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INTRODUCTION: Inguinal hernia management in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and comorbidities presents challenges due to potential impacts on wound healing and infection risk. This study evaluates the influence of additional comorbidities on outcomes following open inguinal hernia repair in DM patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Craiova Emergency Clinical County Hospital from 2015 to 2020. Patients with documented DM undergoing hernia repair were categorized into two groups based on comorbidity status. Data on presentation mode, hernia type, comorbidities, hospitalization, operative details, postoperative outcomes, and costs were collected and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Among 38 DM patients undergoing hernia repair, 16 were in Group A (DM alone) and 22 in Group B (DM with comorbidities). Group B patients were older (p = 0.0002) and more likely to present emergently (OR: 13.81, p=0.0148) with incarcerated (OR: 22.733, p=0.0339) or strangulated hernias (OR: 9.4545, p=0.0390). Group B had longer hospitalizations (p=0.00132) and higher hospitalization costs (p = 0.00262). CONCLUSIONS: DM patients with comorbidities are at higher risk for complex hernias and prolonged hospitalizations. Pulmonary fibrosis emerges as a significant comorbidity requiring specific perioperative strategies. Tailored preoperative assessments and care plans can optimize outcomes.

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Background: While ventral hernia repair is a frequent surgical intervention, the possibility of complications remains present. The use of drains to mitigate complications is a topic of debate, with conflicting evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the association between drain usage and postoperative complications in ventral hernia repair. Materials and Methods: A single-center prospective study included patients undergoing ventral hernia repair from 2018 to 2022. Patient data and surgical techniques were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to assess risk factors for drain insertion and complications. Results: Of the 216 patients included, 19.44% had diabetes, and 20% had cancer. Postoperative complications (Clavien Dindo grade IIIB) occurred in 9.3% of cases, resulting in a 3.7% mortality. Decision factors for drain insertion included older age, larger hernia size, bowel resection with anastomosis, emergency setting and the need for adhesiolysis. No differences were found between the two groups regarding seroma and hematoma formation and mesh infection. Patients with drains had a longer hospital stay and higher costs. Conclusion: The decision to use drains in ventral hernia repair was influenced by surgical complexity factors rather than patient characteristics. While drain usage did not correlate with postoperative morbidities, it was associated with longer hospitalization and higher costs. Individualized decision-making is crucial to balance complications and resource utilization in ventral hernia repair.

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Poor oral hygiene leads to the accumulation of dental plaque, thus contributing to the initiation of periodontal disease (PD). Local infections can lead to systemic inflammatory responses, which are essential mediators for the evolution of systemic conditions or cancer tumorigenesis. Often, patients hospitalized with life-threatening and incapacitating disorders such as gastric cancer (GC) might lose interest in keeping their mouth healthy. This study evaluates oral hygiene, periodontal status, and the need for oral care and medical personnel to assist in achieving it in patients hospitalized with GC. This study was carried out on 25 patients with a diagnosis of GC, divided into two groups (GP-14 patients from the Gastroenterology Department, and SP-11 patients from the 1st Department of Surgery). Patients were examined on the day of admission (T0), the day of the medical procedure of endoscopy or surgery (T1), and the day of discharge (T2), recording the number of absent teeth, dental plaque (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PPD), frequency of toothbrushing, and if the oral hygiene had been self-performed or assisted. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Our results showed that, in both the GP and the SP group, there were strong and statistically significant correlations between PI and BOP measured on the last day of hospitalization and the period of hospitalization after the medical procedure. Longer hospital stays and the presence of surgery were risk factors for changing toothbrushing frequency. Results also highlight the need for a dentist to diagnose and eventually treat periodontal disease before and after hospitalization, and for a trained nurse who should help take care of the patient's oral hygiene during hospitalization.

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BACKGROUND: Parahiatal hernias (PHHs) are rare occurring disease, with a reported incidence of 0.2%-0.35% in patients undergoing surgery for hiatal hernia. We found only a handful of cases of primary PHHs in the literature. The aim of this paper is to present a case of a primary PHH and perform a systematic review of the literature. CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a 60-year-old Caucasian woman with no history of thoraco-abdominal surgery or trauma, which accused epigastric pain, starting 2 years prior, pseudo-angina and bloating. Based on imagistic findings the patient was diagnosed with a PHH and an associated type I hiatal hernia. Patient underwent laparoscopic surgery and we found an opening in the diaphragm of 7 cm diameter, lateral to the left crus, through which 40%-50% of the stomach had herniated in the thorax, and a small sliding hiatal hernia with an anatomically intact hiatal orifice but slightly enlarged. We performed closure of the defect, suture hiatoplasty and a "floppy" Nissen fundoplication. Postoperative outcome was uneventful, with the patient discharged on the fifth postoperative day. We performed a review of the literature and identified eight articles regarding primary PHH. All data was compiled into one tabled and analyzed. CONCLUSION: Primary PHHs are rare entities, with similar clinical and imagistic findings with paraesophageal hernias. Treatment usually includes laparoscopic approach with closure of the defect and the esophageal hiatus should be dissected and analyzed. Postoperative outcome is favorable in all cases reviewed and no recurrence is cited in the literature.

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Large walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) is a well-known complication of severe acute pancreatitis, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This is the case report of a rare and potentially fatal complication of WON - a delayed splenic artery rupture close to its origin after surgical drainage. A 44-year old male patient admitted in our Surgical Department and diagnosed with WON evolving without infection for 6 months, after an episode of acute pancreatitis, underwent a Rouxen- Y WON-jejunostomy. In the 4th postoperative day patient presented melenic stools and a selective celiac trunk angiography was performed with the suspicion of a bleeding from the WON. At the initial injection of contrast a small leakage of contrast was observed but did not reappear despite repeated injection. The procedure was aborted, and the patient put under close observation. The 6th postoperative day bleeding re-occurred, and the angiography indicated a breach in the splenic artery. As the patient developed hemodynamic instability in the Radiology Department he was immediately transferred into the operating room and an exploratory laparotomy with suture of the splenic artery was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and at one-year follow-up was without any particular problems.

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