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HYPOTHESIS: The formation of micellar aggregates and the changes in their morphology are crucial for numerous practical applications of surfactants. However, a proper structural characterization of complicated micellar nanostructures remains a challenge. This paper demonstrates the advances of cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) in revealing the structural characteristics that accompany the evolution of surfactant aggregates. EXPERIMENTS: By using cryo-ET in combination with cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and rheometry, studies were carried out on a model system composed of zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants. In this system, the molecular packing parameter was increased gradually by increasing the molar fraction of nonionic surfactant. FINDINGS: A series of structural transformations was observed: linear wormlike micelles (WLMs) â branched WLMs â saturated network of multiconnected WLMs â perforated vesicles (stomatosomes). The transformations occur through an increase in the number of branches at the expense of cylindrical subchains and semispherical endcaps. Exponential distribution of subchains length was confirmed experimentally for multiconnected saturated networks. The stomatosomes were formed when the length of subchains becomes much shorter than the persistence length, causing the three-dimensional (3D) structure to transform into a two-dimensional (2D) membrane. This work identifies the mechanism of the structural changes, which can be further used to design various surfactant self-assemblies.
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A rare case of oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma originating from the sphenoid sinus characterised, for 3 years, by non-specific symptoms of severe headache, a block of nasal breathing, and deprecating sense of smell was presented by an elderly female patient. Sphenoid sinus functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), with a one-block tumour excision, through an endonasal approach, with a histological study of removed tumour masses, were performed on the patient. Long observation in the post-operative period was necessary, considering the risk of recurrence and malignancy of oncocytic Schneiderian papilloma (OSP). Although the oncocytic papilloma of the sphenoid sinus is rare, non-specific symptoms make this pathology easily misdiagnosed. Thus, any isolated unilateral process in the paranasal sinuses with long-existing symptoms must be given careful attention due to the chance of this process being an inverted papilloma with malignization. CT scan indicating a unilateral opacification of paranasal sinuses with local calcifications is a typical manifestation, and endoscopic sphenoidotomy can be recommended as a treatment of choice.
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A joint simulation method based on the wave packet molecular dynamics and density functional theory (WPMD-DFT) is applied to study warm dense deuterium (nonideal deuterium plasmas). This method was developed recently as an extension of the wave packet molecular dynamics (WPMD) in which the equations of motion are solved simultaneously for classical ions and semiclassical electrons represented as Gaussian wave packets. Compared to the classical molecular dynamics and WPMD simulations, the method of WPMD-DFT provides a more accurate representation of quantum effects such as electron-ion coupling and electron degeneracy. It allows studying nonadiabatic dynamics of electrons and ions in equilibrium and nonequilibrium states while being more accurate and efficient at high densities than WPMD and classical molecular dynamics. In the paper, we discuss particular features of the method such as special boundary conditions and the procedure of isentrope calculation as well as the results obtained by WPMD-DFT for the shock-compressed deuterium. The compression isentrope and principal Hugoniot curves obtained by WPMD-DFT are compared with available experimental data and other simulation approaches to validate the method. It opens up a possibility of further application of the method to study nonequilibrium states and relaxation processes.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if Divaza, a drug with nootropic and antioxidant effects, was safe and effective for the correction of oxidative disturbances and to stabilize cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. STUDY DESIGN: The study design consisted of a 12-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective trial in parallel groups. SETTING: The setting in which the study was conducted comprised 10 clinical centers across the Russian Federation. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized into 2 groups and instructed to take either 2 tablets of the study drug or a placebo 3 times per day in conjunction with basic therapy. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was a change in the average endogenous antioxidant potential after the completion of the study. The blood indicators of the oxidative stress (OS) were analyzed at the baseline and then after 12 weeks of therapy using iron-induced chemiluminescence analysis. The Montreal cognitive assessment test was used as a secondary outcome measure to evaluate cognitive impairment at the end of the study. RESULTS: 124 outpatients with a mean age of 60.7 ± 7.6 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive Divaza (n = 65) or a placebo (n = 59). An improvement of cognitive function was observed in all patients of the Divaza group at the end of the treatment; this was significantly better than the placebo group (100 [100] vs. 89.5 [89.1]%, respectively, p = 0.0272 [p = 0.0128]). The administration of Divaza restored the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system. The change in the average level of lipoprotein resistance to oxidation after 12 weeks of therapy, compared to the baseline, was significantly higher in the Divaza group (14.8 ± 14.7 [14.8 ± 14.7] seconds latent period vs. 6.4 ± 16.9 [6.9 ± 16.7] seconds in the placebo group (p = 0.007 [p = 0.0107]). CONCLUSIONS: Divaza is a safe and effective therapeutic option for attenuating OS and recovery of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis.
