RESUMEN

In the majority of Latin-American countries, including Argentina, there is a limited availability of vaginal bioproducts containing probiotics in the market. In addition, the conventional treatments of genital tract infections in women represent a high cost to the public health systems. The future development of this type of bioproducts that employ specific lactobacilli strains would not only have a meaningful impact on women's health but would also represent a significant challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. The aims of the work described in this paper were (i) to study different pharmaceutical formulations of vaginal ovules containing Lactobacillus fermentum L23 and L. rhamnosus L60, to determine in which formulation lactobacilli viability was sustained for longer time and (ii) to evaluate if probiotic strains maintained both the antimicrobial activity and biofilm-producing ability after being recovered from the ovules. In this study, we developed and characterized three pharmaceutical formulations containing different glycerol amounts and specific lactobacilli strains. Three relevant parameters, cell viability, antimicrobial activity, and biofilm production, by lactobacilli recovered from the ovules were tested. Although the viability of L23 and L60 strains was mainly influenced by high ovule's glycerol proportion, they survived at 4 °C during the 180 days. Both lactobacilli's antimicrobial activity and biofilm-producing ability were maintained for all treatments. In conclusion, employing a much reduced number of components, we were able to select the most suitable pharmaceutical formulation which maintained not only lactobacilli viability for a long period of time but also their antimicrobial activity and biofilm-producing ability.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Lactobacillus/química , Vagina , Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Humanos , Lactobacillus/fisiología , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/química , Vagina/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection characterized by changes in the vaginal microbiota. The objective of this work was to evaluate the colonization ability and curative effect of Lactobacillus fermentum L23 after vaginal administration in female BALB/c mice infected with Gardnerella vaginalis. One dose of Lact. fermentum L23 containing 10(9 ) CFU ml(-1) was administered locally in a murine vaginal model. L23 colonized the vaginal tract of BALB-c mice after one inoculation. The infection by G. vaginalis in a murine model was induced by vaginal administration of a 1 × 10(6 ) CFU ml(-1) suspension. Infection with the pathogen was observed in the vaginal tract for 4 days. At 144 h after inoculation, levels of 4 log10 CFU ml(-1) were observed. The curative effect of L23 was evaluated with one administration at 1 × 10(9 ) CFU ml(-1) 72 h after the inoculation with G. vaginalis. Lactobacillus fermentum L23 inhibited the growth of G. vaginalis. The results of suppression of G. vaginalis using different concentrations of L23 were favourable due that these concentrations are normally used in commercial formulas. The obtained results indicate that Lact. fermentum L23 inhibited the growth of G. vaginalis. Therefore, L23 might be used as a potential biotherapeutic agent for the elimination of this bacterium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum L23 as a biotherapeutic agent can be expected to prevent and treat genital infections, particularly recurrent bacterial vaginosis, with similar concentrations to those normally used in commercial formulas. It is likely that the use of this probiotic strain for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis will provide a natural and nontoxic treatment modality.

Asunto(s)

Gardnerella vaginalis , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/terapia , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/fisiología , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Vaginosis Bacteriana/terapia , Animales , Antibiosis , Agentes de Control Biológico , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

The lactobacilli probiotics maintain a normal vaginal biota and prevent disease recurrence. This microorganisms form a pellicle on the vaginal epithelium that acts as a biologic barrier against colonization by pathogenic bacteria. In this paper were realized assays of exclusion, competition, and displacement. For these test, vaginal epithelial cells, two strains of lactobacilli and pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Listeria monocytogenes) were used. The lactobacilli strains showed a great capacity of adherence, with a mean of 83.5 ± 26.67 Lactobacillus fermentum cells and 56.2 ± 20.87 Lactobacillus rhamnosus cells per vaginal epithelial cells. L. fermentum and L. rhamnosus were able to reduce the adherence of S. aureus, S. agalactiae and L. monocytogenes in a significant level in this assay (P < 0.01). The lactobacilli used in this study protect the vaginal epithelium through a series of barriers and interference mechanisms. The aim of present study was to assess the ability of vaginal Lactobacillus strains, selected for their probiotic properties, to block the adherence of pathogenic microorganisms in vitro by displacement, competition, and exclusion mechanisms.

