM- and immune-related genes. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and drug regulatory network were constructed with 10 lncRNAs, 2 miRNAs, CTSH and 1 drug. Finally, CTSH was validated as a key biomarker for DFU in animal models. Conclusion: Our study found that CTSH can be used for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes and might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Objective: This study aimed to analyse the etiology and clinical characteristics of hypercalcemic crisis in a large cohort of Chinese patients and summarised our clinical experience in the management of this serious endocrinological emergency. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with hypercalcemic crisis hospitalized in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2009 and March 2024. The general data, clinical manifestations, etiology, photographic examination, emergency treatment, etiological treatment, and prognosis were analysed. Results: A total of 155 patients with hypercalcemic crisis (91 males and 64 females) with a mean age of 54.60 ± 16.99 years old were enrolled. The most frequent disease-causing hypercalcemic crisis was hyperparathyroidism (41.94%), followed by solid malignancy (41.29%) and multiple myeloma (9.03%), et al. Patients mainly presented with symptoms of the digestive system (78.10%), nervous system (63.30%), skeletal system (59.60%), urinary system (59.50%), and cardiovascular system (34.90%). These 155 patients with hypercalcemic crisis got effective therapies that included simultaneous administration of intravenous injection (IV) isotonic saline, subcutaneous calcitonin, bisphosphonate, or hemodialysis in serious cases. After emergency treatment, all the symptoms in the patients were relieved obviously. The cure rate of hypercalcemic with etiological treatments was 84.50% (131/155). Conclusion: Hypercalcemic crisis is a serious endocrinological emergency with a variety of etiologies and a high risk of mortality. A prompt diagnosis and the implementation of a comprehensive and effective treatment can efficiently alleviate this endocrinological emergency. Etiological treatment targeting different causes can improve prognosis significantly.
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INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in oncology, with median survival times barely extending beyond a year due to resistance to standard therapies like temozolomide (TMZ). This study introduces a novel therapeutic strategy combining progesterone (Prog) and abiraterone (Abi) aimed at enhancing GBM treatment efficacy by modulating the tumor microenvironment and augmenting NK cell-mediated immunity. METHODS: We employed in vitro and in vivo GBM models to assess the effects of Prog and Abi on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and the immune microenvironment. Techniques included cell viability assays, Glo-caspase 3/7 apoptosis assays, RNA-seq and qPCR for gene expression, Seahorse analysis for mitochondrial function, HPLC-MS for metabolomics analysis, and immune analysis by flow cytometry to quantify NK cell infiltration. RESULTS: Prog significantly reduced the IC50 of Abi in TMZ-resistant GBM cell, suggesting the enhanced cytotoxicity. Treatment induced greater apoptosis than either agent alone, suppressed tumor growth, and prolonged survival in mouse models. Notably, there was an increase in CD3-/CD19-/CD56+/NK1.1+ NK cell infiltration in treated tumors, indicating a shift towards an anti-tumor immune microenvironment. The combination therapy also resulted in a reduction of MGMT expression and a suppression of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in GBM cells. CONCLUSION: The combination of Prog and Abi represents a promising therapeutic approach for GBM, showing potential in suppressing tumor growth, extending survival, and modulating the immune microenvironment. These findings warrant further exploration into the clinical applicability of this strategy to improve outcomes for GBM patients.
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Glioblastoma , Células Asesinas Naturales , Progesterona , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/patología , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/inmunología , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Progesterona/farmacología , Androstenos/farmacología , Androstenos/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/inmunología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Exploring and accurately detecting new adulteration markers in sesame oil is an important measure for sesame oil adulteration monitoring. In this study, two endogenous flavors sulfurol and γ-nonalactone which can be used as potential adulteration markers were first discovered in sesame oil and accurately quantified. First, the two endogenous flavors were discovered using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their structures were confirmed by comparing the mass spectrograms with the NIST spectral library. Then the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using direct methanol extraction pretreatment and vanillin-D3 as an internal standard was developed for rapid quantitation and application. The method was successfully validated with recoveries ranging from 88.5% to 102.2% and relative standard deviations between 2.6% and 10.5% (n = 6). The combined method of GC-MS and LC-MS/MS was indicated to be efficient and highly sensitive for detection of sulfurol and γ-nonalactone in edible oil. Subsequently, 31 sesame oils from the market were detected, revealing that 31 samples contained the identified flavors within a relatively consistent range. However, the concentration of these flavor substances in one sample was abnormally high, indicating that there was a potential risk of adulteration. Therefore, the developed method shows good potential for quality evaluation and adulteration screening of sesame oil.
