RESUMEN
Hu proteins, together with neurone-specific enolase (NSE), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP-9.5), microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and tubulin beta III isoform, were evaluated immunohistochemically as neuronal markers in whole-mount preparations and cultures obtained from the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig small intestine. Anti-Hu immunostaining marked the ganglion cell somas and nuclei without staining of the neuronal processes in the whole-mounts and cultures. The ganglion cell bodies were not obscured by staining of multiple neuronal fibres and this facilitated accurate counting of the neurones. MAP2 immunostaining also provided clear images of individual neurones in both whole mounts and cultures. Immunoreactivity for NSE, PGP-9.5 and tubulin beta III isoform provided sharp images of the ganglion cells in culture, but not in whole-mount preparations. Strong staining of the neuronal processes in the whole-mount preparations obscured the profiles of the ganglion cell bodies to such an extent that accurate counting of the total neuronal population was compromised. Anti-Hu immunostaining was judged to be an acceptable method for obtaining reliable estimates of total numbers of myenteric neurones in relation to other specific histochemical properties such as histamine binding.
Asunto(s)
Intestino Delgado/química , Plexo Mientérico/química , Neuronas/química , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/análisis , Animales , Reacciones Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas ELAV , Cobayas , Sueros Inmunes/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Intestino Delgado/enzimología , Masculino , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/análisis , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/inmunología , Plexo Mientérico/enzimología , Neuronas/enzimología , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/análisis , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/inmunología , Isoformas de Proteínas/análisis , Isoformas de Proteínas/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Tioléster Hidrolasas/análisis , Tioléster Hidrolasas/inmunología , Tubulina (Proteína)/análisis , Tubulina (Proteína)/inmunología , Ubiquitina TiolesterasaRESUMEN
Parallel changes in spontaneously occurring inflammation in colonic Thiry-Vella loops and the in-line colon of cotton-top tamarins were studied in a colitis-inducing environment at 8 and 15 months following surgical preparation of the loops. Gross disease severity and numbers of inflammatory/immune cells per unit area of lamina propria in histological sections from endoscopic biopsies were analyzed. Cell counts and severity of colitis declined over time in the Thiry-Villa loops while the disease followed its characteristic course in the remaining large bowel and in the colons of controls. Perfusion of the loops with the animals' feces increased the density of the cellular infiltrate in the lamina propria in parallel with increased severity of inflammation. Electron micrographs of the colonic mucosa showed invasion by microorganisms. The predominant microorganism had characteristics of Helicobacter sp. The results implicate the fecal stream as a factor in the persistence of colitis in the tamarin model. Nevertheless, fecal factors appear not to be the primary trigger, as evidenced by findings that the disease is not expressed in wild-living tamarins and that it enters remission when affected animals are transferred to natural conditions from a colitis-inducing environment. Both an adverse environment and the fecal contents appear to be required for expression of the disease.
Asunto(s)
Colitis/etiología , Ambiente , Estrés Fisiológico/complicaciones , Animales , Colitis/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Heces , Femenino , Masculino , SaguinusRESUMEN
The cotton-top tamarin is a nonhuman primate noted for susceptibility to juvenile onset colitis and subsequent colon cancer. About 80% develop colitis in captive environments outside the tropics. The aim was to determine the prevalence of colitis and colorectal cancer in tamarins living wild in their tropical habitat. Endoscopic biopsy was used to compare severity of colitis, inflammatory/immune cell densities, mucosal dysplasia, and occurrence of cancer in wild tamarins in a tropical habitat with tamarins living captive in a temperate climate. Six colon biopsies from each of 69 captives showed severe colitis in 64.5% of biopsies and moderate colitis in 19.5%. Severe colitis was not found in 88 wild tamarins; 13% had moderate colitis. Densities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, plasma cells, and mononuclear cells in the lamina propria were related directly to the severity of four grades of colitis (normal, mild, moderate, and severe). Histologic or gross signs of carcinoma were detected in 12 captives and low- or high-grade dysplasia in 15. Neither cancer nor dysplasia was found in any of the wild tamarins. The observations suggest that colitis and cancer in the tamarin model are linked to environmental factors.
Asunto(s)
Colitis/veterinaria , Neoplasias del Colon/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Monos/epidemiología , Saguinus , Animales , Biopsia/veterinaria , Colitis/epidemiología , Colombia/epidemiología , Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
This study measured fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) relative to the severity of colitis in the cotton-top tamarin model of colitis and colon cancer. Severity of colitis was classified as mild, moderate, or severe by subjective scoring of colonic mucosal biopsies and quantification of inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lamina propria. SCFAs were determined by gas chromatography of SCFAs extracted from fresh feces. Tamarins with moderate or severe colitis had significantly reduced levels of fecal SCFAs. The percent dry matter of feces declined significantly in moderate and severe colitis, while total dry matter output per day increased, indicating that moderate and severe colitis in tamarins was associated with diarrhea and increased fecal water loss. In conclusion, this study found colitis in the tamarin model was associated with decreased fecal SCFA levels and progressive inflammation in a pattern similar to human colitis.
Asunto(s)
Colitis/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/análisis , Heces/química , Saguinus , Animales , Cromatografía de Gases , Colitis/metabolismo , Ingestión de Alimentos , Femenino , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , MasculinoRESUMEN
Examination of temperature-metabolism relations found no significant differences between thermoregulation of temperature housed laboratory cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and wild tamarins in Colombia, S.A. The results indicate that tamarins do not acclimate to a temperature environment and are metabolically stressed at Ta less than 32 degrees C. This is consistent with an hypothesis of chronic metabolic stress as a factor in the etiology of cotton-top tamarin colitis, which is restricted to captive populations and not found in wild tamarins.
Asunto(s)
Aclimatación/fisiología , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/fisiología , Colitis Ulcerosa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Monos/etiología , Saguinus/fisiología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Metabolismo Basal , Clima Frío/efectos adversos , Colitis Ulcerosa/etiología , Deshidratación/complicaciones , Femenino , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Consumo de Oxígeno , Análisis de Regresión , Estrés Fisiológico/complicaciones , Estrés Fisiológico/etiologíaRESUMEN
Endoscopic visualization and biopsy have been performed under anesthesia in more than 65 tamarins and marmosets to study the pathogenesis of colitis and cancer of the colon. This procedure allows examination of the large bowel from the anus to the cecum and has been repeated at 2-6 month intervals with few complications. However, care must be exercised not to perforate the colon. Successful use of this technique will permit study of the pathogenesis of colonic diseases throughout the life of the animal and should provide cause-effect information about colitis and colon cancer in tamarins that may apply to the human diseases.