RESUMEN
Mast cells are large cells with granular cytoplasm that participate in wound healing, angiogenesis and defense against pathogens. They also contribute to inflammation by initiating innate and acquired immunity. The granules of these cells exhibit characteristic staining properties. We investigated toluidine blue, astra blue, Alcian blue-pyronin Y and May-Grunwald Giemsa stains for mast cells in various oral lesions and assessed the efficacy of each for identifying mast cells. Sections were obtained from 10 each of diagnosed cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, periapical cyst, mild dysplasia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma and stained using the stains listed above. Mast cells were assessed for their presence, contrast of the mast cell in the connective tissue background and number. We found that May-Grunwald Giemsa stain was the best for identification of mast cells, although toluidine blue staining is less time-consuming. Overall we obtained better results using May-Grunwald Giemsa and toluidine blue for staining mast cells.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Mastocitos/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Azul Alcián/farmacología , Recuento de Células/métodos , Colorantes/farmacología , Técnicas Histológicas/métodos , Humanos , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos , Cloruro de Tolonio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In the present study treatment of wastewater from a large dairy by using water hyacinth was studied in laboratory experiments. Effects of depth of the system, variations in area coverage, prior settling and of daily renewal of the plants was also studied on the efficacy of hyacinth in treating the dairy waste. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was found to grow exceptionally well in the waste (BOD 840.0 mg/L) and brought down the level of BOD from 840.0 to 121.0 mg/L; COD from 1,160.0 to 164.0 mg/L, total suspended solids from 359.0 mg/L to 245.0 mg/L, TDS from 848.0 mg/L to 352.0 mg/L, total nitrogen from 26.6 mg/L to 8.9 mg/L in 4 days. There was very little reduction, however in calcium, sodium and potassium concentration. Results of different experiments showed that systems with shallow depth were more efficient in removing dissolved solids, suspended solids, BOD, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus. Daily renewal of the plants led to slightly better reduction in suspended and dissolved solids, BOD, COD and nitrogen. Water hyacinth coverage was found to have a direct bearing on the treatment efficiency. Pretreatment (settling) of the waste was also found to be favourable as dissolved oxygen content increased rapidly in the experimental sets with pretreatment. Efficiency of removal of various parameters was also good in these sets. From the study it can be concluded that dairy waste can be effectively treated by water hyacinth. Consideration of above parameters and incorporating them in design factors can greatly increase the efficiency of the system.