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Edema of the prepuce is a common clinical complication following circumcision in urology. Nevertheless, the principal method of gauze wrapping in clinical practice has not yet been demonstrated to be an effective solution to the problem of postoperative edema. It is therefore evident that the development of functional dressings for the treatment of post-circumcision edema has considerable potential for both clinical application and translational significance. The objective of this study was to develop a single-component bioactive oligopeptide hydrogel dressing with favorable anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenesis properties and biosafety for the treatment of edema following prepuce surgery. A hexapeptide (Ac-FFFGHK-OH) hydrogelator was designed and synthesized through the N-terminal modification of a human-derived glycine-histidine-lysine tripeptide (GHK) with an N-acetylated phenylalanine tripeptide (Ac-FFF). The bioactive Ac-FFFGHK-OH hydrogel can be prepared through a facile self-assembly method. Furthermore, a novel experimental animal model of post-circumcision edema in Sprague-Dawley rats was constructed and the in vivo anti-edema effect of the Ac-FFFGHK-OH hydrogel was confirmed. The mechanism of action in relieving edema was also investigated by in vitro cell experiments. This work may inspire alternative thinking for the development of mono-component bioactive oligopeptide hydrogels for the treatment of edema in various diseases.
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Polyoxometalates (POMs) with various coordination fashions are versatile ligands for constructing single-ion magnets (SIMs), but enforcing POM-SIMs with a specific geometry remains a synthetic challenge. Herein, we synthesized a POM-cocrystallized DyIII-SIM [Dy(OPPh3)4(H2O)3][PW12O40]·4EtOH (1Dy) and a POM-ligated DyIII-SIM [{Dy(OPPh3)3(H2O)3}{PW12O40}]·Ph3PO·H2O (2Dy) with pentagonal bipyramidal local coordination geometry. Magnetic measurements indicate that 1Dy displays field-induced single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior and the relaxation is dominated by under-barrier processes. 2Dy exhibits spin-lattice relaxation at a broader temperature region with a reversal barrier over 300 K. Magneto-structural analysis reveals that the enhancement of SMM behavior originated from the equatorial replacement of Ph3PO by POM, which strengthens the axial anisotropy in 2Dy. Luminescent experiments indicate that the characteristic DyIII emissions of 1Dy are covered up by the strong π-π* emission of Ph3PO at low-temperature regions. As for 2Dy, partial DyIII emission persists thanks to the antenna effect between DyIII and POM.
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The blood supply in the retina ensures photoreceptor function and maintains regular vision. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), caused by the mitochondrial DNA mutations that deteriorate complex I activity, is characterized by progressive vision loss. Although some reports indicated retinal vasculature abnormalities as one of the comorbidities in LHON, the paracrine influence of LHON-affected retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) on vascular endothelial cell physiology remains unclear. To address this, we established an in vitro model of mitochondrial complex I deficiency using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RGCs (iPSC-RGCs) treated with a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone (Rot) to recapitulate LHON pathologies. The secretomes from Rot-treated iPSC-RGCs (Rot-iPSC-RGCs) were collected, and their treatment effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was studied. Rot induced LHON-like characteristics in iPSC-RGCs, including decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. When HUVECs were exposed to conditioned media (CM) from Rot-iPSC-RGCs, the angiogenesis of HUVECs was suppressed compared to those treated with CM from control iPSC-RGCs (Ctrl-iPSC-RGCs). Angiogenesis-related proteins were altered in the secretomes from Rot-iPSC-RGC-derived CM, particularly angiopoietin, MMP-9, uPA, collagen XVIII, and VEGF were reduced. Notably, GeneMANIA analysis indicated that VEGFA emerged as the pivotal angiogenesis-related protein among the identified proteins secreted by health iPSC-RGCs but reduced in the secretomes from Rot-iPSC-RGCs. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blots confirmed the reduction of VEGFA at both transcription and translation levels, respectively. Our study reveals that Rot-iPSC-RGCs establish a microenvironment to diminish the angiogenic potential of vascular cells nearby, shedding light on the paracrine regulation of LHON-affected RGCs on retinal vasculature.
