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1.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 38(10): 1324-7, 2014 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24781857

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as functional constipation (FC), functional abdominal pain (FAP), functional abdominal pain syndrome (FAPS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) between a large cohort of healthy obese/overweight children and normal-weight children. METHODS: Healthy children between the ages of 4 and 18 years were eligible for recruitment from the Yale Pediatric Primary Care clinic, Yale Adolescent clinic and a local private practice in Orange, CT, USA. Study subjects or their parents were interviewed using a questionnaire based on the ROME III standardized criteria for diagnosing functional gastrointestinal disorders. Medical records were reviewed to collect information about age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity and chronic medical conditions. Children were classified into obese, overweight and normal-weight based on their BMI for age and gender. Data were analyzed to compare the prevalence of FC, FAP, FAPS and IBS between obese/overweight children and normal-weight children. RESULTS: A total of 450 children (45% males) were recruited. There were 191 (42%) obese/overweight children and 259 (58%) normal-weight children. FAPS (odds ratio (OR) =2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-3.64, P=0.007), FC (OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.12-2.98, P=0.01), and IBS (OR=2.59, 95% CI: 1.40-4.79, P=0.003) were significantly more prevalent in the obese/overweight children than in the normal-weight children. Of the obese/overweight children, 47% had at least one functional gastrointestinal disorder compared with 27% of the normal-weight children (P⩽0.001). Only 36% of the children with functional gastrointestinal disorders sought medical attention for their symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Obese/overweight children have a higher prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders than normal-weight children. Almost half of the obese/overweight children had at least one functional gastrointestinal disorder.


Asunto(s)
Dolor Abdominal/epidemiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Dolor Abdominal/prevención & control , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/etiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/prevención & control , Humanos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos/epidemiología
2.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 33(5): 537-42, 2001 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11740225

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Long-term omeprazole therapy is associated with hypergastrinemia. In the antrum, gastrin secretion from G cells is inhibited in a paracrine manner by somatostatin secreted from D cells. Omeprazole may alter the ratio of G to D cells; however, there are limited data concerning such an effect in humans and none in children. The authors studied the effect of long-term omeprazole therapy on antral G- and D-cell numbers in children. METHODS: Six children received omeprazole for 4 to 7 years for erosive reflux esophagitis. Endoscopic antral biopsy specimens obtained at baseline and at 1, 4, and 7 years of omeprazole administration were immunostained to assess G and D cell numbers per antral gland. The G- and D-cell numbers were also assessed in an age-matched control group consisting of 24 healthy children from six different age groups. RESULTS: The mean G-cell number per unit area showed a significant increase at 4 years (85 +/- 5.7 years) and at 7 years (89 +/- 6.8 years) on omeprazole compared with baseline (56 +/- 4.8 years) ( P < 0.01). D-cell numbers did not change. The ratio of G to D cells increased progressively, and the change from baseline was significant at 7 years taking omeprazole ( P < 0.02). In the control group, G- and D-cell numbers did not differ significantly within the six age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term omeprazole therapy is associated with a significant increase in G-cell numbers and in the ratio of G to D cells in children. These changes reflect the effect of omeprazole because there was no change in these parameters in the age-matched control group.


Asunto(s)
Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Omeprazol/farmacología , Adolescente , Recuento de Células , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/citología , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Antro Pilórico/citología , Antro Pilórico/efectos de los fármacos , Antro Pilórico/metabolismo , Somatostatina/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo
3.
J Pediatr ; 139(3): 428-32, 2001 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11562624

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy, safety, and optimal dose of a laxative, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350, in children with chronic constipation. STUDY DESIGN: Children with chronic constipation (n = 24) were treated with PEG for 8 weeks at an initial dose of 1 g/kg/d. The dose was adjusted every 3 days as required to achieve 2 soft stools per day. A diary was kept to monitor dose, stool frequency and consistency, soiling, and other symptoms. Stool consistency was rated from 1 (hard) to 5 (watery). Subjects were examined for fecal retention. The Student t test and the Fisher exact test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: All 20 children who completed the study found PEG to be palatable and were satisfied with the treatment. There were no significant adverse effects. Weekly stool frequency increased from 2.3 +/- 0.4 to 16.9 +/- 1.6 (P <.0001) during treatment and stool consistency from 1.2 +/- 0.1 to 3.3 +/- 0.1 (P <.0001). In 9 children with soiling, weekly soiling events declined from 10.0 +/- 2.4 to 1.3 +/- 0.7 (P =.003). The mean effective dose was 0.84 g/kg/d (range, 0.27-1.42 g/kg/d). CONCLUSION: Daily administration of PEG at a mean dose of 0.8 g/kg is an effective, safe, and palatable treatment for constipation.


Asunto(s)
Catárticos/uso terapéutico , Encopresis/tratamiento farmacológico , Satisfacción del Paciente , Polietilenglicoles/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedad Crónica , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Defecación/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino
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