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BACKGROUND: Skin ageing is caused by numerous factors that result in structural and functional changes in cutaneous components. Research has shown that senescent cells are known to accumulate in skin ageing, however, the role of senescent cells in skin ageing has not been defined. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the role of the senescent cell in skin ageing, we evaluated the effect of known senolytic drugs on senescent dermal fibroblasts. METHODS: Primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were induced to senescence by long-term passaging, UV irradiation, and H2 O2 treatment. Cell viability was measured after treatment of ABT-263 and ABT-737 on HDFs. Young and aged hairless mice were intradermally injected with drugs or vehicle on the dorsal skin for 10 days. Skin specimens were obtained and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, western blotting, and histological analysis were performed. RESULTS: We found that ABT-263 and ABT-737 induced selective clearance of senescent dermal fibroblasts, regardless of the method of senescence induction. Aged mouse skin treated with ABT-263 or ABT-737 showed increased collagen density, epidermal thickness, and proliferation of keratinocytes, as well as decreased senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, such as MMP-1 and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results indicate that selective clearance of senescent skin cells can attenuate and improve skin ageing phenotypes and that senolytic drugs may be of potential use as new therapeutic agents for treating ageing of the skin.
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Senoterapéuticos , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Animales , Senescencia Celular/genética , Senescencia Celular/efectos de la radiación , Fibroblastos , Humanos , Ratones , Piel/patologíaRESUMEN
Femtosecond laser-induced spatial redistribution of silver species (ions, clusters, and hole centers) in a silver-containing phosphate glass is investigated by correlative means of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) images, numerical simulations, chemical micro-probe analysis, and nanoscale spatial profiles after soft etching. In particular, we found that the chemical etching selectivity for nanoscale patterning is strongly dependent upon the irradiation of femtosecond laser due to the spatial redistribution of silver species within the affected area. These results strongly indicate that controlling the distribution of silver species by femtosecond laser irradiation may open new routes for surface nanoscale chemical and/or spatial patterning for the fabrication of 2D surface photonic crystals.
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A 7-year-old male cavalier King Charles spaniel was presented with a cervical subcutaneous mass. The mass had a multilobular growth pattern and each individual lobule contained ductal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells surrounding the ductal cells. Immunohistochemically, the ductal epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CAM5.2 and the myoepithelial cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin and p63. Both types of cells were positive for CK14, a myoepithelial cell marker. Ultrastructurally, the ductal epithelial cells were attached by desmosomes and contained abundant intracytoplasmic tonofilaments. Some ductal epithelial cells contained myofilaments characteristic of myoepithelial cells. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma was made. It is presumed that the tumour originated from an intercalated duct in a parotid salivary gland.
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Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Mioepitelioma/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Parótida/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , MasculinoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and cadmium (Cd) levels in blood and urine in individuals living in a Cd-contaminated area according to the type of osteoporosis medication over a three-year period. This follow-up study included 204 residents living in the vicinity of a closed copper refinery, who had been found to have elevated urinary or blood Cd levels. Cd levels in the blood and urine, as well as BMD, were measured every 6 months. After the first BMD measurement, individuals were prescribed antiresorptives such as alendronate or vitamin D and calcium, according to their BMD. Subjects were classified according to the type of medicine provided over the previous 6 months. General linear models controlling for other factors were used to evaluate the effects of each type of medication on the participants' Cd levels and BMD. Spinal BMD showed a significant increase in the antiresorptive group compared to the nontreatment group. Significant decreases in blood Cd levels were found in the vitamin D and calcium group, in comparison to the nontreatment group, as well as a marginally significant decrease in the antiresorptive group. The vitamin D and calcium group showed a significantly greater decrease in urinary Cd levels than the nontreatment group. In contrast, antiresorptive medication was found to have a negative effect on urinary Cd excretion. These results suggest that vitamin D and calcium treatment for osteoporosis lowers blood Cd levels more effectively and improves urinary Cd excretion.
