RESUMEN
A series of variously substituted diarylsulfones and related derivatives were found to prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and HIV-1-induced cell killing in vitro. One of the more potent derivatives, 2-nitrophenyl phenyl sulfone (NPPS), completely protected human CEM-SS lymphoblastoid cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 in cell culture at 1 to 5 microM concentrations. HIV-1 replication, as assessed by the production of infectious virions, viral p24 antigen, and virion reverse transcriptase (RT), was inhibited by NPPS at similar concentrations. There was no evidence of direct cytotoxicity of the drug at concentrations below 100 microM. A variety of other CD4+ T-cell lines as well as cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes and monocytes were protected from HIV-1-induced cytopathicity and/or viral replication. NPPS also inhibited several distinctly different strains of HIV-1 but was ineffective against three strains of HIV-2. Biochemical studies revealed that NPPS inhibited HIV-1 RT but not HIV-2 RT. NPPS had no direct effect on HIV-1 virions, nor did it block the initial binding of HIV-1 to target cells. Time-limited treatments of cells with NPPS found that NPPS had to be present continuously in culture to provide maximum antiviral protection. In addition, HIV-1 replication in cells in which infection was already fully established or in chronically infected cells was also unaffected by NPPS. We conclude that NPPS acts in a reversible manner as a nonnucleoside HIV-1-specific RT inhibitor. Although markedly different in structure from a larger, structurally diverse group of known HIV-1-specific nonnucleoside RT inhibitors, NPPS shares several of the biological properties that characterize this emerging new pharmacologic class.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , VIH-1/enzimología , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa , Sulfonas/farmacología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Transcriptasa Inversa del VIH , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , VIH-1/fisiología , Humanos , Indicadores y Reactivos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
We processed 28 samples of human gingiva in health or paradential illness, of 15 patients between 20 to 67 years old. In 306 histologies cuts we made different staining to light microscope. We analyzed presence, distribution, diameter and relations of the elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibers. The patron of distribution fibrilar of the elastic system gingival was different than other zones of the body. The description had made in three zones of the gingival connective tissue: deep, subpapilar and papilar zones. The elastic fibers had less numerous and larger diameter than the elaunin y oxytalan ones. Their repair was irregular. The elaunin followed the colagen fibers. The oxytalan formed delicates nets in the lodge of connective tissue, inflamatories infiltrates and interfibrilar spaces. They came to the basal membrane perpendicularly or oblicualy, isolated or in little bundles. The fibers of elastic system increased principaly in inflamed gingiva of teeth with overburden, though they supported the low proportion that exist at health gingiva. They appeared at the little vases wall and were increased at zones next to edentate spaces. The analogy and close entail between the elaunin and oxytalan fibers to colagen ones, made think in a relation of reenforcement of colagen, increased at paradential illness.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Elástico , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular , Encía/patología , Enfermedades Periodontales/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Proteínas Contráctiles/análisis , Tejido Elástico/análisis , Tejido Elástico/patología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Empalme de ARNRESUMEN
After reviewing the advantages of self-transfusional techniques, experience with 136 patients undergoing elective surgery is reported. In all cases treated, transfusional support was completely autologous, with a readily understandable saving in bank blood. Cases examined also show that sel-transfusional techniques represent an effective precautionary measure against thromboembolic complications and blood-related pathologies.
Asunto(s)
Transfusión de Sangre Autóloga/métodos , Ortopedia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Protocolos Clínicos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
After recalling the specific problems of anaesthesia in ORL and the pharmacological features of Althesin, a personal series is reported. The individual problems arising from the various types of intervention considered are analysed and it is concluded that the advantages deriving from the new steroid are general and specific and are seen not only during operation but in the post-operative period where they influence the course and reduce complications.