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Anticuerpos/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/tratamiento farmacológico , Nootrópicos/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Disfunción Cognitiva/psicología , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/diagnóstico , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/metabolismo , Arteriosclerosis Intracraneal/psicología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Nootrópicos/efectos adversos , Estudios Prospectivos , Federación de Rusia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Structural complexity of habitats modifies trophic interactions by providing refuges and altering predator and prey behaviour. Nonlinear effects on trophic interaction strengths driven by these mechanisms may alter food web dynamics and community structure in response to habitat modifications. However, changes in functional response, the relationship between prey density and feeding rate, along habitat complexity (HC) gradients are little understood. We quantified functional responses along a HC gradient from an entirely unstructured to highly structured habitat in a freshwater system, using dragonfly larvae (Aeshna cyanea) preying on Chaoborus obscuripes larvae. To disentangle mechanisms by which changes in HC affect functional responses, we used two different approaches-a population-level and a behavioural experiment-applied an information theoretic approach to identify plausible links between HC and functional response parameters, and compared our results to previous studies. Functional response shape did not change, but we found strong evidence for nonlinear dependence of attack rate and handling time on HC in our study. Combined results from both experiments imply that attack rate increased stepwise between the unstructured and structured habitats in line with the threshold hypothesis, because the predators gained better access to the prey. Handling time was lowest at an intermediate HC level in the population-level experiment while the direct estimate of handling time did not vary with HC in the behavioural experiment. These differences point towards HC-driven changes in foraging activity and other predator and prey behaviour. Most previous studies reported stepwise decrease in attack rate in line with the threshold hypothesis or no change with increasing HC. Moreover, changes in the handling time parameter with HC appear to be relatively common but not conforming to the threshold hypothesis. Overall, increased HC appears to, respectively, weaken and strengthen trophic links in 2D and 3D predator-prey interactions. We conclude that detailed understanding of HC effects on food webs requires complementary experimental approaches across HC gradients that consider predator foraging strategies and predator and prey behaviour. Such studies can also help guide conservation efforts as addition of structural elements is frequently used for restoration of degraded aquatic habitats.
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Odonata , Conducta Predatoria , Animales , Ecosistema , Cadena Alimentaria , LarvaRESUMEN
Plasma flows encountered in high-energy-density experiments display features that differ from those of equilibrium systems. Nonequilibrium approaches such as kinetic theory (KT) capture many, if not all, of these phenomena. However, KT requires closure information, which can be computed from microscale simulations and communicated to KT. We present a concurrent heterogeneous multiscale approach that couples molecular dynamics (MD) with KT in the limit of near-equilibrium flows. To reduce the cost of gathering information from MD, we use active learning to train neural networks on MD data obtained by randomly sampling a small subset of the parameter space. We apply this method to a plasma interfacial mixing problem relevant to warm dense matter, showing considerable computational gains when compared with the full kinetic-MD approach. We find that our approach enables the probing of Coulomb coupling physics across a broad range of temperatures and densities that are inaccessible with current theoretical models.