Asunto(s)

Antibiosis , Adhesión Bacteriana , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Bacterias Grampositivas/fisiología , Probióticos , Femenino , Humanos

RESUMEN

Brewing industry by-products are important animal feedstuff alternatives for local swine producers in Córdoba, Argentina. The high content of nutrients makes these by-products vulnerable to bacterial and fungal contamination. The objectives of the present study were (1) to determine the presence of Aspergillus section Flavi in brewer's grain used to feed pigs and (2) to evaluate the incidence of aflatoxin B(1) in the substrate. Total fungal count of most samples exceeded the levels proposed as feed quality limits, and most Aspergillus section Flavi strains found were able to produce high amounts of AFB(1) in vitro. However, the incidence of AFB(1) was low. The presence of contamination by aflatoxicogenic species in feedstuff might affect the productivity of swine producers and indirectly represents a public health issue.

Asunto(s)

Aflatoxina B1/análisis , Aspergillus flavus/aislamiento & purificación , Grano Comestible/química , Análisis de los Alimentos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Animales , Argentina , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Porcinos

RESUMEN

El objetivo de esta investigaci¨®n fue identificar en la adolescente prim¨ªpara y su hijo un eventual patr¨®n de riesgo, considerando las caracter¨ªsticas de atenci¨®n m¨¦dica integral que recibe esta poblaci¨®n en el pa¨ªs. Se realiz¨® un estudio transversal y retrospectivo, de tipo casos y controles, integrado por una muestra de 207 unidades de an¨¢lisis (69 casos y 138 controles), de 1 290 embarazadas en total. Entre las variables evaluadas figuraron: abortos provocados previos (¡Ü 2); afecciones diagnosticadas, asociadas con el embarazo; eventos dependientes de la gestaci¨®n y otras. En el an¨¢lisis estad¨ªstico se aplic¨® la raz¨®n de productos cruzados (RPC) u odds ratio (OR), con un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95 %, as¨ª como la prueba de Ji al cuadrado, con p = 0,05 o menor. Las variables de asociaci¨®n significativa y car¨¢cter causal fueron: anemias deficitarias en segundo y tercer trimestres, infecci¨®n genital en primer trimestre y amenaza de parto pret¨¦rmino, en tanto los abortos (¡Ü 2) y las enfermedades del feto mostraron significaci¨®n en sus asociaciones y car¨¢cter protector. Se identific¨® un patr¨®n de riesgo de limitada complejidad para su manejo, con amplias opciones de modificaci¨®n antes y despu¨¦s de la concepci¨®n y sin impacto negativo sobre la mortalidad maternoperinatal(AU)

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The objective of this research was to identify a possible risk pattern in the primiparous adolescent and her child, taking into account the characteristics of comprehensive health care that this population receives in the country. A cross-sectional and retrospective case-control study was conducted in a sample of 207 analysis units (69 cases and 138 controls), of 1 290 pregnant women in total. Among the evaluated variables were earlier induced abortions (¡À 2); diagnosed conditions associated with pregnancy; pregnancy-dependent events and others. In the statistical analysis the odds ratio (OR) was used with a 95 % confidence interval (CI), as well as the chi-square test with p = 0,05 or lower. Variables of significant association and causal character were deficiency anemia in second and third trimesters, genital infection in first trimester and preterm labor, while abortions (¡À 2) and fetal diseases showed significance in their associations and protective character. A risk pattern of limited complexity for its use was identified, with extensive modification options before and after conception, and without negative impact on maternal perinatal mortality(AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adolescente , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Paridad , Embarazo de Alto Riesgo , Riesgo , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Retrospectivos

