RESUMEN
A 58-year-old male patient who had developed left knee pain with a history of trauma was referred to our hospital. Physical examination and further examination by magnetic resonance imaging revealed results that closely resemble a horizontal tear of the lateral meniscus and a tear of the medial meniscus. Arthroscopically, we found a cord-like structure originating from the posterior 1/3 portion of the lateral meniscus and passing obliquely toward the medial femoral condyle in front of the posterior cruciate ligament without a tear of the lateral meniscus. In this report, we describe a rare case of anterior meniscofemoral ligament that was clearly seen on arthroscopy and mimicked a meniscal tear, which is also known as a pseudo-tear of the meniscus.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The sacrococcygeal morphology of Arabs and Europeans has been studied using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging to determine the cause of coccydynia. Studies have suggested differences in sacrococcygeal morphology among ethnic groups. However, there are no data on the sacrococcygeal anatomy of Koreans. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 606 pelvic CT scans that were taken at Cheju Halla General Hospital between 2008 and 2014. Fractures of the sacrum or coccyx were excluded. Differences in the sacrococcygeal morphology among age groups stratified by decade of life and between genders were analyzed using sagittal plane pelvic CT scans. The morphological parameters studied were the sacral and coccygeal curved indexes, sacrococcygeal angle, intercoccygeal angle, coccygeal type, coccygeal segmental number, and sacrococcygeal fusion. RESULTS: The average sacral and coccygeal curved indexes were 6.15 and 7.41, respectively. The average sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal angles were 110° and 49°, respectively. Type II coccyx was most common, and the rate of sacrococcygeal fusion was 34%. There was a moderate positive correlation between age and the sacral curved index (r = 0.493, p = 0.000) and a weak negative correlation between age and the coccyx curved index (r = -0.257, p = 0.000). There was a weak negative correlation between age and the intercoccygeal angle (r = -0.187, p = 0.000). The average intercoccygeal angle in males and females was 53.9° and 44.7°, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sacrum tended to be more curved and the coccyx straighter with age. The coccyx was straighter in females than males. Knowledge of the sacrococcygeal anatomy of Koreans will promote better understanding of anatomical differences among ethnicities and future studies on coccydynia.
Asunto(s)
Cóccix/diagnóstico por imagen , Sacro/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pueblo Asiatico/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , República de Corea , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: Cervical spine radiograms of 460 Jeju islanders. PURPOSE: To investigate the age-matched incidences and severity of the cervical disc degeneration and associated pathologic findings. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Several related studies on the incidences of disc and Luschka's and facet joint degeneration have provided some basic data for clinicians. METHODS: Cervical radiographs of 460 (220 males and 240 females) patients in their fourth to ninth decade were analyzed. Ninety patients in their third decade were excluded because of absence of spondylotic findings. RESULTS: Overall incidence of cervical spondylosis was 47.8% (220 of 460 patients). The percentile incidences of spondylosis in the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth decade was 13.2% (10 of 76 patients), 34.6% (37 of 107 patients), 58.9% (66 of 112 patients), 58.8% (50 of 85 patients), 70.3% (45 of 64 patients) and 75.0% (12 of 16 patients), respectively. The percentile incidences of one, two, three, four and five level spondylosis among 220 spondylosis patients was 45.5% (n=100), 34.1% (n=75), 15.0% (n=33), 4.5% (n=10), and 0.9% (n=2). Severity of disc degeneration ranged from ± to ++++, and was ± in 6.0% (24 segments), + in 49.6% (198 segments), ++ in 35.3% (141 segments), +++ in 9.0% (36 segments) and ++++ in 0.25% (one segment). Spurs and anterior ligament ossicle formed at the spondylotic segments, mostly at C4~6. The rate of posterior corporal spurs formation was very low. Olisthesis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were rarely combined with spondylosis. Cervical lordotic curve decreased gradually according to the progress of severity of spondylosis. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of cervical spondylosis and number of spondylotic segments increase, and degeneration gradually becomes more severe with age.