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The rate of the remodeling of the arterialized saphenous vein conduit limits the outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), which may be influenced by endothelial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that high stretch (HS) induces human saphenous vein endothelial cell (hSVEC) dysfunction and examined candidate underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that in vitro HS reduces NO bioavailability, increases inflammatory adhesion molecule expression (E-selectin and VCAM1) and THP-1 cell adhesion. HS decreases F-actin in hSVECs, but not in human arterial endothelial cells, and is accompanied by G-actin and cofilin's nuclear shuttling and increased reactive oxidative species (ROS). Pre-treatment with the broad-acting antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supported this observation and diminished stretch-induced actin remodeling and inflammatory adhesive molecule expression. Altogether, we provide evidence that increased oxidative stress and actin cytoskeleton remodeling play a role in HS-induced saphenous vein endothelial cell dysfunction, which may contribute to predisposing saphenous vein graft to failure.

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BACKGROUND: Suicidal hanging may cause compression of the neck blood vessels and the airway leading, to hypoxic brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia and respiratory distress. Hanging engenders global tissue hypoxia, particularly affecting the lungs as the result of pulmonary edema and barotrauma. There is scant evidence about outcomes of transplantation with the use of lungs from "hanging donors." This study evaluates the outcomes of lung transplantations (LTx) that use organs from this group. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed lung "organ offers" and LTx at our center between January 2007 and November 2013. The outcomes of LTx with lungs from donors with hanging as the cause of death ("hanging group") were compared with those with donors having other causes of death (control group), with the use of an unadjusted model as well as propensity score matching. RESULTS: LTx (n = 302) were performed during this period and were grouped on the basis of the cause of death in donors: the hanging group (n = 8) and the control group (n = 294). No statistically significant difference was found in the donor characteristics except for the incidence of cardiac arrest, which was significantly higher in hanging donors. Preoperative characteristics in recipients in both groups were comparable. Intra-operative and post-LTx variables including PaO2/FiO2 ratios, duration of mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit and hospital stays were comparable. One-year and 3-year survival rates were also comparable in both groups. Two recipients in the hanging group required extracorporeal life support after LTx and could not survive. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal hanging is a relatively rare cause of death for potential organ donors. Because it does not appear to negatively affect outcomes after LTx, it should not be considered per se a contraindication for lung donation. A word of caution is necessary until we gather larger experience with lungs from hanging donors.

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The Organ Care System (OCS) allows perfusion and ventilation of the donor lungs under physiological conditions. Ongoing trials to compare preservation with OCS Lung with standard cold storage do not include donor lungs with suboptimal gas exchange and donor lungs treated with OCS following cold storage transportation. We present a case of a 48-yr-old man who received such lungs after cold storage transportation treated with ex-vivo lung perfusion utilizing OCS.

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OBJECTIVES: The resin-bonded fixed partial dentures have gained immense popularity in recent years as they are more conservative, esthetic, economic and easily fabricated. However debonding is considered the most common cause of failure of resin bonded prosthesis. The objective of the study were to compare the effects of different groove lengths and thickness of retainers on retention of maxillary anterior base metal resin bonded retainers. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty five metal dies of maxillary central incisor duplicated from pure typhodont teeth (maxillary left central incisors) prepared to receive retainer for resin bonded fixed partial denture having different test designs were made. Five test groups were made with each group having five specimens. Two groups were having preparation depth of 0.5mm and retention groove lengths of 3mm and 5mm. Two groups had preparation depths of 0.3 and 0.7mm with no groove preparation with retainer thickness of 0.3 and 0.7mm respectively. Fifth group with no groove preparation and preparation depth of 0.5mm was kept as control for all the groups. All the specimens were cemented using calibra (Dentsply) resin cement. Each specimen was subjected to tensile loading in vertical direction on universal testing machine (Instron 5569) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. \ RESULTS: Groups with 5mm and 3mm groove length recorded higher mean vertical forces when compared to the group with no groove preparation. Group with 5mm groove length showed highest mean vertical forces. The group with 0.7mm retainer recorded higher mean vertical force values when compared to groups with 0.5mm and 0.3mm retainer thickness. Group with 0.3mm retainer thickness recorded the least mean vertical force value. CONCLUSION: Placement of the grooves increased the retention values almost 2 ½ times than the grooveless preparation and as the thickness of the retainers increased retention values also increased. Retention value was directly proportional to the groove length and retainer thickness. Key words:Groove length, retainer thickness, resin bonded bridges.

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OBJECTIVE: A review of literature for ocular prosthesis is presented along with a case report of a geriatric patient. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: The evolution of ocular prosthesis, materials and methods, fabrication techniques for custom and stock eye prosthesis, delivery and after care for the ocular prosthesis are reviewed. CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old female patient who had undergone enucleation of her right eye was restored with a stock ocular prosthesis. CONCLUSION: The use of stock ocular prosthesis of appropriate contour, size and colour can provide an acceptable aesthetic result.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The selection of appropriate teeth for complete denture occlusion is very important for long-term success, and adequate maintenance of the residual alveolar ridge. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the stress generated underneath the complete denture by altering the cuspal angulations of the denture teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A two-dimensional finite element model of a coronal section of maxillary and mandibular complete dentures, mucosa and alveolar bone in the first molar region was designed. The occlusal aspect of the denture teeth was altered to make 33 degrees , 20 degrees , 0 degrees cuspal angulation. All the nodes at the bases of maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone of finite element analysis models were restrained in all directions. A functional occlusal load of 50 N was applied through the mandibular model base. To design these models and to analyse them, EMRC's NISA II finite element analysis computer software was used. In these models, the elements were selected (a, b, c, d, e, f) in the region where it was necessary to determine the stresses generated in both the maxillary and mandibular portions. RESULTS: The results were interpreted as Von Mises stresses and were observed in pre-defined areas. The stress patterns observed within model with each type of posterior occlusion, showed unique variations as well as some similarities. CONCLUSION: Stresses of greater magnitude were observed in cuspal teeth, 33 degrees and 20 degrees respectively, where as 0 degrees teeth showed a slightly less magnitude of stress generated.

