RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Anthidiini comprise a large, diversified, and widely distributed tribe of megachiline bees. Recently, morphological and molecular analyses recovered five major monophyletic groups within the tribe. For this reason, we review the current classification of the tribe, giving status of subtribe to these lineages. A new subtribe, Epanthidiina (type genus: Epanthidium Moure), is proposed for a large group restricted to the Neotropical region. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses support the taxonomic limits of the new subtribe. We also propose a new genus, Urbanthidium (type species: Anthodioctes gracilis Urban), in order to accommodate results from a previous study in which Anthodioctes Holmberg came out paraphyletic. Two species are transferred to the new genus: Urbanthidium gracile (Urban) comb. n., Urbanthidium psaenythioides (Holmberg) comb. n.

RESUMEN

Abstract The bee genus Rhynostelis Moure & Urban, a cleptoparasite taxon restricted to the Neotropical Region, was previously known from a single species. In the present work, the genus is revised, with three species recognized, of which two are described as new: Rhynostelis chrysogaster sp. nov. and Rhynostelis plesiognatha sp. nov. from Panamá and Brazil, respectively. Misidentification of the type species, Rhynostelis multiplicata (Smith, 1879), in previous works is pointed out and discussed. Diagnosis, illustrations and an identification key for the three recognized species are also provided.

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Troglobitic species are those organisms restricted to caves that frequently present unique morphological features related to these environments. In order to study its ecology, evolution and biogeography, it is first required to properly recognize them. However, especially in Brazil, the basic knowledge is still incipient, with few taxonomic studies such as identification keys for this group of organisms. In addition, since the troglobitic species belong to different taxonomic groups, the information to properly recognize them is often sparse and difficult to access. Considering this, an interactive multi entry taxonomic key available online is an interesting approach, as it makes identifications easier. This study aims to construct a multi-access interactive identification key to the troglobitic invertebrates of Brazil, using morphological characters obtained from literature and direct observations of specimens. The key was made in Lucid version 3.3, containing figures of most characters. It comprises seventy-eight species of troglobitic invertebrates that occur in Brazil, forming a matrix of 231 morphological characters and more than 200 images to support identification. The key is freely available online on lucid central (http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/troglobitic_invertebrates/troglobitic_invertebrates.html). Since Brazilian laws regarding cave conservation has change in 2008, allowing even the destruction of caves, this multi-access identification key is step to reduce the existing taxonomic impediment and also an important tool for identification of troglobites, especially for non-specialists.

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RESUMEN

Updated diagnostic generic characters for the neotropical anthidiine genera Anthidulum and Ctenanthidium are presented. Ctenanthidium versicolor sp. nov. from Argentina and Anthidulum rozeni sp. nov. from Peru are described, illustrated and distinguished from their congeners. A key to the species of Ctenanthidium is provided. The male of Ctenanthidium nigripes Urban, 1993 is described for the first time.

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RESUMEN

Operárias de Lestrimelitta ehrhardti (Friese, 1931) foram estudadas, a partir de um grande número de exemplares coletados no município de Castro, Paraná, Brasil. Os espécimes foram descritos morfologicamente, medidos e ilustrados.

Workers of Lestrimelitta ehrhardti (Friese, 1931) were studied based on a great number of individuals collected in the municipality of Castro, Paraná State, Brazil. The specimens were described morphologically, measured and illustrated.

Se estudió un gran número de obreras de Lestrimelitta ehrhardti (Friese, 1931) colectadas en el municipio de Castro, Paraná, Brasil. Los especímenes fueran descritos morfológicamente, medidos e ilustrados.

RESUMEN

The second species of Dichanthidium, D. veredicola sp. nov., is herein described and illustrated from specimens collected in Berizal, Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil. Dichanthidium exile Moure is reported for the first time in Brazil, from Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. A diagnosis and a key for the species of the genus are provided.

Uma segunda espécie de Dichanthidium, Dichanthidium veredicola sp. nov., coletada em Berizal, Minas Gerais é descrita e ilustrada. Dichantidium exile Moure é registrado pela primeira vez para o Brasil, com um espécime de Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. São apresentadas uma diagnose e chave para as espécies do gênero.