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In a microbiological paper from 1986 to 1988 dealing with 76 children aged from 13 to 36 months in 8 crèches of a large town, it could be found that 24 of these children were susceptible to infections and it is established that there were 3-9 bacteria per child. The most important bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemolytic streptococci. But bacteria of the catarrhal group played a certain role, too. In 8 of these children dispositional factors and factors caused by exterior conditions of life (risk factors) could be shown, in 50% out of them a prolonged convalescence and in 50% after 4 weeks a reinfection after acute respiratory disease (ARD). The course of phases of ARD (initial phase, 2. and 4. week of convalescence) is introduced from microbiological view at all children. We point out the meaning of microbiological diagnostics with subsequent aiming sanitation by children susceptible to infections with risk factors.

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From 1986 to 1988 76 children, aged from 13 to 36 months, being in 8 créches of a large town were tested microbiologically in the phases: healthy (0), initial phase of acute respiratory disease (A), 2nd and 4th week of convalescence (R2, R4). It was possible to proof bacteria 253 times. 17 various kinds of bacteria were found. Bacteria of catarrhal group (30.8%) and streptococcus pneumoniae (28.4%) dominated among other bacteria. In phase 0 they were isolated in 24% of the children, in phase A in nearly 50%, in phase R2 and R4 in 21 and 14%, respectively in 26 and 25%. Most kinds of bacteria followed this trend. This was not the case with the virological and mycological results. 14 isolations of viruses with 10 various kinds and 30 viro-serological proofs of 8 various kinds did not reflect the actual situation with only 2 quadruple increases of titre during the disease. The detection rate of Candida albicans (24% in healthy) is situated in value expected. Conclusions are drawn.

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In 1986-1988 the indices of absence morbidity taken from monthly reports of crèches were registered in 8 crèches of Dresden and were compared with the real total morbidity, which had been registered with help of a symptom catalogue for one year. The total morbidity amounted to more than the double of absence morbidity, the total of the illness days per case amounted to 8.42 days and the days of absence morbidity amounted 7.3. The description of infection groups with help of quarters (according to Adam) on the basis of the registered total morbidity showed differences with regard to: average illness period per case (children susceptible to infections: 9.33 d; children robust to infections: 6.82 d) and average recurrence period (children susceptible to infections: 15.7 d; children robust to infections: 78.2 d). Probable causes of susceptibility to infections and conclusions hence to be drawn.

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The parameters of iron in blood and in serum were studied with 90 children aged from 13 to 36 months from eight crèches of a large city. The investigations were performed in state of health, in state of acute respiratory disease and until the fourth week of convalescence. In the acute state iron of serum, transferrine and saturation index of transferrine are situated outside the limits of the normal state. The initial values of the state of health were not reached yet in the fourth week of the convalescence.

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Changes and results of prophylactic and socialpediatric activities at a childrens hospital are represented. The advantages of cooperation between prophylactic and curative spheres are emphasized, they are useful for research and education of students. Decrees are prepared for arrangement of such departments in every university childrens hospital corresponding to the future pediatric development.

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The condition of the acute respiratory disease (ARD), conditions of exposure and disposition were found out with 245 and 83 children from 8 crèches of a large town and from two crèches of a little town. The children were from 6 to 36 months old. The prospective studies were performed independently of each other within a period of one year. Your problem circles were identical to a large extent. These are load factors in the perinatal period, time of stay in the crèche, shift work of the parents, kind of the adaptation phase during the first admission in the crèche. The employment of the linear function of discrimination found permits the general paediatrician to elaborate an additional information for the judgement of the possibility of attendance into the crèche in general and for the time of convalescence after ARD.

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The acute respiratory diseases (ARD) remain an individually and a socially relevant problem in crèches. Immunological processes are also important within the multifactoral genesis. The study presents normal values for intracutaneous tests of the recall-antigens "Tetamun" of the strengths II and III and Tuberculin "CPPD" (Dessau) for different age groups. Statements are made referring the behaviour of the test results at 265 probands of the mentioned age groups with attention to the sex differentiations, infections groups and the kinetics of the specific cellular immunity during the acute phase (A) of the ARD up to fourth week of convalescence. Conclusions are discussed.

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The lipoprotein profile during an acute respiratory disease (ARD) was determined in 75 children from 8 Dresden day-nurseries. At time "O" when the children are free of any ARD the serum concentrations of TG, TC, LDLC and Apo B are high whereas those of HDLC, Apo AI and Apo AII are age-related. The acute stage of an ARD is characterized by high levels of TG, Apo B and Apo AII and an decrease in TC, LDLC, HDLC and Apo AI. After 4 weeks of reconvalescence some of these disturbances persist.

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The frequency and the duration of acute respiratory disease (ARD) have been registered in 245 children aged from 6 to 36 months staying in 8 crèches of a large town during a period of one year. The exterior conditions of life were comprehended. From this material 10 risk factors were determined. By elaborating a score for prognosis it was possible to discriminate 2 groups of children. One part was susceptible, the other resistant to infections. This publication should be a contribution for answering the question for crèche fitness after getting over an ARD.

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The room climatic conditions in the near floor zone were measured in creches. The surface temperature of the floor during the heating season did not reach the desired range of 20 to 22 degrees C. 59% of the measured minimal values, 39% of the mean values, and 18% of the maximal ones were about 15 degrees C or even drastically lower. Of the air temperature in the near floor zone (at a level between 0.15 m and 0.50m) 31% of their minimal values at the level of 0.15 m and 27% of their minimal values at the level of 0.50 m values were below 16 degrees C. The investigations of the vertical temperature gradients during the heating season showed that only 9% of the values measured between 0.50 m and 1.50 m meet the required standard of 1 degree C temperature difference per meter. Conclusions are drawn and discussed.

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Basing on a visit in Prague the author gives actual information on selected problems, present positions, and further development of the health care and control of children and adolescents in the Czechoslovakia.

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For one year in 245 children, aged from 6 to 36 months staying in 8 crêches of a large town, frequency and duration of acute respiratory disease (ARD) were registered. The exterior conditions of life were comprehended. From this material 10 risk factors were determined. By elaborating a score for prognosis it was possible to discriminate 2 classes of children. One part was susceptible, the other resistent to infections. This publication shall be a contribution for answering the question for crêche fitness after getting over an ARD.

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