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Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Atrofia Óptica Hereditaria de Leber , Células Ganglionares de la Retina , Humanos , Atrofia Óptica Hereditaria de Leber/metabolismo , Atrofia Óptica Hereditaria de Leber/patología , Atrofia Óptica Hereditaria de Leber/genética , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/metabolismo , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/efectos de los fármacos , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/patología , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Rotenona/farmacología , Medios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Complejo I de Transporte de Electrón/metabolismo , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , AngiogénesisRESUMEN
Organic photothermal conversion materials hold immense promise for various applications owing to their structural flexibility. Recent research has focused on enhancing near-infrared (NIR) absorption and mitigating radiative transition processes. In this study, we have developed a viable approach to the design of photothermal conversion materials through the construction of ternary organic cocrystals, by introducing a third component as a molecular blocker and motion unit into a binary donor-acceptor system. Superstructural and photophysical properties of the ternary cocrystals were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The role of the molecular blocker in radical stabilization and photothermal conversion were demonstrated. Intriguingly, the motions of the entire pyrene molecules in the cocrystal have been observed by variable temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction results. The excellent performance of ternary cocrystal as a photothermal material was validated through efficient NIR-II photothermal and solar-driven water evaporation experiments. The efficiency of water evaporation reached 88.7 %, with a corresponding evaporation rate of 1.29 kg m-2 h-1, representing excellent performance among pure organic small molecular photothermal conversion materials. Our research underscores the introduction of molecular blockers and motion units to stabilize radicals and produce outstanding photothermal conversion materials, offering new pathways for developing efficient and stable photothermal conversion materials.
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BACKGROUND: and Purpose: With mindfulness being increasingly recognized for its potential to address psychological challenges related to advanced or terminal illnesses, palliative care professionals are incorporating mindfulness-based interventions into their practice. However, there is limited understanding of the practical applications of mindfulness in clinical settings, particularly for end-of-life patients. This study explored palliative care professionals' experiences in delivering mindfulness-based therapy to end-of-life patients, thereby aiming to inform the development of effective interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 palliative care professionals. Participants were asked to describe their memorable experiences in applying mindfulness in a clinical setting. Data were analyzed following Moustakas's transcendental phenomenology approach. RESULTS: The interviews produced three themes: clinicians' mindfulness experiences form the cornerstone of their clinical application of mindfulness; creating an optimal healing environment is essential for mindfulness practice; and patient-centric mindfulness guidance should be implemented. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the critical role of mindfulness in end-of-life care, highlighting its integration into daily life by palliative care professionals. By drawing upon their own mindfulness experiences, palliative care professionals facilitated a therapeutic environment tailored to the unique needs of end-of-life patients. This patient-centered approach not only enhanced the quality of care but also fostered a healing connection rooted in compassion and empathy. The findings advocate for further education and development of mindfulness-based interventions, including group therapies, to support the holistic well-being of patients in collectivist cultures. Future research should further explore the practical applications and benefits of mindfulness in end-of-life care settings.