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Alendronato/uso terapéutico , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Cadmio/sangre , Cadmio/orina , Calcio/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Contaminantes Ambientales/sangre , Contaminantes Ambientales/orina , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Absorciometría de Fotón , Anciano , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Cobre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Metalurgia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis/diagnóstico , Osteoporosis/fisiopatología , Eliminación Renal , República de Corea , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Fungal endophytes comprise one of the most ubiquitous groups of plant symbionts. They live asymptomatically within vascular plants, bryophytes and also in close association with algal photobionts inside lichen thalli. While endophytic diversity in land plants has been well studied, their diversity in lichens and bryophytes are poorly understood. Here, we compare the endolichenic and endophytic fungal communities isolated from lichens and bryophytes in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica. A total of 93 fungal isolates were collected from lichens and bryophytes. In order to determine their identities and evolutionary relationships, DNA sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear ribosomal small subunit (nuSSU), nuclear large subunit (nuLSU), and mitochondrial SSU (mtSSU) rDNA were obtained and protein coding markers of the two largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2) were generated. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses revealed that most of the fungal isolates were distributed in the following six classes in the phylum Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Lecanoromycetes, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes and Sordariomycetes. For the first time we report the presence of subphylum Mortierellomycotina that may belong to an undescribed order in endophytic fungi. Taken together, our results imply that lichens and bryophytes provide similar niches and harbour a selection of these fungi, indicating generalists within the framework of evolutionary adaptation.
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OBJECTIVE: Total arch transposition (TAT) during hybrid endovascular repair for aortic arch disease is believed to allow a better landing zone, but also to be associated with higher peri-operative mortality than partial arch transposition (PAT). Information on this issue is limited. METHOD: This study was a retrospective analysis. All 53 consecutive patients with aortic arch disease (41 males, mean age 65.0 years) who underwent hybrid endovascular repair with TAT (zone 0, n=20) or PAT (zone 1 or 2, n=33) from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The peri-operative and late outcomes of these two groups were compared. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics, including EuroSCORE II results, were similar in the two groups. After procedures, peri-operative mortalities and stroke rates were similar in the two groups (5.0% vs. 9.1%, p=1.000, and 10.0% vs. 6.1%, p=.627). Interestingly, all four strokes occurred in patients with a type III aortic arch irrespective of transposition type. Primary success rates (80.0% vs. 69.7%, p=.527) and type I endoleak incidences (20.0% vs. 27.3%, p=.744) were not significantly different. During follow up (mean duration 36.9 months), overall survival (89.7% vs. 87.4% at 1 year and 89.7% vs. 79.3% at 3 years; p=.375) and re-intervention free survival rates (78.6% vs. 92.0% at 1 year; 72.0% vs. 62.2% at 3 years, p=.872) were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Morbidity and mortality were high within the first year of hybrid endovascular therapy for aortic arch disease, implying that candidates for hybrid procedures need to be selected carefully. Hybrid endovascular repair with TAT was found to have peri-operative mortality, stroke, and long-term survival rates comparable with PAT, so hybrid endovascular repair may be considered, irrespective of type of arch reconstruction, when clinically indicated.
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Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Síndromes del Arco Aórtico/cirugía , Anciano , Síndromes del Arco Aórtico/mortalidad , Prótesis Vascular , Endofuga/etiología , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Stents , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Injerto Vascular/efectos adversos , Injerto Vascular/métodos , Injerto Vascular/mortalidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the utility of arterial pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2 ), and central venous oxygen saturation (SCVO2 ) to guide compression depth adjustment. Thus, in a pig model of cardiac arrest, we observed these parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with optimal and suboptimal compression depths. METHODS: Sixteen pigs underwent three experimental sessions after induction of ventricular fibrillation. First, the animals received two 4-min CPR trials with either optimal (20% of the anteroposterior diameter) or suboptimal (70% of the optimal depth) compression depth. Second, the animals received two 5-min CPR trials with optimal compression depth, in which adrenaline (0.02 mg/kg) or saline placebo was administered. Third, the animals randomly received compression with either optimal or suboptimal depth during advanced cardiovascular life support. RESULTS: The systolic arterial pressure reflected compression depth most accurately and immediately (area under the curve [AUC], 0.895-0.939 without adrenaline and 0.928-1.000 with adrenaline). Although the response of ETCO2 to the change in compression depth was 0.5 min slower than that of the systolic arterial pressure, the performance of ETCO2 was comparable with that of systolic arterial pressure. SCVO2 did not reflect compression depth. Adrenaline administration remarkably increased systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, and coronary perfusion pressure but did not affect the ETCO2 readings. CONCLUSION: In a pig model of cardiac arrest, systolic arterial pressure reflected compression depth immediately and accurately. The performance of ETCO2 was comparable with that of systolic arterial pressure. SCVO2 did not reflect compression depth.