RESUMEN

The purpose of the present study was to determine the inhibitory activities of two bacteriocins, produced by lactobacilli, against genital mycoplasmas. In this study, infections produced by genital mycoplasmas were studied; of these, 1.3% were caused by Mycoplasma hominis, 10.7% by Ureaplasma urealyticum and 5.6% by U. urealyticum + M. hominis. U. urealyticum was isolated from 75 out of 123 patients with genital mycoplasmas, while M. hominis was isolated from 9 patients (7.3%) and both U. urealyticum and M. hominis from 39 patients (31.7%). Bacteriocins, L23 and L60, produced by Lactobacillus fermentum and L. rhamnosus, respectively, appear to be two novel inhibitors of bacterial infection with potential antibacterial activity. Both bacteriocins proved to be active against 100% of strains tested; MICs of bacteriocin L23 ranged between 320 and 160 UA ml(-1) for 78% of the M. hominis strains and between 320 and 80 UA ml(-1) for 95% of the U. urealyticum strains. In addition, bacteriocin L60 was still active at 160 UA ml(-1) for a high percentage (56%) of M. hominis strains, and at 80 UA ml(-1) for 53% of the U. urealyticum strains. Interestingly, these antimicrobial substances produced by lactobacilli showed an inhibitory activity against genital mycoplasmas even when diluted. Altogether, our study indicates that the bacteriocins, L23 and L60, are good candidates for the treatment or prevention of genital infections in women.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacteriocinas/farmacología , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Mycoplasma hominis/efectos de los fármacos , Ureaplasma urealyticum/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Bacteriocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/microbiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/microbiología , Mycoplasma hominis/genética , Mycoplasma hominis/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/microbiología , Ureaplasma urealyticum/genética , Ureaplasma urealyticum/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

Staphylococcus aureus is the major pathogen causing intramammary infections in dairy cattle worldwide. Among the factors that contribute to its spread and infectious potential is the ability to overcome the mechanisms of antimicrobials activity. The present work investigated the antimicrobial resistance pattern and sensibility to bacteriocins produced by strains of Lactobacillus spp of 30 isolates of S. aureus from mastitis. From this, 29 are beta-lactamase producers. Eight isolates (26.6 percent) showed resistance to at least four antibiotics being considered multiresistent. All of them were mecA-positive. Otherwise, all isolates tested showed sensibility to at least one of the four bacteriocin producer strains. Due to the significant depletion of the efficacy of antimicrobials, pathogen growth inhibition by bacteriocins seems an alternative of biological control in infectious processes.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Bacteriocinas/análisis , Lactobacillus , Mastitis Bovina/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus aureus

RESUMEN

Staphylococcus aureus is the major pathogen causing intramammary infections in dairy cattle worldwide. Among the factors that contribute to its spread and infectious potential is the ability to overcome the mechanisms of antimicrobials activity. The present work investigated the antimicrobial resistance pattern and sensibility to bacteriocins produced by strains of Lactobacillus spp of 30 isolates of S. aureus from mastitis. From this, 29 are beta-lactamase producers. Eight isolates (26.6 percent) showed resistance to at least four antibiotics being considered multiresistent. All of them were mecA-positive. Otherwise, all isolates tested showed sensibility to at least one of the four bacteriocin producer strains. Due to the significant depletion of the efficacy of antimicrobials, pathogen growth inhibition by bacteriocins seems an alternative of biological control in infectious processes.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Staphylococcus aureus , Mastitis Bovina/diagnóstico , Lactobacillus , Bacteriocinas/análisis

RESUMEN

The theoretical calculation about the dependence of the ionic current density across the cellular membrane on the intensity of the magnetic field applied to cellular tissue is presented. This interaction induces changes in the magnitude of the ionic current density across the cellular membrane and in the ionic concentration, and it also causes alterations in the osmotic pressure and in the capacity of the cellular tissues to absorb water. The magnetic field dependence of the ionic current densities J(p) (B) (positive ions) and J(n) (B) (negative ions), the membrane conductivity sigma (B), the ionic concentration in both membrane sides c(B), the osmotic pressure pi (B), and the water uptake rate by seeds k(w) (B) are presented. The increase in water uptake rate due to the applied magnetic field may be the explanation of the recently reported increase in the germination speed of the seeds treated with stationary magnetic fields.

