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The correction of stress-induced states and cognitive rehabilitation were carried out during the examination session in three university student groups comparable in the number, sex, and age. In the experimental group, a combination of EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation with preliminary resonance scanning was used. In control group 1, only EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation was used. In control group 2, musical-acoustic stimuli were presented without feedback from the subject's EEG. Experiments with preliminary resonance scanning revealed the maximum positive effects compared to the two control types of stimulation. A significant increase in the power of EEG rhythms, especially in the alpha range, was accompanied by a significant increase in subjective indicators of the functional state and cognitive activity. These results can be explained from the standpoint of the progressive involvement of the resonant, integrative, and neuroplasticity mechanisms of the brain into the processes of normalization the functional state of the body under the influence of combined stimulation procedures.

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The aim of the study was to carry out comparative analysis of effects observed in subjects exposed to light and music stimulation controlled by their own brain and heart biopotentials (closed-loop method) or biopotentials of another person. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Volunteers under stress participated in two experiments in pairs. In the first experiment, light and music stimulation effects formed in each subject in a pair on the basis of their own brain and heart biopotentials, while in the second experiment, they formed on the basis of biopotentials of the other subject. RESULTS: Both types of exposure caused reducing the tension of the regulatory systems in the body, reducing stress levels and improving the emotional state due to the mechanisms of multisensory integration and neuroplasticity. A significant increase in the power of the main EEG rhythms, accompanied by significant positive changes in psychological testing results and positive emotional responses to stimulation was observed only during light and music stimulation controlled by the subjects' own brain and heart biopotentials. These data are attributable to the integration of perception and processing of interoceptive signals significant for humans into the resonance mechanisms of the central nervous system, providing normalization of functional state due to stimulation. CONCLUSION: The data obtained can be used for developing the effective methods of personalized light and music stimulation aimed at timely elimination of functional disorders and returning the human body to homeostasis.

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Literature review and the results of own studies on the development and experimental testing of musical EEG neurofeedback technology are presented. The technology is based on exposure of subjects to music or music-like signals that are organized in strict accordance with the current values of brain potentials of the patient. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the effectiveness of several versions of the technology, using specific and meaningful for the individual narrow-frequency EEG oscillators during the correction of unfavorable changes of the functional state.

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The effects of 2 variants of the method of musical EEG neurofeedback, in which the dominant spectral components of subject's EEG (EEG oscillators) are online converted to music-like signals similar by timbre to flute sounds, have been studied. In the first case, these music-like signals were smoothly varying by the pitch and intensity in accordance with the current amplitude of the EEG oscillator. In the second case, the same variations of flute-like sound were accompanied by such musical element as rhythm. After the single exposure, the modifications of subject's brain activity and positive changes in psycho-physiological state of the subject have been found. Particularly pronounced effects were observed under rhythmically organized music-like stimuli.

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Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) provides the possibility to obtain the predictive and meaningful information on the functional status and features of adaptive responses of the whole organism. Monitoring the functional state in the course of professional activities with the use of wireless cardiorhythmography provides data acquisition on heart rate dynamics in accordance with the level of occupational load. The article is devoted to the development of methods for rapid assessment of the functional state of motor vehicle drivers in the process of occupational activity. There was performed the hygienic assessment of working conditions of jobs. The studies of the influence of the factor loadings on the level of the functional state of the cardiovascular system (CVS) of drivers were performed with the help of wireless telemetry system. A developed computer software were used for the calculation of the spectral parameters of HRV. By the analysis of cardiorhythmograms in drivers there were both revealed significant disorders of the rhythm of the cardiac activity (reduction of total power TP, HF-component, increase in LF-component, LF/HF index, extrasystole) and recorded changes in the spectral HRV indices in accordance with the level of occupational load, that represents the degree of individual response. The method of wireless cardiorhythmography is promising for the creation of personalized monitoring system to assess the risk of individual occupational risk.