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Presión Arterial , Dióxido de Carbono , Animales , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Paro Cardíaco , OxígenoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A common single nucleotide polymorphism, Val66Met, in the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has a potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of stroke. The relevance of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism to long-term stroke outcomes was examined, specifically with respect to changes in corticospinal integrity. METHODS: Thirty-five stroke patients with unilateral motor weakness were genotyped within 2 weeks after onset (T1), and changes in the integrity of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) as well as alterations in motor function at 1 month (T2) and 3 months after onset (T3) were tracked. RESULTS: On the basis of the Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity score, carriers of the Met allele (Val/Met and Met/Met) showed poorer motor outcomes at T2 and T3 compared to carriers of only the Val allele (Val/Val). For both BDNF allele types, patients exhibited characteristic degeneration of the CST compared to healthy controls. There were no differences between the two genotypes with respect to time-dependent changes in diffusion-tensor-imaging-derived parameters of the CST. However, the two groups showed different relationships between motor outcomes and directional diffusivities according to the elapsed time after onset. Poorer motor function was associated with lower axial diffusivity values for the Val/Val genotype group in the sub-acute phase (T1 and T2) but with higher radial diffusivity values for the Val/Met and Met/Met genotype group in the early chronic phase (T3). CONCLUSIONS: Motor recovery in stroke patients may be affected by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, possibly through its effects on distinct pathological processes underlying corticospinal degeneration.
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Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/genética , Tractos Piramidales/patología , Recuperación de la Función/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Cell culture of human-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) is a useful tool that contributes to our understanding of human brain development and allows for the development of therapies for intractable human brain disorders. Human NSC (hNSC) cultures, however, are not commonly used, mainly because of difficulty with consistently maintaining the cells in a healthy state. In this study, we show that hNSC cultures, unlike NSCs of rodent origins, are extremely sensitive to insulin, an indispensable culture supplement, and that the previously reported difficulty in culturing hNSCs is likely because of a lack of understanding of this relationship. Like other neural cell cultures, insulin is required for hNSC growth, as withdrawal of insulin supplementation results in massive cell death and delayed cell growth. However, severe apoptotic cell death was also detected in insulin concentrations optimized to rodent NSC cultures. Thus, healthy hNSC cultures were only produced in a narrow range of relatively low insulin concentrations. Insulin-mediated cell death manifested not only in all human NSCs tested, regardless of origin, but also in differentiated human neurons. The underlying cell death mechanism at high insulin concentrations was similar to insulin resistance, where cells became less responsive to insulin, resulting in a reduction in the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway critical to cell survival signaling.
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Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Insulina/farmacología , Células-Madre Neurales/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis , Diferenciación Celular , Medios de Cultivo , Células Madre Embrionarias/citología , Células Madre Embrionarias/efectos de los fármacos , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Células-Madre Neurales/citología , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to compare the results of proximal and distal chevron osteotomy in patients with moderate hallux valgus. We retrospectively reviewed 34 proximal chevron osteotomies without lateral release (PCO group) and 33 distal chevron osteotomies (DCO group) performed sequentially by a single surgeon. There were no differences between the groups with regard to age, length of follow-up, demographic or radiological parameters. The clinical results were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system and the radiological results were compared between the groups. At a mean follow-up of 14.6 months (14 to 32) there were no significant differences in the mean AOFAS scores between the DCO and PCO groups (93.9 (82 to 100) and 91.8 (77 to 100), respectively; p = 0.176). The mean hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle and sesamoid position were the same in both groups. The metatarsal declination angle decreased significantly in the PCO group (p = 0.005) and the mean shortening of the first metatarsal was significantly greater in the DCO group (p < 0.001). We conclude that the clinical and radiological outcome after a DCO is comparable with that after a PCO; longer follow-up would be needed to assess the risk of avascular necrosis.
