RESUMEN

Dimerization of 2-naphthalenecarbonitrile (2-NpCN) mediated by cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) has been investigated employing the density functional theory. Different structures of 2-NpCN dimers were generated by combining monomers in anti-head-to-head (A), anti-head-to-tail (B) and syn-head-to-tail (C) fashion. All these dimeric structures possess rigid cube-like architecture. On confinement within the CB[8] dimer A turns out to be the lowest energy structure. Calculated (1)H NMR spectra revealed that the 2-NpCN dimer exhibits large shielding for aromatic protons consistent with the experiment. The protons attached to cubane moiety on the other hand, led to down-field signals. Dimerization mediated with CB[8] cavitand is further accompanied by the frequency up-shift (blue shift) of methylene stretching vibration in its infrared spectra.

RESUMEN

Electronic structure, (1)H NMR and infrared spectra of diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-b:1',2'-e] pyrazine-5,8-diium or DQ(2+)) encapsulated by cucurbit[n]uril (n = 7,8) hosts are obtained using the density functional theory. Theoretical calculations have shown that both CB[7] or CB[8] host possesses strong affinity toward DQ(2+) compared to its reduced cation or neutral species. Calculated (1)H NMR spectra reveal that Hα protons on bi-pyridinium rings of DQ(2+)@CB[8] complex are de-shielded owing to C=O⋯H interactions. On the other hand aromatic (Hß and Hδ) of DQ(2+) within the CB[8] cavity exhibit significant shielding. The complexation of CB[8] with DQ(2+) splits the carbonyl stretching vibration (1788 cm(-1)) into two distinct vibrations which correspond to 1765 cm(-1) arising from hydrogen bonded carbonyls and the 1792 cm(-1) band from non-interacting ones. Further, the CN stretching vibration in DQ(2+) exhibits a frequency blue-shift of 6 cm(-1) on its encapsulation within the CB[8] cavity. The direction of frequency shift has been explained on the basis of natural bond orbital analyses.

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RESUMEN

The thiosemicarbazide derivative of anthracene, ATSC, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-visible, (1)H NMR, fluorescence, and mass spectroscopy experiments. The interaction of hydrated electron (e(-)aq) with ATSC proceeds via radical anion formation followed by intramolecular transfer that cleaves the thiosemicarbazide side chain on the anthracene moiety. HPLC and ESI-MS experiments suggested that the anthrylmethyl radical combines with different ATSC fragments during the reaction. ATSC, its one-electron reduction products, and dimers were analyzed combining experiments with density functional theory.

RESUMEN

Electronic structure and vibrational spectra of pillar[5]arene (P5) complexes with bis(pyridinium) derivatives viz., 1,2-ethylenedipyridine (edpy), 1,2-propylenedipyridine (3-pdpy), 1,2-butylenedipyridine (bdpy), 1,2-pentamethylenedipyridine (pdpy) and 1,2-hexamethylenedipyridine (hdpy) are investigated employing density functional theory. B3LYP based density functional calculations predicted that interaction energies for complexation decreases steadily with increasing alkyl chain of bis(pyridinium) guest. The calculations have shown that O-H⋯O hydrogen bonded and non-bonded hydroxyls in the host led to distinct vibrations at the 3515 cm(-1) and 3681 cm(-1), respectively in the vibrational spectra. Complexation of bis(pyridinium) guest engenders frequency down-shift for aromatic C-H(α) vibrations owing to C-H⋯O interactions with P5 portals. Moreover, C-H⋯π interactions are inferred in edpy@P5 and 3-pdpy@P5 complexes which results in frequency up-shift (blue shift) of nearly 22-15 cm(-1) for the corresponding C-H(α) vibration.

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RESUMEN

Electronic structure, charge distribution and (1)H NMR in pillar[6]arene (P6) conformers, their diisobutoxy derivatives and their host-guest complexes have been investigated by employing the density functional theory. It has been shown that a P6 conformer obtained by flipping of alternate hydroquinone units turns out to be of lowest energy, owing to the hydrogen bonded network at both rims of the host. As opposed to this, a conformer void of hydrogen bonding interactions has largely been destabilized. The O-HO interactions are analyzed using molecular electrostatic potential topography as a tool. Modification of a P6 host by substituting a diisobutoxy group at reactive phenols (DIBP6) renders rigid pillar-shape architecture to the host in which electron-rich regions are localized within the cavity and near portals. Complexation of n-octyltriethylammonium ions (n-OTEA) with P6 and DIBP6 reveals qualitatively different binding patterns. It has been shown that the conformer in which n-OTEA penetrates from the lower rim of the host and partially encapsulates within the P6 cavity turns out to be 1.4 kJ mol(-1) lower in energy than the complex showing complete guest encapsulation. Host-guest binding patterns, viz. encapsulation or portal interactions, can be distinguished from (1)H NMR chemical shifts. The shielding of ethyl and n-octyl chain protons in an n-OTEA⊂DIBP6 complex points to encapsulation of the guest which has been rationalized from natural bond orbital analyses. These inferences are in consonance with (1)H NMR experiments.