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The article presents the case of a patient who was practising Yoga (Kunjal kriya) which led to dental erosion. Dental erosion can be due to extrinsic or intrinsic causes. The intrinsic causes include vomiting due to anorexia nervosa, regurgitation due to abnormality in gastro-intestinal tract or rumination. A 38-year-old male patient presented with a rare aetiology of dental erosion. He had practiced kunjal kriya one of the yogic exercises described in ancient India. In kunjal kriya the patient vomits on an empty stomach in order to clean his or her gastro-intestinal tract. The patient had practiced this form of exercise for over 12 years which had led to severe dental erosion. A proper case history should be evaluated for every patient so that they can be counselled for any factors that could be detrimental to dental health. Early diagnosis is paramount in recognising the aetiology of dental erosion so that detrimental effects on the dentition can be prevented.

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Prosthetic rehabilitation of the midfacial defects has always perplexed maxillofacial prosthodontists. These midfacial defects lead to functional and cosmetic deficiencies. One of the causes of such defects is midline lethal granuloma, which is a destructive granulomatous lesion of uncertain aetiology, involving the nose, paranasal sinuses and the palate. Presented here is a clinical report of a 22-year-old male patient diagnosed to have lethal midline granuloma, who was referred to the Department of Prosthodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences Dharwad. The patient had a severe midfacial defect involving the nose, the paranasal sinuses, the palate and the soft tissues of the face. Although the lesion was not of the rapidly progressive type at the time of rehabilitation, the non-specific inflammatory process was persisting. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and palliative therapy. The primary objective of the prosthetic rehabilitation was to provide closure of the severe defect to protect the soft tissues from environmental exposure. Secondarily the prosthesis also provided acceptable aesthetics and psychological benefit to the patient.

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Partial or complete dentures are more commonly constructed for the elderly group of the population. Teeth debonding from the dentures can be frustrating to the patients as well as the dentist. Research has been carried out and is continuing to study the issue of bonding acrylic teeth to the denture base resin. The present review takes into account the majority of research papers published in the last five decades for determining the bond strength. Selection of more compatible combinations of denture base resins and acrylic teeth may reduce the number of prosthesis fractures and the resultant repairs.

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This study was undertaken to determine the distortion due to solidification shrinkage and to evaluate the flexure strength properties of soldered joints between combination of three commercially available base metal alloys and solders. Ninety rectangular bars were cast using three commercially available alloys for soldering (30 bars of each alloys). Ten bars of each alloy were soldered using electrical soldering unit and solder recommended by respective manufacturers, twenty bars (ten pairs each) were soldered using other solders. Length between the references markings on the specimen were measured using a vernier caliper and travelling microscope to check the possible solidification shrinkage. The specimens were then subjected to flexure strength evaluation using a universal testing machine. Statistical comparison of dimensional changes due to solidification shrinkage and flexure strength evaluation of soldered joints was done using analysis of variance test. Recommended Ni-Cr solders showed less shrinkage compared to that of the Co-Cr solders from the tested specimens and superior flexure strength was found in Co-Cr alloy specimen (P value P > .001) soldered with Co-Cr alloy solders.

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The intricate anatomy of the paranasal sinus unit (sinus/nasal cavities and ostia) and its relations to the orbit and anterior cranial fossa make accurate pre-operative evaluation of disease in this region mandatory before undertaking functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Plain radiography often fails to provide vital information in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis, especially of the ethmoid labyrinth, which is a key area of the paranasal sinus unit. Computerized tomography has significantly enhanced the scope of endoscopic sinus surgery by offering the surgeon hitherto inaccessible information regarding the sinus status. In this article, we review the pros and cons of the two imaging modalities, and present our experience fo 70 CT scans in patients of FESS. We also propose a surgical classification of CT findings. All in all, plain radiographs prove to be of little value for pre-operative assessment in FESS, while CT scans are an essential tool.

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A set of 1,021 patients who were investigated at our Department over the last few years was investigated in this study. Each patient underwent Cranio-Corpo-Graphy, and other related investigations. The patients' CCG's were quantified using a specially developed computer scanning method, and a computerized spreadsheet databank was thus created. Also included in the study were their clinical profiles, as charted using the NODEC III questionnaire. The isolation and comparison of various data subsets enables us to draw broad correlations between clinical and CCG findings, and permits us to establish 'normal values' for various parameters. It is seen that cranio-corpography is a reliable screening method for the topodiagnosis of vertigo.

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Two randomized studies to test the efficacy of a combination of Piracetam and Ergotoxin on the destabilized brainstem are reported. In the first study, a pharmacological model using Minocycline is employed. A follow-up clinical study analysed the effect of the preparation in 5 patients suffering from vertigo and other related complaints. It was seen that there was a significant improvement in the nystagmus profiles of the pharmacological model volunteers. Similarly, the patient group showed a marked improvement in symptoms, and in orientation capability as tested by Cranio-Corpo-Graphy.

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