Asunto(s)

Magnetismo , Semillas/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Germinación , Canales Iónicos/metabolismo , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lactuca/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Presión Osmótica , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo

RESUMEN

An experimental study on water absorption by lettuce seeds previously treated in a stationary magnetic field of 0-10 mT is presented. A significant increase in the rate with which the seeds absorb water is observed in the interval 0-10 mT of magnetic treatment. An increment in the total mass of absorbed water in this interval is also observed. These results are consistent with the reports on the increase of germination rate of the seeds, and the theoretical calculation of the variations induced by magnetic fields in the ionic currents across the cellular membrane. The fields originate in changes in the ionic concentration and thus in the osmotic pressure which regulates the entrance of water to the seeds. The good correlation between the theoretical approach and experimental results provides strong evidence that the magnetic field alters the water relations in seeds, and this effect may be the explanation of the reported alterations in germination rate of seeds by the magnetic field.

Asunto(s)

Magnetismo , Semillas/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Germinación , Canales Iónicos/metabolismo , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lactuca/metabolismo , Presión Osmótica , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Recently, the use of ureter for bladder augmentation has gained wide acceptance due to a lower complication rate compared to gastrointestinal segments. Unfortunately, the presence of a severely dilated urinary tract implicates loss of function of a renal unit which is often not demonstrated at diagnosis. Conversely, many patients present with 1 or both ureters mildly dilated because of vesicoureteral reflux or functional obstruction. In these cases the use of a single distal ureter seems to be a good option. We report our experience and long-term followup with this subset of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 1994 and November 1998, 17 females and 5 males 1.5 to 15.7 years old (mean age 7.2) with a low capacity, poorly compliant bladder underwent ureterocystoplasty with a single distal dilated ureter. Diagnosis included myelomeningocele in 13 cases, central neurogenic bladder in 3, neurogenic nonneurogenic bladder in 2, congenital spinal cord injury in 2, sacral agenesis in 1 and giant sacral teratoma in 1. All but 2 patients complained of recurrent febrile urinary tract infections. Variable degrees of hydronephrosis were observed in all patients. Vesicoureteral reflux was detected in 14 patients and was bilateral in 3. Five patients presented with chronic renal failure. Before surgery 19 patients were on clean intermittent catheterization and prophylactic antibiotics. The segments of ureter used for augmentation ranged from 9 to 14 cm. long (mean 11) and from 0.8 to 2.5 cm. in diameter (mean 1.3). The more distal piece of the ureter was kept unopened to preserve vascular supply. Simultaneous procedures included transureteroureterostomy in all 22 patients, appendicovesicostomy in 10, bladder neck continence procedures in 4 and ureteroneocystostomy in 3. Clinical, radiological and urodynamic evaluation was done 6 months postoperatively and yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Followup ranged from 12 to 60 months (mean 22). Of the patients 19 are dry on clean intermittent catheterization at 4-hour intervals and 6 have had 9 symptomatic urinary tract infections. Hydronephrosis resolved in 14 patients, improved in 6 and remained unchanged in 2. On urodynamics median increase in capacity less than 30 cm. pressure was 177% (range 11% to 560%). When comparing capacity less than 30 cm. water to normal expected capacity for age and weight, 50% of the cases reached or exceeded theoretical capacity while the rest reached 63% to 89% (mean 76%). Long-term complications included persistent reflux in 1 case, deterioration of bladder function without clinical impairment in 1 and spontaneous perforation of the ureteral patch in 1 requiring colocystoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Although increase in bladder capacity is not always optimal with the use of a distal dilated ureter, it is good enough to ensure a good clinical outcome and allow an adequate catheterization interval with a low complication rate in the long term, thus avoiding use of a piece of gut or stomach to perform bladder augmentation in nearly all patients.

