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PURPOSE: A Comparison of Occlusal Schemes with Condylar Inclination and Anterior Guidance in Dentate Individuals Methods. Twenty-six dentate patients between the ages of 18 to 30 of Indian Origin with canine-guided occlusion and 26 patients with group function occlusion were included in the study. The School of Articulator Munich (SAM) Axioquick system was used to assess the condylar guidance and eccentric tracings of the patients. For analyses, Student's t-test was used. For quantitative data, the mean and standard deviation were calculated. For all the statistical analysis the probability of type-I error of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean condylar guidance for canine guided and group function occlusion on the right side was 38.4 ±12.7 and 30.5 ±12.5 and on the left side was 36.5 ±13.0 and 27.5±12.0 degrees with statistically significant difference [P value: 0.01]. The condylar guidance, incisal guidance, Bennett angle, protrusion, left lateral, right lateral, and left and right lateral angles were analyzed statistically between the two types of occlusions. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups for all parameters except right condylar guidance. Furthermore, all the parameters were higher in canine guided occlusion group over group function occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: Within the study limitations, it was concluded that the condylar guidance was steeper in canine guided occlusion than in group function occlusion. The eccentric parameters were steeper in canine guided occlusion than in group function occlusion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study showcases that the condylar guidance might not play a major role in determining the occlusal scheme but, the incisal guidance determines the occlusal scheme predominantly in class 1 occlusion patients.

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OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to correlate chronological age of the patients with dental age using to Demirjian's method and to evaluate if orthopantamogram examination of third molar development correlates with age estimation. STUDY DESIGN: The study was designed as a radiological cross sectional study. Simple random sampling method was used to obtain study subjects. METHODS: Total of 231 patients between the age group of 10 to 25 years, visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were selected. The digital orthopantomogram was obtained for these patients. RESULTS: Our data showed that, in the maxilla, the stages of tooth developments A to E were reached earlier in men than in women, whereas stages F to H were reached earlier in women than men. In mandible stages B, C, E to F were reached earlier in men than women, whereas stages A and D were reached earlier by the female counterparts. There was a statistically significant difference noted between right and left third molar teeth in all the stages of tooth development. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that between the sexes in maxilla, men reached stages A to E earlier than women, whereas for stages F to H, women reached the stage earlier than men. For mandible, all stages except stage D were reached earlier by male subjects than female subjects. Our study showed that the third molar development can be affected positively by the chronological age of the patient, being developed either in maxilla or mandible, right or left side.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly throughout the world. The objectives of our study were to assess the knowledge and awareness about oral manifestations of diabetes, among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, their risk for developing oral diseases due to complications associated with diabetes mellitus, and at same time, to perform an oral examination to detect these oral symptoms, if present any, along with the recording of Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) index. METHODOLOGY: Structured questionnaires consisting of 12 different statements on the knowledge base of oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus were distributed to 447 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Following this oral examination, brushing and dental visit history were noted, and CPI index and DMFT indices were recorded in all the patients. RESULTS: Results showed that the knowledge about oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus was poor with a mean value of 4.92 out of a possible score of 12. Among the study subjects, the average score of men was 4.42 while that of females, was 5.41. These scores, when subjected to statistical analysis, were highly significant. (P value- 0.005) Subjects also showed significantly high DMFT (P value <0.001) and CPI scores (P value- 0.270). CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that there is a significant lack of knowledge about oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus among patients and hence steps have to be taken to increase their awareness through various outreach programs. All health professionals need to work together for promoting better oral health so that oral complications of diabetes can be brought under control.

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OBJECTIVE: Oral cancer is a significant threat to public health all over the world, especially in Southeast Asia. At the present time, screening of oral cancer, its premalignant stages as well as its early detection, is still largely based on visual examination of the mouth. Visual examination is highly subjective and hence lacks the specificity and sensitivity. The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of toluidine blue in marking a biopsy site in potentially malignant disorders. METHODS: In this study, a total of 500 patients were screened. The study was a case-control study which included 17 lesion cases and 23 normal controls. Toluidine blue staining was taken into consideration to identify clinically doubtful oral potentially malignant lesions and to compare the clinical evaluation with toluidine blue stain followed by a punch biopsy and histological evaluation. SPSS Statistics version 16.0 and Chi-square test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The most common site for potentially malignant lesions was found to be the buccal mucosa. The sensitivity of toluidine blue was found to be 88.89%, while specificity was found to be 74.19%. The positive predictive and negative predictive values were 50% and 97.83%, respectively. P = 0.000672 was considered statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results seem to be promising, but many such studies have to be done at larger scales to exactly help us in identifying the capability of toluidine blue in the long run.

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OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study are: (i) To determine if periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-Diastase is an effective tool to diagnose DM noninvasively, (ii) to use three different types of staining procedures to identify the staining pattern over the exfoliated cells of normal and diabetic patients, (iii) to study the periodontal health status of DM and normal subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Basic questions regarding the demographic data were asked, following which community periodontal index (CPI) was recorded. Oral smears were collected from clinically normal buccal mucosa of 150 patients using wooden tongue spatulas. The subjects were asked to gargle their mouth with water and the wooden spatula was scraped at the site from buccal mucosa. The smears were spread evenly on a dry clean glass slide and fixed immediately with absolute ethyl alcohol. Three slides were prepared for each of the patients. PAS, PAS with diastase digestion, and Papanicolaou staining were performed and examined under a microscope. RESULTS: Average CPI for study subjects was 3.2 and control subjects was 2.1. The average loss of attachment was 1.1 in the study group and 0.2 in the control group (P - 0.00) and the result are statistically highly significant. All the 150 cases (100%) were positive for PAS staining, while PAS-diastase (PAS-D) staining showed positivity only for normal subjects and was negative (100%) in the diabetic group (P - 0.00) and the result are statistically highly significant. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our study showed that exfoliative cytology of the oral cavity, when stained with PAS and PAS-D, can be used as an effective screening and diagnostic tool for DM patients.