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Differences in the seroprevalence and unique pattern of parvovirus B19 (B19V) acute infections have been documented around the world. This study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-parvovirus B19V IgG antibodies in the Israeli population and to assess the pattern of acute infection based on data from two laboratories in Israel. The overall IgG prevalence in the 1008 representative sera samples was 61·4% and the age-adjusted prevalence rate was 58·2%. Seropositivity was significantly associated with age, ranging from 25·7% in children aged 20 years. While no significant differences in seropositivity were detected between sexes and population groups, significantly lower seroprevalence was observed in older Jews born in Africa or Asia. Acute infection rates of 4·1% (234 cases) were found based on the positive IgM results identified in samples from 5663 individuals collected between 2008 and 2013. Annual peaks of infection were observed in 2008 and 2011-2012 and major seasonal peak of B19V IgM positivity was identified in June each year. The number of requests for B19V serology was significantly higher for women aged 20-39 years while the majority IgM-positive cases were identified in young children. With more than 30% of the adult population being susceptible to B19V infection, monitoring B19V status should be considered in specific risk groups such as pregnant women.
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Infecciones por Parvoviridae/epidemiología , Parvovirus B19 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Israel/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
2-(Alkyl(aryl)amino)thiazol-4(5H)-ones can regioselectively be prepared from monoalkyl(aryl)thioureas and maleimides. In solution, the former heterocycles exist in a tautomeric equilibrium with 2-(alkyl(aryl)imino)thiazolidin-4-ones and the substituent on the exocyclic nitrogen atom governs the ratio of these tautomers. Isomers with the alkyl group in the endocyclic position can be obtained from N-methyl(ethyl)thioureas. 2D NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations rationalize experimental results.
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Acetylenic enamines generated in situ from readily available enynones and primary amines undergo thermal cyclization in diphenyl ether providing easy access to 4-aryl-2-(trimethylsilylmethylene)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-ones. This reaction is inherently versatile, allowing for variations of substituents in both enynone and amine. Full regioselectivity along with short reaction time (1-2 h) and simple workup afford single products in good to excellent isolated yields. Fluorescent properties of the obtained compounds were studied.
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Acetileno/química , Aminas/química , Pirroles/síntesis química , Temperatura , Compuestos de Trimetilsililo/síntesis química , Ciclización , Estructura Molecular , Pirroles/química , Estereoisomerismo , Compuestos de Trimetilsililo/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The food- and waterborne disease situation in Russia requires special attention. Poor quality of centralized water supplies and sewage systems, biological and chemical contamination of drinking water, as well as contamination of food products, promote widespread infectious diseases, significantly exceeding nationwide rates in the population living in the two-thirds of Russian northern territories. OBJECTIVES: The general aim was to assess the levels of food- and waterborne diseases in selected regions of Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East (for the period 2000-2011), and to compare disease levels among regions and with national levels in Russia. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is the first comparative assessment of the morbidity in these fields of the population of 18 selected regions of Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, using official statistical sources. The incidences of infectious and parasitic food- and waterborne diseases among the general population (including indigenous peoples) have been analyzed in selected regions (per 100,000 of population, averaged for 2000-2011). RESULTS: Among compulsory registered infectious and parasitic diseases, there were high rates and widespread incidences in selected regions of shigellosis, yersiniosis, hepatitis A, tularaemia, giardiasis, enterobiasis, ascariasis, diphyllobothriasis, opistorchiasis, echinococcosis and trichinellosis. CONCLUSION: Incidences of infectious and parasitic food- and waterborne diseases in the general population of selected regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East (2000-2011) are alarmingly high. Parallel solutions must be on the agenda, including improvement of sanitary conditions of cities and settlements in the regions, modernization of the water supply and of the sewage system. Provision and monitoring of the quality of the drinking water, a reform of the general healthcare system and the epidemiological surveillance (including gender-divided statistics), enhancement of laboratory diagnostics and the introduction of preventive actions are urgently needed.
