RESUMEN
AIM: Placement of implants in the maxillary anterior region needs to be preceded by careful analysis of the area as in addition to the functional aspect the esthetic outcome is of prime importance. This descriptive study evaluated anatomical characteristics and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal (NC) from coronal, sagittal and axial aspects using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) giving it a three dimensional analytical approach. Also the dimensions of the corresponding buccal bone plate (BBP) of the alveolar process were evaluated. Additionally, the influence of age and gender on these characteristics was also analyzed. METHODS: A total of 81-CBCT scans of patients with one or no upper central incisors present were selected. Sagittal slices were used for measurements of the NC and BBP and to evaluate shape of the NC. Coronal slices were used to assess NC shape and axial slices to assess number of incisive foramina and foramina of Stenson. RESULTS: The most prevalent canal shape was: cylindrical (48.14 %) in sagittal aspect; Y-type (49.38 %) in coronal aspect; and one incisive foramen with two Stenson's foramina [1-(2-5)] (60.49 %) in axial aspect. Mean NC length was 11.13 ± 3.23 mm; statistically significant differences were detected between genders (p < 0.001). Mean nasopalatine angle was 69.32° ± 7.70. Mean BBP length was 17.12 ± 3.97 mm and mean BBP width was 5.71 ± 1.29 mm, significant differences were detected between genders (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates variability of the NC in terms of anatomical characteristics and dimensions; hence, a thorough CBCT analysis is highly recommended for better surgical outcomes and to reduce the post-operative complications in implant dentistry.
RESUMEN
The purpose of this article is to present the surgical removal of a broken endodontic file from the periapical region of the distal root of a mandibular first molar. The methods of diagnosis and measurement of the distance of the instrument to the adjacent vital structures in the periapical region was done with simple means and in an economical manner.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Microbial contamination of the pulp space is one of the major factors associated with endodontic failure. Thus, in addition to a three dimentional apical filling a coronal seal for root canal fillings has been recommended. AIM: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the intra-orifice sealing ability of three experimental materials after obturation of the root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourty single rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated, cleaned, shaped and obturated. Gutta-percha was removed to the depth of 3.5 mm from the orifice with a heated plugger. Ten specimens each were sealed with Light Cure Glass Ionomer Cement (LCGIC), Flowable Composite (Tetric N-Flow), and Light Cure Glass Ionomer Cement with Flowable Composite in Sandwich Technique along with a positive control respectively and roots submerged in Rhodamine-B dye in vacuum for one week. Specimens were longitudinally sectioned and leakage measured using a 10X stereomicroscope and graded for depth of leakage. RESULTS: According to the results of the present study LC GIC + Tetric N Flow demonstrated significantly better seal (P < 0.01) than LC GIC. However there was no statistically significant difference in leakage (P > 0.01) between Tetric N-Flow and LCGIC+Tetric N-Flow groups. CONCLUSION: In the current study LCGIC+Tetric N-Flow was found to be superior over other experimental materials as intra-orifice barriers.