Asunto(s)

Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Uréter/trasplante , Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Urodinámica

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess urodynamic studies of children with nonrefluxing pyelonephritis, investigate the possible connection between renal damage (as approximately 40% of children with febrile urinary tract infections and no evidence of vesico-ureteric reflux have irreversible renal cortical scarring) and lower urinary tract dysfunction, to test the hypothesis that bladders with high storage and voiding pressures may be the cause of renal damage in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical records and urodynamic studies of 52 children (46 girls and six boys, mean age 6.6 years) with febrile urinary infections, no evidence of reflux and photopenic areas on renal scintigraphy were evaluated retrospectively. Each child was evaluated by urinary ultrasonography, a voiding cystogram, 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and urodynamic studies. The storage phase of the urodynamic study was divided into two equal segments to consider the filling variables of each. During the emptying phase, voiding pressures and voiding pressures with reference to peak detrusor contraction were evaluated. RESULTS: Despite no child having reflux, the DMSA scans showed bilateral renal scarring in 39 (75%) and unilateral scarring in the remaining children. Forty-eight (93%) children had abnormal urodynamic values: high filling pressures (34), high-pressure uninhibited contractions (32), high voiding pressures (31) and discoordinated voiding (28). The cystometric bladder capacity was lower than the expected bladder capacity (- 75 mL) in 82% of the patients; in only four patients were the urodynamics considered normal. CONCLUSIONS: Most children with renal scarring and no reflux had lower urinary tract dysfunction. Common findings include high storage and voiding pressures, and discoordinated voiding. These findings suggest that abnormal bladder dynamics play a role in the development of renal scars that occur in the absence of reflux.

Asunto(s)

Pielonefritis/etiología , Vejiga Urinaria/fisiología , Urodinámica , Niño , Cicatriz , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Presión , Pielonefritis/patología , Pielonefritis/fisiopatología , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infecciones Urinarias/complicaciones , Infecciones Urinarias/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

Antimicrobial sensitivity was evaluated from 120 strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), isolated from urinary infections. The isolated species were identified by conventional methods and sensitivity to vancomycin, tetracyclin, norfloxacin, cephalothin erythromycin, clindamycin, oxacillin, penicillin, cyprofloxacin, ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam was tested by the agar dilution technique and the diffusion in disc technique. The distribution of the species was: Staphylococcus epidermidis 26 (21.6%), S. haemolyticus 48 (40.0%), S. saprophyticus 40 (33.4%) and S. simulans 6 (5%). CoNS strains extracted from urinary infections showed a high percentage of vancomycin and tetracyclin sensitivity, and a low sensitivity to beta-lactamic antibiotics, except ampicillin/sulbactam and cephalotin. Isolation percentage resistance to oxacillin was less than 48%. Strains resistant to oxacillin were considered as resistant to both penicillin and ampicillin. From 42% to 80% of S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. simulans were positive to the adherence test. Results from this work showed that slime producing CoNS strains, isolated in Río Cuarto Hospital, had different percentages of resistance to the studied antimicrobial agents.