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Contaminación de Alimentos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/etiología , Aguas del Alcantarillado/efectos adversos , Microbiología del Agua , Contaminación del Agua/efectos adversos , Regiones Árticas/epidemiología , Asia Oriental/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Saneamiento/normas , Saneamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Siberia/epidemiología , Contaminación del Agua/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Poor state of water supply systems, shortage of water purification facilities and disinfection systems, low quality of drinking water generally in Russia and particularly in the regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East have been defined in the literature. However, no standard protocol of water security assessment has been used in the majority of studies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Uniform water security indicators collected from Russian official statistical sources for the period 2000-2011 were used for comparison for 18 selected regions in the Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East. The following indicators of water security were analyzed: water consumption, chemical and biological contamination of water reservoirs of Categories I and II of water sources (centralized--underground and surface, and non-centralized) and of drinking water. RESULTS: Water consumption in selected regions fluctuated from 125 to 340 L/person/day. Centralized water sources (both underground and surface sources) are highly contaminated by chemicals (up to 40-80%) and biological agents (up to 55% in some regions), mainly due to surface water sources. Underground water sources show relatively low levels of biological contamination, while chemical contamination is high due to additional water contamination during water treatment and transportation in pipelines. Non-centralized water sources are highly contaminated (both chemically and biologically) in 32-90% of samples analyzed. Very high levels of chemical contamination of drinking water (up to 51%) were detected in many regions, mainly in the north-western part of the Russian Arctic. Biological contamination of drinking water was generally much lower (2.5-12%) everywhere except Evenki AO (27%), and general and thermotolerant coliform bacteria predominated in drinking water samples from all regions (up to 17.5 and 12.5%, correspondingly). The presence of other agents was much lower: Coliphages--0.2-2.7%, Clostridia spores, Giardia cysts, pathogenic bacteria, Rotavirus--up to 0.8%. Of a total of 56 chemical pollutants analyzed in water samples from centralized water supply systems, 32 pollutants were found to be in excess of hygienic limits, with the predominant pollutants being Fe (up to 55%), Cl (up to 57%), Al (up to 43%) and Mn (up to 45%). CONCLUSION: In 18 selected regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East Category I and II water reservoirs, water sources (centralized--underground, surface; non-centralized) and drinking water are highly contaminated by chemical and biological agents. Full-scale reform of the Russian water industry and water security system is urgently needed, especially in selected regions.
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Agua Potable/análisis , Contaminación del Agua/análisis , Calidad del Agua/normas , Abastecimiento de Agua/estadística & datos numéricos , Regiones Árticas , Ingestión de Líquidos , Agua Potable/microbiología , Asia Oriental , Humanos , Federación de Rusia , Saneamiento/métodos , Saneamiento/normas , Aguas del Alcantarillado/análisis , Siberia , Microbiología del Agua , Contaminantes del Agua/análisis , Contaminación del Agua/estadística & datos numéricos , Abastecimiento de Agua/análisisRESUMEN
Laser ablation in liquids is now commonly used to produce colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) that have found numerous applications in different areas. In experiments, NPs of different materials can be rather easily obtained by using laser systems with various pulse durations, shapes, wavelengths, and fluences. In this paper, we focus our attention on metal (gold) NPs produced by ultra-short laser pulses. To better understand the mechanisms of the NPs formation, we perform modeling of femtosecond laser interactions with a gold target in the presence of liquid (water). Simulation of the ablation process over several nanoseconds shows that most of the primary NPs originate from the ablated metastable liquid layer, whereas only a minority is formed by condensation inside the cavitation bubble. These particles will further grow/evaporate, and coagulate during a much longer collision stage in the liquid colloid.
