RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that intake of yacon or some lactic acid bacteria was able to inhibit the development of diabetes mellitus, by reducing glucose and associated symptoms, for example, the lipid profile. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the consumption influence of a potential symbiotic product of soybean and yacon extract and fermented Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti 416 in reducing blood glucose and lipid levels in an animal model. METHODS: Diabetes mellitus was chemically induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The rats were divided into four groups (n=10): GI - non-diabetic animals that received only a standard chow diet (negative control), GII - diabetic animals that received only chow diet (positive control), GIII - diabetic animals that received the chow diet + 1 mL/kg body weight/day of soybean and yacon unfermented product, GIV - diabetic rats that received the chow diet + 1 mL/kg body weight/day of soybean and yacon fermented product. There was a seven-week treatment period and the following parameters were evaluated: animal body weight, food and water intake, blood glucose, enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides levels, total cholesterol, HDL-C, non-HDL-C. Cell viability of the fermented product was checked weekly for a seven-week period. RESULTS: The product average viable population was 10(8)-10(9) CFU/mL, by ensuring both the rods and cocci regular intake. No difference was observed between the water and feed intake and body weight of groups that received unfermented and fermented products and the untreated diabetic group. The same was observed for the blood glucose and AST and ALT activities, while some improvement was observed for a lipid profile, represented by reduction of triglycerides level by 15.07% and 33.50% in groups III and IV, respectively, and an increase of 23.70% in HDL-C level for group IV. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the ingestion of a potential symbiotic product was neither able to promote improvement in some of the disease symptoms, nor reduce blood glucose. However, a positive effect on triglycerides levels and HDL-cholesterol was observed in the groups that received the unfermented product containing yacon extract and the fermented product with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183, as well as Lactobacillus helveticus ssp jugurti 416 and yacon extract (symbiotic product).
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/dietoterapia , Lípidos/sangre , Simbióticos , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Enterococcus faecium , Fermentación , Lactobacillus helveticus , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Glycine maxRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous work showed that daily ingestion of an aqueous soy extract fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416, supplemented or not with isoflavones, reduced the total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels, increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration and inhibited the raising of autoantibody against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL Ab) and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiota in order to investigate the possible correlation between fecal microbiota, serum lipid parameters and atherosclerotic lesion development in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia, that ingested the aqueous soy extract fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416. METHODS: The rabbits were randomly allocated to five experimental groups (n = 6): control (C), hypercholesterolemic (H), hypercholesterolemic plus unfermented soy product (HUF), hypercholesterolemic plus fermented soy product (HF) and hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone-supplemented fermented soy product (HIF). Lipid parameters and microbiota composition were analyzed on days 0 and 60 of the treatment and the atherosclerotic lesions were quantified at the end of the experiment. The fecal microbiota was characterized by enumerating the Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteria and Clostridium spp. populations. RESULTS: After 60 days of the experiment, intake of the probiotic soy product was correlated with significant increases (P < 0.05) on Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Enterococcus spp. and a decrease in the Enterobacteria population. A strong correlation was observed between microbiota composition and lipid profile. Populations of Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were negatively correlated with total cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDL Ab) and lesion size. HDL-C levels were positively correlated with Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Enterococcus spp. populations. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, daily ingestion of the probiotic soy product, supplemented or not with isoflavones, may contribute to a beneficial balance of the fecal microbiota and this modulation is associated with an improved cholesterol profile and inhibition of atherosclerotic lesion development.
Asunto(s)
Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Heces/microbiología , Glycine max , Metagenoma/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Probióticos/farmacología , Animales , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Aorta/patología , Aterosclerosis/sangre , Aterosclerosis/etiología , Carga Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Colesterol/efectos adversos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Enterococcus faecium , Fermentación , Hipercolesterolemia/sangre , Hipercolesterolemia/inducido químicamente , Hipercolesterolemia/complicaciones , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , ConejosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether the consumption of soy product fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183, would modify the fecal microbiota of rats fed a diet containing red meat. The rats were placed in groups, distinguished by their diets. For 60 days, group I was given a standard casein-based rodent feed and groups II-VI, the beef-based feed. From the 30th day, groups III-VI also ingested the following products: group III, E. faecium-fermented soy product; group IV, pure suspension of E. faecium; group V, sterilized fermented soy product; and group VI, unfermented soy product. RESULTS: Rats that ingested fermented soy product showed a slight increase in the numbers of lactobacilli (0.45 log CFU g(-1)), as did the casein-based diet group (0.47 log CFU g(-1)). The fermented soy product did not cause any reduction in the number of enterobacteria or clostridia, but promoted a slight fall in the viable count of Bacteroides spp. (2.80 +/- 0.20 to 2.34 +/- 0.07 log CFU g(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the ingestion of this fermented soy product did not lead to significant changes in the fecal microbiota of the rats fed on a beef-based diet.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/microbiología , Dieta , Heces/microbiología , Microbiología de Alimentos , Carne , Leche de Soja/farmacología , Animales , Bacteroides/efectos de los fármacos , Caseínas , Bovinos , Clostridium/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecium , Fermentación , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in natural treatments to control dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soy yogurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and of dietary isoflavones on the lipid profile. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt, fermented with E. faecium CRL183, on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia. METHODS: Forty-eight rabbits were randomly assigned to eight groups fed on the following diets for 60 days: C - control; IY - isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt; H - hypercholesterolemic (1.0% cholesterol wt/wt diet); HY - hypercholesterolemic plus soy yogurt; HIY - hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt; HP - hypercholesterolemic plus placebo; HI - hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone and HE - hypercholesterolemic plus pure culture of E. faecium CRL 183. Serum lipids and autoantibodies against oxLDL (oxLDL Ab) were analyzed on days 0, 30 and 60 of the treatment and the atherosclerotic lesions were quantified at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: Soy yogurt, soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones and placebo promoted significant reductions in total cholesterol level (38.1%, 27.0% and 26.6%, respectively). Significant increases in serum HDL-C concentration relative to group H were detected in animals that ingested soy yogurt, with or without the isoflavone supplement (55.2%), E. faecium culture (43.3%) or placebo (35.8%). Intake of soy yogurt and soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones prevented the rise of oxLDL Ab during the study period. The extent of atherosclerosis in the thoracic and abdominal aortas was reduced in the HIY, HY and HP groups. However, when the whole aorta was analyzed, animals treated with soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones exhibited the greatest reduction (51.4%, P < 0.05) in atherosclerotic lesion area, compared to group H. CONCLUSION: Soy yogurt could be consumed as an alternative means of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving the lipid profile and inhibiting oxLDL Ab formation. Our findings also suggest that isoflavone supplementation may enhance the antiatherosclerotic effect of soy yogurt.