Asunto(s)

Adhesión Bacteriana , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Argentina/epidemiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Glicocálix/metabolismo , Humanos , Especificidad de la Especie , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus/fisiología , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus epidermidis/fisiología , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/fisiología , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología

RESUMEN

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a group of transmittable diseases acquired fundamentally through sexual contact. STD are a social problem resulting from demographic explosion and changes in sexual conduct, which affects teenagers and adults of all socioeconomic strata. The goal of this work was to establish the actual state of the different STD within the studied population. Samples of vaginal fluids, endocervical materials and urethral exudates taken from 2,630 patients during five years were processed. 1,341 samples tested positive to one or more of the microorganisms, 1,099 corresponding to female patients and 242 to male patients. The microorganisms found in women were: Gardnerella vaginalis (39.1%), Candida albicans (21.3%), Trichomonas vaginalis (16.8%), Chlamydia trachomatis (11.5%); Neisseria gonorrhoeae (3.4%), Mycoplasma hominis (2.6%); Ureaplasma urealyticum (4.1%) and Treponema pallidum (1.6%). Associations were: Gardnerella vaginalis with Trichomonas vaginalis (6%), Gardnerella vaginalis with Candida albicans (5.1%); Trichomonas vaginalis with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2.2%) and Gardnerella vaginalis with Chlamydia trachomatis (2.1%). In men, gonococcic urethritis represented 37.8%, non-gonococcic urethritis 55.4% and Treponema pallidum 6.8%. A decrease in syphilis, gonococcic urethritis and gonococcic cervicitis was observed, increasing the prevalence of non-gonococcic urethritis and cervicitis. This study showed that in our environment the actual tendency of STD is still high.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiología , Líquidos Corporales/microbiología , Líquidos Corporales/parasitología , Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Cuello del Útero/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica/epidemiología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/microbiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/parasitología , Enfermedades Bacterianas de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Bacterianas de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades Bacterianas de Transmisión Sexual/microbiología , Sífilis/epidemiología , Tricomoniasis/epidemiología , Uretra/microbiología , Vagina/microbiología , Vagina/parasitología

RESUMEN

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la evolución de un grupo de pacientes con vejigas de baja capacidas y mala acomodación a los que se les realizó ureterocistoplastia con un segmento de uréter distal.En un período de 15 meses se efectuaron 10 ureterocistoplastias en pacientes con vejigas de riesgo.El diagnóstico fue mielomeningocele en 5 pacientes,síndrome de Hinmann en 3 y vejiga neurogénica de causa central en 3.Seis pacientes tenían reflujo vesicoureteral y todos hidronefrosis.Los segmentos ureterales utilizados para la ampliación median entre 10 y 12 cms de longitud y 0,8 a 1.5 cms de diámetro.En todos se realizó transuretero-uretero anastomosis y en uno se reimplanto el uréter común.El mitrofanoff fue empleado en 9 casos.Los pacientes fueron reevaluados a los 6 mesescon estudios de función renal,ecografía,cistouretrografía y urodinamia.El período de seguimiento osciló entre 6 y 21 meses(media 15)El número de infecciones urinarias sintomáticas se redujo en todos los casos.Los pacientes con IRC mejoraron sus parámetros de laboratorio.La ecografía demostró reducción de la hidronefrosis en todos los pacientes.En la evolución urodinámica se comprobó un aumento promedio de la capacidad de 98 por ciento,y un incremento de la capacidad funcional a presiones seguras de 100 a 471 por ciento(media 214 por ciento)sólo un paciente presentó deterioro de la función vesical con reducción de la capacidad luego de la cirugía.Cuando se comparó la capacidad a presión menor de 30 cms con la capacidad teórica en relación a la edad,se comprobó que sólo el 50 por ciento de los pacientes alcanzaron ésta última.En el resto de los casos se llegó a un promedio del 70 por ciento de la capacidad teórica.El volumen que representa el segmento de uréter distal es mínimo,sin embargo produce una significativa reducción de las presiones y un aumento de la capacidada presiones seguras.Probablemente la utilización de procedimientos simultáneos como la apendicovesicostomía influyó decisivamente en la mejoría de los cambios producidos por la vejigas de riesgo

Asunto(s)