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Hallux Valgus/cirugía , Osteotomía/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Gene transfer of key regulators of osteogenesis for mesenchymal stem cells represents a promising strategy to regenerate bone. It has been reported that LMP3, a transcription variant of LIM domain mineralization protein (LMP) lacking LIM domains, can induce osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. As little is known about the effects of LMP3 gene therapy on periodontal ligament (PDL) cell osteogenic differentiation, this study sought to explore whether gene delivery of LMP3 can promote PDL cell mineralization and bone formation. Our results showed that adenoviral mediated gene transfer of LMP3 (AdLMP3) significantly upregulated ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase), BSP (Bone Sialoprotein) and BMP2 gene expression and increased in vitro matrix mineralization in human PDL. Although AdLMP3 gene delivery to PDL cells did not induce ectopic bone formation in vivo, we found that AdLMP3 augments new bone formation, which co-delivered with AdBMP7 gene transfer. Our study provides the evidence that there is a synergistic effect between LMP3 and BMP-7 in vivo, suggesting that LMP3 delivery may be used to augment BMP-mediated osteogenesis. LMP3 and BMP-7 combinatory gene therapy may also have specific applications for oral and periodontal regenerative medicine.
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Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 7/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Proteínas con Dominio LIM/genética , Ligamento Periodontal/fisiología , Regeneración/genética , Adenoviridae/genética , Fosfatasa Alcalina/genética , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Matriz Ósea/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/genética , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 7/metabolismo , Calcificación Fisiológica , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular , Vectores Genéticos/genética , Humanos , Sialoproteína de Unión a Integrina/genética , Sialoproteína de Unión a Integrina/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas con Dominio LIM/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Osteogénesis/genética , Ligamento Periodontal/citología , Transformación Genética , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers has not yet been established. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers. SEARCH STRATEGY: A search was made of PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL in June 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs and retrospective or prospective controlled studies were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The main analyses were designed to examine the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers based on the longest follow-up data available and from data obtained at the latest available time-point in pregnancy in each study. MAIN RESULTS: Of 74 articles identified from the databases, seven studies (five RCTs, one quasi-RCT and one prospective study) involving a total of 1386 pregnant smokers, 732 in the intervention groups and 654 in the control groups, were included in the final analyses. In a fixed-effects meta-analysis of all seven studies based on the longest follow-up data available, pharmacotherapy had a significant effect on smoking cessation (relative risk [RR] 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.44). Subgroup meta-analysis by type of study design also showed similar findings for RCTs (RR 1.48; 95% CI 1.04-2.09) and other types of studies (RR 3.25; 95% CI 1.65-6.39). The abstinence rate at late pregnancy in the intervention ranged from 7 to 22.6% (mean abstinence rate 13.0%; 95% CI 10.9-15.2%). A few minor adverse effects and serious adverse effects were reported in several studies. AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there may be clinical evidence to support the use of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers. Further RCTs are needed.
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Inhibidores de Captación de Dopamina/uso terapéutico , Agonistas Nicotínicos/uso terapéutico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/prevención & control , Cese del Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Dispositivos para Dejar de Fumar Tabaco , Adulto , Benzazepinas/uso terapéutico , Bupropión/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados como Asunto , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/inducido químicamente , Resultado del Embarazo , Quinoxalinas/uso terapéutico , Vareniclina , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study was aimed to evaluate whether renal tubular function is impaired by exposure to relatively low concentrations of arsenic. Mean urinary arsenic concentrations and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were compared among 365 and 502 Korean men and women, respectively, in relation to gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and recent seafood consumption. The study subjects were divided into 4 groups according to urinary NAG activity and seafood consumption prior to urine sampling, and the correlation between arsenic concentration and urinary NAG activity was tested for each group. The mean urinary arsenic level was higher in women, non-smokers, and non-drinkers in comparison to men, smokers, and drinkers, respectively. Individuals who consumed seafood within 3 days prior to urine sampling showed a higher mean urinary arsenic level than those who did not. The correlation between urinary arsenic concentration and NAG activity in urine was significant only in subjects who did not consume seafood within 3 days prior to urine sampling and whose urinary NAG activity was 7.44 U/g creatinine (75th percentile) or higher. The urinary arsenic concentration was a significant determinant of urinary NAG activity in subjects with NAG activity higher than 7.44 U/g creatinine and especially in those who had not consumed seafood recently. These facts suggest that a relatively low-level exposure to inorganic arsenic produces renal tubular damage in humans.
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Acetilglucosaminidasa/orina , Intoxicación por Arsénico/enzimología , Arsenicales/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Anciano , Intoxicación por Arsénico/orina , Arsenicales/orina , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Contaminación de Alimentos , Humanos , Riñón/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Alimentos Marinos/análisis , Abastecimiento de Agua/análisis , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Teflon pledgets are widely used for hemostasis and the reinforcement of friable tissue in surgery. However, rare but serious complications caused by the erosion of Teflon pledgets have been reported. We present an unusual case of an intrathoracic cavitary mass that was formed by the erosion of a cluster of Teflon pledgets into the lung parenchyma eight years after a lung resection.