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BACKGROUND: Problems related to food security in Russian Arctic (dietary imbalance, predominance of carbohydrates, shortage of milk products, vegetables and fruits, deficit of vitamins and microelements, chemical, infectious and parasitic food contamination) have been defined in the literature. But no standard protocol of food security assessment has been used in the majority of studies. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to obtain food security indicators, identified within an Arctic collaboration, for selected regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, and to compare food safety in these territories. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In 18 regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, the following indicators of food security were analyzed: food costs, food consumption, and chemical and biological food contamination for the period 2000-2011. RESULTS: Food costs in the regions are high, comprising 23-43% of household income. Only 4 out of 10 food groups (fish products, cereals, sugar, plant oil) are consumed in sufficient amounts. The consumption of milk products, eggs, vegetables, potatoes, fruits (and berries) is severely low in a majority of the selected regions. There are high levels of biological contamination of food in many regions. The biological and chemical contamination situation is alarming, especially in Chukotka. Only 7 food pollutants are under regular control; among pesticides, only DDT. Evenki AO and Magadan Oblast have reached peak values in food contaminants compared with other regions. Mercury in local fish has not been analyzed in the majority of the regions. In 3 regions, no monitoring of DDT occurs. Aflatoxins have not been analyzed in 5 regions. Nitrates had the highest percentage in excess of the hygienic threshold in all regions. Excesses of other pollutants in different regions were episodic and as a rule not high. CONCLUSION: Improvement of the food supply and food accessibility in the regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East is of utmost importance. Both quantitative and qualitative control of chemical and biological contaminants in food is insufficient and demands radical enhancement aimed at improving food security.
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Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Contaminación de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Necesidades Nutricionales/fisiología , Regiones Árticas/epidemiología , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Dieta/economía , Dieta/normas , Asia Oriental/epidemiología , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Microbiología de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/economía , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/normas , Humanos , Desnutrición/economía , Desnutrición/etiología , Encuestas Nutricionales , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Siberia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The flow cell modeling clinical conditions have been used to study the interaction between dilute chemolytic solutions and large calcium oxalate renal stones. The stone treatment with 5% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate aqueous solutions or citrate buffer are found not to provide notable disruption of the samples studied. The significant improvement is reached with the mixed compositions containing both natural and synthetic chelating reagents:citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate ions as well as an antibiotic. Description of the chemolytic irrigation, numerical results and their possible clinical application are the main topic of the present research.
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Oxalato de Calcio/química , Cálculos Renales/química , Microanálisis por Sonda Electrónica , Humanos , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Neutral particle fluxes measured by neutral particle analyzers can provide information about the ion temperature as well as the non-Maxwellian anisotropic ion distribution tails from neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron radio frequency heating. In the case of multidirectional diagnostics employing high resolution atomic energy spectrometers, the neutral atomic flux source is not localized in contrast to pellet charge exchange or diagnostic neutral beam methods. The correct interpretation of such measurements from plasma in a complex toroidally asymmetric geometry, like that of LHD, requires careful numerical modeling of the neutral flux formation. Previously a measured neutral flux calculation scheme was developed and was used for the LHD geometry and a suitable analytic expression for ionization cross sections sigma(s)(z)(E,n(e),T(e),Z(eff)) of impurities was formulated by Janev et al. [Nucl. Fusion 29, 2125 (1989)]. In this paper, the attenuation of fast particles by impurities is incorporated into the neutral flux calculation scheme and the influence of impurities on the calculated neutral flux spectra is shown. Finally, the behavior of the calculated and experimental suprathermal particle distributions is compared for pure hydrogen and for argon impurity seeded plasmas.