Niño , Uréter/cirugía , Vejiga Urinaria , Pediatría

RESUMEN

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la evolución de un grupo de pacientes con vejigas de baja capacidas y mala acomodación a los que se les realizó ureterocistoplastia con un segmento de uréter distal.En un período de 15 meses se efectuaron 10 ureterocistoplastias en pacientes con vejigas de riesgo.El diagnóstico fue mielomeningocele en 5 pacientes,síndrome de Hinmann en 3 y vejiga neurogénica de causa central en 3.Seis pacientes tenían reflujo vesicoureteral y todos hidronefrosis.Los segmentos ureterales utilizados para la ampliación median entre 10 y 12 cms de longitud y 0,8 a 1.5 cms de diámetro.En todos se realizó transuretero-uretero anastomosis y en uno se reimplanto el uréter común.El mitrofanoff fue empleado en 9 casos.Los pacientes fueron reevaluados a los 6 mesescon estudios de función renal,ecografía,cistouretrografía y urodinamia.El período de seguimiento osciló entre 6 y 21 meses(media 15)El número de infecciones urinarias sintomáticas se redujo en todos los casos.Los pacientes con IRC mejoraron sus parámetros de laboratorio.La ecografía demostró reducción de la hidronefrosis en todos los pacientes.En la evolución urodinámica se comprobó un aumento promedio de la capacidad de 98 por ciento,y un incremento de la capacidad funcional a presiones seguras de 100 a 471 por ciento(media 214 por ciento)sólo un paciente presentó deterioro de la función vesical con reducción de la capacidad luego de la cirugía.Cuando se comparó la capacidad a presión menor de 30 cms con la capacidad teórica en relación a la edad,se comprobó que sólo el 50 por ciento de los pacientes alcanzaron ésta última.En el resto de los casos se llegó a un promedio del 70 por ciento de la capacidad teórica.El volumen que representa el segmento de uréter distal es mínimo,sin embargo produce una significativa reducción de las presiones y un aumento de la capacidada presiones seguras.Probablemente la utilización de procedimientos simultáneos como la apendicovesicostomía influyó decisivamente en la mejoría de los cambios producidos por la vejigas de riesgo

Asunto(s)

Niño , Uréter/cirugía , Vejiga Urinaria , Pediatría

RESUMEN

Chalamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum y Mycoplasma hominis son microorganismos responsables de infecciones urogenitales. Son aislados con considerable frecuencia del tracto genital femenino. En este trabajo se estudiaron 100 exudados vaginales de mujeres promiscuas que concurrieron a la división de Bacteriología del Hospital Central de Río Cuarto. En todas las muestras se investigó la presencia de C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, M. hominis. La prevalencia hallada fue: C. trachomatis 17 por ciento; U. urealyticum 57 por ciento; M. hominis 21 por ciento y Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2 por ciento. Las asociaciones más frecuentes fueron: C. trachomatis-Trichomonas vaginalis, micoplasmas-T. vaginalis y Gardnerella vaginalis-Candida albicans con un 18 por ciento, 15 por ciento y 8 por ciento respectivamente (AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/epidemiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/complicaciones , Infecciones por Chlamydia/transmisión , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/complicaciones , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/transmisión , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/complicaciones , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/transmisión , Mycoplasma hominis/aislamiento & purificación , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Ureaplasma urealyticum/aislamiento & purificación , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/etiología

RESUMEN

Chalamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum y Mycoplasma hominis son microorganismos responsables de infecciones urogenitales. Son aislados con considerable frecuencia del tracto genital femenino. En este trabajo se estudiaron 100 exudados vaginales de mujeres promiscuas que concurrieron a la división de Bacteriología del Hospital Central de Río Cuarto. En todas las muestras se investigó la presencia de C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, M. hominis. La prevalencia hallada fue: C. trachomatis 17 por ciento; U. urealyticum 57 por ciento; M. hominis 21 por ciento y Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2 por ciento. Las asociaciones más frecuentes fueron: C. trachomatis-Trichomonas vaginalis, micoplasmas-T. vaginalis y Gardnerella vaginalis-Candida albicans con un 18 por ciento, 15 por ciento y 8 por ciento respectivamente