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Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Pulmón , Neumonectomía/efectos adversos , Politetrafluoroetileno , Equipo Quirúrgico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/cirugía , Adulto , Broncoscopía , Diseño de Equipo , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/diagnóstico , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/cirugía , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/diagnóstico , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/cirugía , Humanos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/cirugía , Masculino , Neumonectomía/instrumentación , Reoperación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural changes of tendon axonal profiles of medial recti in patients with intermittent exotropia at different ages. In addition, we compared the patterns of degeneration with those of secondary exotropia over time. METHODS: Thirteen patients, with different ages, with exotropia who had undergone surgery were included in this study and divided into two groups. Eight patients had intermittent or constant exotropia; their age ranged from 6 to 45 years and they had exotropia since childhood without amblyopia, these patients were assigned to group A. The other five patients with sensory exotropia ranged in age from 15 to 52 years; they did not have exotropia until a visual insult and had poor vision in one eye, these patients were assigned to group B. All patients had the medial recti resected (3-5.5 mm) to obtain tissue samples. All specimens were examined with an electron microscope. RESULTS: Schwann cell degeneration was observed with increased neurofilament density, axonal vacuoles and hydropic swelling of the Schwann cells in two patients less than 10 years of age in group A. The other six patients were more than 10 years of age in group A, and it was not possible to identify the tendon axonal profiles or neural structures in the medial recti specimens of these patients. For group B, all patients had intact proprioceptor structures including Schwann cells. However, the collagen diameter decreased and density increased within the capsule according to the duration of exotropia. CONCLUSION: Schwann cell degeneration of tendon proprioceptors in the medial rectus might induce the degeneration of proprioceptors in patients with intermittent exotropia over time.
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Exotropía/patología , Músculos Oculomotores/inervación , Tendones/inervación , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Axones/ultraestructura , Niño , Exotropía/etiología , Exotropía/cirugía , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculos Oculomotores/cirugía , Músculos Oculomotores/ultraestructura , Células de Schwann/ultraestructura , Tendones/ultraestructura , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A 16-year-old female Japanese cat was presented with a single mammary-gland nodule approximately 3 cm in diameter. Histologically, the nodule consisted of necrotizing granulomatous panniculitis, vasculitis, and mastitis, and contained free and clustered protozoal organisms. The organism was present in the cytoplasm of macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and mammary-gland epithelia. The organism was positive for anti- Toxoplasma gondii and anti- Neospora caninum antibodies. Electron microscopy showed single and grouped tachyzoites, with morphologic features similar to those of T. gondii. Polymerase chain reaction and deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis was consistent with T. gondii infection. This is the first report of cutaneous toxoplasmosis in a Japanese cat.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/veterinaria , Toxoplasmosis Animal/patología , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Gatos , Femenino , Japón , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/parasitología , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/patología , Toxoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Toxoplasma/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
To evaluate the effects of endotoxin on the morphology of the equine central, autonomic and enteric nervous system and intestinal muscularis, six Thoroughbred horses with experimentally induced endotoxaemia were examined. The lesions in the central nervous system consisted of perivascular oedema around arterioles, suggesting brain oedema, and ring haemorrhages around veins, similar to those in human patients with septic shock. In the cranial mesenteric ganglia, neuronal cell bodies became pink or red, with shrinkage of cytoplasm indicative of ischaemic changes; intramural and perivascular infiltration by erythrocytes and neutrophils occurred around arterioles in the epineurium (acute focal interstitial inflammation). In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed oedema of the endoneurium and mesoaxon in the nerve fascicles running inside or outside the ganglia. Myenteric neurons showed shrinkage of the cytoplasm with multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles, suggesting ischaemic changes. Oedematous degeneration and coagulation necrosis of smooth muscle cells, with dissociation of the cells, were prominent in the tunica muscularis. It is suggested that arterionecrosis elicited by endotoxin and frequently observed in the autonomic and enteric nervous system and intestinal muscularis, was the result of vasoconstriction or vasospasm.