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The cardioactive FMRFa is found in the several animal tissues but the action mechanism and the physiological role of FMRFa and FaRPs is unknown. Authors discussed the hypothesis that FMRFa and FaRPs may act as endogenous sympatoadrenal system modulators; sometimes they can act as adrenaline-like hormones. Their physiological significance may be more clear by the pathological and hypobiotics conditions.

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Intravenous naloxone injection (0.1 mg/kg) facilitated blood pressure increase in response to conditioned sound stimulus followed by electrocutaneous shock in conscious chair-restrained baboons (Papio hamadryas). Naloxone at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg had an opposite effect and led to the decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in conditioned fear reflex. Naloxone microinjections (50 microM) into the periventricular hypothalamus led to a significant diminution of blood pressure and heart rate increment in response to electrocutaneous shock; naloxone microinjections into tractus solitarius nuclei suppressed blood pressure and heart rate reactions both to conditioned (sound) and unconditioned (electrocutaneous shock) stimuli. Microinjections of equimolar morphine quantities in these brain regions facilitated such reactions. It is concluded that endogenous opioid system participates in the formation of cardiovascular reactions to emotional stimuli in monkeys, with multiple opioid receptors of periventricular hypothalamus and tractus solitarius nuclei involved in the generation of such reactions.

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It was established that plasma level of beta-endorphin-like IR in baboons (Papio hamadryas) was 8 +/- 1 fM/ml, and of beta-lipoprotein-like IR- 9 +/- 1 fM/ml. Ratio between beta-endorphin-like and beta-lipoprotein-like IR was 0.9 +/- 0.1. Under the electrical stimulation of the periventricular-perifornical area of hypothalamus, the level of beta EP-IR reached 26 +/- 9 fM/ml while the level of beta LP-IR fell. On the mamillary hypothalamic area stimulating, no similar changes were observed. A considerable increase in the beta EP-IR level, up to 53 +/- 2 fM/ml, was recorded in hemorrhagic shock. Levels of plasma beta EP-IR in baboons and in men are concluded to be close and the increase of them associated with the stress status of baboons.

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Experiments on 52 Wistar rats were made to induce hemorrhagic shock by exemption of 40% blood from the jugular vein, which was followed by intravenous injection of either physiological solution or naloxone in doses of 0.4 and 1 mg/kg. Naloxone in a dose of 1 mg/kg was found to improve the animals' status as compared with the control (injection of physiological solution). On the contrary, injection of naloxone in a dose of 0.4 mg/kg led to the deterioration of the animals' status. Based on these data it is suggested that different opiate receptors play an inconclusive role in the development and progress of hemorrhagic shock induced by acute hemorrhage.

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Experiments were made on conscious rabbits with pain shock induced by electric stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Destruction of the paraventricular hypothalamus (primarily of the dorsomedial and paraventricular hypothalamus (primarily of the dorsomedial and paraventricular nuclei) was found to lead, in the presence of shock development, to AP rise, normalization of the heart and respiration rates within 5 to 10 minutes after the destruction. Three out of the 6 animals survived. At the same time destruction of the mediobasal hypothalamus (the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei) did not entail any marked changes in the cardiovascular system. Further progress of shock and the time of the death of all the animals of the latter group did not significantly differ from those seen in the sham-operated animals' group where all animals also died.

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Electrical stimulation of the rabbit sciatic nerve resulted in the development of shock. Injection of physiological saline (1 ml, i. v.) did not change the progressive fall of the blood pressure or depression of palpitation and respiration. The animals died 135--191 min after discontinuance of the stimulation. Injection of nalorphine (0.4 mg/kg, i. v.) or naloxone (0.1 mg/kg i. v.) greatly improved the animals' condition. The blood pressure, palpitation and respiration returned to normal in 90--120 min after the injections. No lethal cases were recorded in this group of animals. It was shown in a supplementary group of animals that naloxone did not change the reserpine-produced hypotension.

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