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/epidemiología , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/epidemiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/complicaciones , Infecciones por Chlamydia/transmisión , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Mycoplasma hominis/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/complicaciones , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/transmisión , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/etiología , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/complicaciones , Infecciones por Ureaplasma/transmisión , Ureaplasma urealyticum/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

The present study compared Argentine (N = 39) and U.S. (N = 43) children and their mothers on exploratory, symbolic, and social play and interaction when children were 20 months of age. Patterns of cultural similarity and difference emerged. In both cultures, boys engaged in more exploratory play than girls, and girls engaged in more symbolic play than boys; mothers of boys engaged in more exploratory play than mothers of girls, and mothers of girls engaged in more symbolic play than mothers of boys. Moreover, in both cultures, individual variation in children's exploratory and symbolic play was specifically associated with individual variation in mothers' exploratory and symbolic play, respectively. Between cultures, U.S. children and their mothers engaged in more exploratory play, whereas Argentine children and their mothers engaged in more symbolic play. Moreover, Argentine mothers exceeded U.S. mothers in social play and verbal praise of their children. During an early period of mental and social growth, general developmental processes in play may be pervasive, but dyadic and cultural structures are apparently specific. Overall, Argentine and U.S. dyads utilized different modes of exploration, representation, and interaction--emphasizing "other-directed" acts of pretense versus "functional" and "combinatorial" exploration, for example--and these individual and dyadic allocentric versus idiocentric stresses accord with larger cultural concerns of collectivism versus individualism in the two societies.

Asunto(s)

Comparación Transcultural , Conducta del Lactante/etnología , Relaciones Madre-Hijo/etnología , Juego e Implementos de Juego/psicología , Conducta Social , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Argentina , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Desarrollo Infantil , Crianza del Niño/etnología , Conducta Cooperativa , Conducta Exploratoria , Salud de la Familia/etnología , Fantasía , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Conducta Materna , Factores Sexuales , Socialización , Simbolismo , Estados Unidos

RESUMEN

The objective of this work was to contribute local data concerning the full adult height of women in Cordoba, Argentina, and to explore the possibility of a secular trend in their heights. For the study, 513 women were examined during May and June 1994. All of the women were between 18 and 40 years of age and were mothers of children who were included in a study on lactation, feeding, growth, and development in Córdoba. The measurements were carried out applying standardized techniques and using as a reference standard the 50th-percentile level data from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. The mean full height of the Córdoba population studied was 157.9 cm, 0.97 standard deviation (SD) below the reference norm. For the women from the highest of six socioeconomic strata, the mean height was 159.7 cm (-0.67 SD); the mean for women from the lowest stratum was 156.2 cm (-1.25 SD). The difference in the means of those two socioeconomic groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Of the population studied, 2.3% (6.4% of the lowest social stratum) were shorter than 145 cm. In order to explore the possibility of a secular trend, the resulting data were categorized into two groups according to the mother's age at the time of the anthropometric examination, one group with a mean age of 24 and a second group with a mean age of 34. The younger women had a mean adult height 0.4 cm greater than that of the older women (P = 0.47). This secular increase in height is notably smaller than that reported for other Argentine provinces (1.2 and 1.4 cm/decade) and somewhat lower than the average reported in population studies in Australia, Belgium, the United States, Japan, and Norway (0.6 cm/decade). The authors conclude that in the period analyzed, 1978-1988, the living conditions in the city of Córdoba have not improved in a way that is reflected in a significant increase in the height of adult women. The authors recommend that maternal health and nutrition programs concentrate their resources on the mothers from the lowest socioeconomic stratum who are shorter than 145 cm.

Asunto(s)

Estatura , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Crecimiento , Humanos , Japón , Estado Nutricional , Estándares de Referencia , Clase Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estados Unidos