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Endotoxemia/inducido químicamente , Escherichia coli , Enfermedades de los Caballos/inducido químicamente , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/inducido químicamente , Sistema Nervioso/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/patología , Endotoxemia/patología , Escherichia coli/química , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/patología , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/patología , Plexo Mientérico/efectos de los fármacos , Plexo Mientérico/ultraestructura , Necrosis/inducido químicamente , Necrosis/patología , Sistema Nervioso/patología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/patología , Nervios Periféricos/efectos de los fármacos , Nervios Periféricos/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
The present study was conducted to isolate and culture inner cell mass (ICM) primarily derived from in vitro-produced blastocysts and to develop the culture conditions for the ICM cells. In Experiment 1, immunosurgically isolated ICMs of blastocysts derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF), somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or parthenogenetic activation (PA) were seeded onto STO cells. Primary colonies from each isolated ICM were formed with a ratio of 28.9, 30.0 and 4.9%, respectively. In Experiment 2, blastocysts collected from IVF were directly seeded onto a feeder layer with or without zona pellucida (ZP), or were subjected to ICM isolation by immunosurgery. Primary colonies were formed in 36.8% of isolated ICMs and 19.4% in intact blastocysts without ZP. In Experiment 3, ICMs from IVF blastocysts were seeded onto STO cells, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) or porcine uterine epithelial cells (PUEC). On STO and MEF cells, 34.5 and 22.2% of primary colonies were formed, respectively. However, no primary colony was formed on the PUEC or in feeder-free condition. In Experiment 4, ICMs from IVF blastocysts were cultured in DMEM + Ham's F10 (D/H medium), DMEM + NCSU-23 (D/N medium) or DMEM alone. When D/H medium or D/N medium was used, 21.7 or 44.4% of primary colony were formed, respectively, while no primary colony was formed in DMEM alone. These cells showed alkaline phosphatase activity and could be maintained for up to five passages. In suspension culture, cells formed embryoid bodies. These results demonstrate that porcine ICM could be isolated and cultured primarily from in vitro-produced blastocysts with a suitable culture system.
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Masa Celular Interna del Blastocisto/citología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Embriones/veterinaria , Sus scrofa/embriología , Animales , Blastocisto/citología , Línea Celular , Separación Celular , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Técnicas de Cultivo de Embriones/métodos , Femenino , Ratones , Técnicas de Transferencia Nuclear/veterinaria , PartenogénesisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Reactive dye (RD) is known to be a causative agent of occupational asthma (OA). However, to date, no report has been issued concerning the long-term outcomes of RD-induced OA. OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the long-term outcomes in cases of OA caused by RD. METHODS: A total of 11 OA patients confirmed by RD bronchial challenge were enrolled in this study. First and second follow-up examinations were conducted at 4.3+/-2.3 and 13.7+/-2.3 years (means+/-SD) after the initial examinations, respectively. Skin prick test with RD and 11 common inhalant allergens, pulmonary function test, methacholine bronchial provocation testing, symptom and medication scores were determined at each visit. In addition, inflammatory cells in induced sputum were measured at the second follow-up examinations. RESULTS: Reduced lung function at initial examinations did not recover at the first and second examinations despite cessation of exposure and proper pharmacological treatment. In addition, asthma severity (as determined by symptom and medication scores) and non-specific airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine also did not improve. However, skin reactivity to RD almost disappeared at the second examinations. Interestingly, four of the six patients who showed negative skin responses to all 11 common inhalant allergens at initial examinations were found to be atopic at the second examinations. Moreover, in terms of airway inflammation, seven of the 11 patients showed eosinophilia in induced sputum (> or =3%) at the second examinations despite having been on high-dose inhaled corticosteroid medication. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that reduced lung function and asthmatic symptoms persist in RD-induced OA even after long-term exposure avoidance.
Asunto(s)
Asma/inducido químicamente , Colorantes/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Adulto , Industria Química , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Pruebas CutáneasRESUMEN
Due to its high density and cubic structure, Lutetium oxide (Lu(2)O(3)) has been extensively researched for scintillating applications. Present manufacturing methods, such as hot pressing and sintering, do not provide adequate resolution due to light scattering of polycrystalline materials. Vapor deposition has been investigated as an alternative manufacturing method. Lutetium oxide transparent optical coatings by magnetron sputtering offer a means of tailoring the coating for optimum scintillation and resolution. Sputter deposited coatings typically have inherent stress and defects that adversely affect transparency and emission. The effect of process parameters on the coating properties is being investigated via x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and emission spectroscopy, and will be presented and discussed.