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BACKGROUND: In Israel, <0.06% of the general population is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with a much higher prevalence among specific groups. These groups are distinguished demographically by risk behavior category and by virus subtype. We investigated transmission of drug resistance within groups to assess the impact of these factors. METHODS: Plasma samples from >15% of all patients with new diagnoses of HIV infection were randomly collected between June 1999 and June 2003. Sequences from 176 drug-naive patients included 20 of subtype A, 20 of subtype AE, 2 of subtype AC, 29 of subtype B, 100 of subtype C, and 5 of subtype F. RESULTS: Major drug resistance mutations (protease: L90M; reverse transcriptase: M41L, K103N, V106M, M184V, Y181S, G190A, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219R) were detected in 1 subject with A subtype, 3 with subtype B, and 9 with subtype C. In addition, 1 subject with A subtypes, 2 with subtype B, and 10 with subtype C had secondary mutations (protease: M46I; reverse transcriptase: A98G, K101Q, and V108I). Only 1 patient had mutations associated with >1 class of drugs. Among subjects who contracted HIV infection in Israel, 16 of 56 (1 of 7 with subtypes A or AE, 4 of 17 with subtype B, and 11 of 32 with subtype C; P=.7-1.0) carried resistant virus--a significantly higher proportion (P<.001) than in subjects infected in other countries (10 of 120 infected). CONCLUSIONS: Drug-resistant virus was detected in 14.8% of patients with new diagnoses of HIV infection but in 28.6% of patients known to have been infected in Israel. The implications include a need for pretreatment resistance testing and for better programs aimed at prevention of transmission, directed particularly at patients. We did not find significant differences in transmission of resistant virus between those infected with subtypes B and C, despite the different demographic background. A conclusive analysis and interpretation should await a more extensive study.
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Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacología , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Farmacorresistencia Viral , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Proteasa del VIH/genética , VIH-1/genética , Humanos , Israel/epidemiología , Masculino , Mutación , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , ARN Viral/genética , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ARN/genéticaRESUMEN
Con el propósito de conocer la prevalencia de alcoholismo en la población de 16 años o más, de ambos sexos, los autores estudiaron dicho universo en el área del Consultorio 18 del Wajay.Se utilizaron los instrumentos de pesquisaje CAGE, BMAST, CID y las 3 pregunta iniciales del SADS, así como encuestas sociodemográficas y de consumo. La fuente de información fue el sujeto explorado y se utilizaron además dos indirectas, representadas por un familiar y un miembro del Comité de Defensa de la Revolución (CDR) en su cuadra.El pesquisaje de alcoholismo exigió positividad al menos en dos cuestionarios y dos fuentes simultáneamente. Todos los casos con algún cuestionario positivos fueron estudiados clínicamente.La valoración integral arrojó 2,0 por ciento de dependencia alcohólica y 10,9 por ciento de consumo abusivo. La proporción entre hombres y mujeres alcohólicos (dependientes y abuso) fue de 18 a 1. Se evidenció una concordancia de 100 por ciento entre el instrumento de pesquisaje y los diagnósticos finales.Los resultados apoyan el criterio de que aún en las condiciones óptimas de trabajo del médico de familia, deben realizarse gestiones de pesquisajes sistemáticos para detectar a tiempo dichas afecciones y recomienda la aplicación de los cuestionarios antes mencionados(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Médicos de Familia , Encuestas de MorbilidadRESUMEN
Con el propósito de conocer la prevalencia de alcoholismo en la población de 16 años o más, de ambos sexos, los autores estudiaron dicho universo en el área del Consultorio 18 del Wajay.Se utilizaron los instrumentos de pesquisaje CAGE, BMAST, CID y las 3 pregunta iniciales del SADS, así como encuestas sociodemográficas y de consumo. La fuente de información fue el sujeto explorado y se utilizaron además dos indirectas, representadas por un familiar y un miembro del Comité de Defensa de la Revolución (CDR) en su cuadra.El pesquisaje de alcoholismo exigió positividad al menos en dos cuestionarios y dos fuentes simultáneamente. Todos los casos con algún cuestionario positivos fueron estudiados clínicamente.La valoración integral arrojó 2,0 por ciento de dependencia alcohólica y 10,9 por ciento de consumo abusivo. La proporción entre hombres y mujeres alcohólicos (dependientes y abuso) fue de 18 a 1. Se evidenció una concordancia de 100 por ciento entre el instrumento de pesquisaje y los diagnósticos finales.Los resultados apoyan el criterio de que aún en las condiciones óptimas de trabajo del médico de familia, deben realizarse gestiones de pesquisajes sistemáticos para detectar a tiempo dichas afecciones y recomienda la aplicación de los cuestionarios antes mencionados