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BACKGROUND: Surgical therapy is the most optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) patients. However, whether to perform bile duct resection (BDR) is still controversial. The purpose of this multicenter research is to compare the effect of BDR on the prognosis of extrahepatic BDTT patients. METHODS: We collected the data of 111 HCC patients combined with extrahepatic BDTT who underwent radical hepatectomy from June 1, 2004 to December 31, 2021. Those patients had either received hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection (BDR group) or hepatectomy without bile duct resection (NBDR group). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce the potential bias between two groups and balance the influence of confounding factors in baseline data. Then compare the prognosis between the two groups of patients. Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to further determine the independent risk factors that influence the prognosis of HCC-BDTT patients. RESULTS: There were 38 patients in the BDR group and 73 patients in the NBDR group. Before and after IPTW, there were no statistical significance in OS, RFS and intraoperative median blood loss between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Before IPTW, the median postoperative hospital stay in the NBDR group was shorter (P = 0.046) and the grade of postoperative complications was lower than BDR group (P = 0.014). After IPTW, there was no difference in postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). The complication grade in the NBDR group was still lower than that in the BDR group (P = 0.046). The univariate analysis showed that TNM stage and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) were significantly correlated with OS (both P < 0.05). Preoperative AFP level, TNM stage and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were significantly correlated with postoperative RFS (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor TNM stage was an independent risk factor for the OS rate (P = 0.014). TNM stage, PNI and AFP were independent predictors of RFS after radical hepatectomy (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For HCC-BDTT patients, hepatocellular carcinoma resection combined with choledochotomy to remove the tumor thrombus may benefit more.
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Conductos Biliares Extrahepáticos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatectomía , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Conductos Biliares Extrahepáticos/cirugía , Conductos Biliares Extrahepáticos/patología , Trombosis/cirugía , Trombosis/etiología , Trombosis/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/complicaciones , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/mortalidad , Anciano , AdultoRESUMEN
Background and Objectives: Frailty in older adults is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the frailty status of community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan using the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and explore associations with demographic, physiological, and functional factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 278 community-dwelling older adults were classified as robust, prefrail, or frail based on their KCL scores. Participants underwent physical fitness assessments including muscle strength and endurance tests, walking speed tests, and flexibility tests. One-way ANOVA and logistic regression analyses were used to examine differences and associations between frailty status and physical fitness indicators. Results: 36% of participants were robust, 47.1% prefrail, and 16.9% frail. The robust group significantly outperformed the prefrail and frail groups in the 30 s sit-to-stand test, 2.44 m sit-to-walk test, and walking speed (p < 0.001). The 2.44 m sit-to-walk test was a significant predictor of prefrailty (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02-1.36) after adjusting for other physical fitness indicators. Conclusions: Lower limb functional capacity, particularly in the 2.44 m sit-to-walk test, was significantly associated with pre-frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. Early screening, the classification of frailty by the Kihon Checklist, and targeted interventions focusing on lower limb strength, endurance, and mobility are crucial for preventing and delaying frailty progression in older populations.
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Lista de Verificación , Fragilidad , Evaluación Geriátrica , Vida Independiente , Humanos , Anciano , Taiwán/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Vida Independiente/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fragilidad/epidemiología , Fragilidad/diagnóstico , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Evaluación Geriátrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Anciano Frágil/estadística & datos numéricos , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Aptitud Física/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Selenium (Se), a component of selenoproteins and selenocompounds in the human body, is crucial for the development of male reproductive organs, DNA synthesis, thyroid hormone, metabolism, and defence against infections and oxidative damage. In the testis, it must exceed a desirable level since either a shortage or an overabundance causes aberrant growth. The antioxidant properties of selenium are essential for preserving human reproductive health. Selenoproteins, which have important structural and enzymatic properties, control the biological activities of Se primarily. These proteins specifically have a role in metabolism and a variety of cellular processes, such as the control of selenium transport, thyroid hormone metabolism, immunity, and redox balance. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are less hazardous than selenium-based inorganic and organic materials. Upon being functionalized with active targeting ligands, they are both biocompatible and capable of efficiently delivering combinations of payloads to particular cells. In this review, we discuss briefly the chemistry, structure and functions of selenium and milestones of selenium and selenoproteins. Next we discuss the various factors influences male infertility, biological functions of selenium and selenoproteins, and role of selenium and selenoproteins in spermatogenesis and male fertility. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular mechanism of selenium transport and protective effects of selenium on oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. We also highlight critical contribution of selenium nanoparticles on male fertility and spermatogenesis. Finally ends with conclusion and future perspectives.
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Age at menarche (AAM) is a sign of puberty of females. It is a heritable trait associated with various adult diseases. However, the genetic mechanism that determines AAM and links it to disease risk is poorly understood. Aiming to uncover the genetic basis for AAM, we conducted a joint association study in up to 438,089 women from 3 genome-wide association studies of European and East Asian ancestries. A series of bioinformatical analyses and causal inference were then followed to explore in-depth annotations at the associated loci and infer the causal relationship between AAM and other complex traits/diseases. This largest meta-analysis identified a total of 21 novel AAM associated loci at the genome wide significance level (P < 5.0 × 10-8), 4 of which were European ancestry-specific loci. Functional annotations prioritized 33 candidate genes at newly identified loci. Significant genetic correlations were observed between AAM and 67 complex traits. Further causal inference demonstrated the effects of AAM on 13 traits, including forced vital capacity (FVC), high blood pressure, age at first live birth, etc, indicating that earlier AAM causes lower FVC, worse lung function, hypertension and earlier age at first (last) live birth. Enrichment analysis identified 5 enriched tissues, including the hypothalamus middle, hypothalamo hypophyseal system, neurosecretory systems, hypothalamus and retina. Our findings may provide useful insights that elucidate the mechanisms determining AAM and the genetic interplay between AAM and some traits of women.
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Acute vascular injury provokes an inflammatory response, resulting in neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) and downstream pathologies. The resolution of inflammation is an active process in which specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) and their receptors play a central role. We sought to examine the acute phase response of SPM and their receptors in both circulating blood and the arterial wall in a rat angioplasty model. We found that the ratio of proresolving to pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (LM) in plasma decreased sharply 1 day after vascular injury, then increased slightly by day 7, while that in arteries remained depressed. Granulocyte expression of SPM receptors ALX/FPR2 and DRV2/GPR18, and a leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 increased postinjury, while ERV1/ChemR23 expression was reduced early and then recovered by day 7. Importantly, we show unique arterial expression patterns of SPM receptors in the acute setting, with generally low levels through day 7 that contrasted sharply with that of the pro-inflammatory CCR2 receptor. Overall, these data document acute, time-dependent changes of LM biosynthesis and SPM receptor expression in plasma, leukocytes, and artery walls following acute vascular injury. A biochemical imbalance between inflammation and resolution LM pathways appears persistent 7 days after angioplasty in this model. These findings may help guide therapeutic approaches to accelerate vascular healing and improve the outcomes of vascular interventions for patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
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Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/metabolismo , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/patología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores de Leucotrieno B4/metabolismo , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismoRESUMEN
Infertility is a global health problem affecting millions of people of reproductive age worldwide, with approximately half caused by males. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has strong antioxidant capacity, but its impact on the male reproductive system has not been effectively evaluated. To address this, we integrated RNA-seq, serum metabolomics and intestinal 16â¯S rDNA analysis to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the male reproductive system. The results showed that COS has potential targets for the treatment of oligospermia, which can promote the expression of meiotic proteins DDX4, DAZL and SYCP1, benefit germ cell proliferation and testicular development, enhance antioxidant capacity, and increase the expression of testicular steroid proteins STAR and CYP11A1. At the same time, COS can activate PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in testis and TM3 cells. Microbiome and metabolomics analysis suggested that COS alters gut microbial community composition and cooperates with serum metabolites to regulate spermatogenesis. Therefore, COS promotes male reproduction by regulating intestinal microorganisms and serum metabolism, activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, improving testicular antioxidant capacity and steroid regulation.