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Reconstructing scalp defects after basal cell carcinoma removal in elderly patients is challenging. This case report emphasizes Matriderm® as a successful alternative, addressing limitations of traditional methods. The application of Matriderm® in resource-limited scenarios adds insights to surgical literature, and its' usage addresses challenges in patients, contributing to surgical knowledge.

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BACKGROUND: The study examines, for the first time, the impact on quality of life after liposuction for lipoedema. The influence of aesthetic plastic interventions and their effects on treatment outcomes has been a major focus of our research group over the past 20 years. METHODS: A total of 35 patients were invited to participate in our prospective study, with 30 responding to both the pre- and postoperative questionnaires. The patients received the questionnaires pre-operatively, and 6 months after the liposuction. Our questionnaire set included a self-developed, indication-specific part, along with standardised and validated questionnaires such as the Questions on Life Satisfaction (FLZM), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Freiburg personality inventory-revised (FPI-R). RESULTS: Our self-developed questionnaire showed that our patients feel more balanced, more attractive and more self-confident after the treatment. The FLZM showed significant improvements in all three modules: the general satisfaction with life, the state of health and the outer appearance (body image). Using the PHQ-4, a significant improvement in the two subscales of anxiety and depression could be determined, as well as a reduction in overall mental stress. In addition, the RSES showed a significant improvement in self-esteem post-operatively. Furthermore, the FPI-R indicated a significant improvement in emotional stability. CONCLUSIONS: Liposuction improves the quality of life in lipoedema patients. Post-operatively, our patients reported less pain and were more satisfied with their bodies and appearance. The hypothesis that liposuction in lipoedema improves the quality of life as a multidimensional construct could be confirmed.

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BACKGROUND: Our previous retrospective study indicates that esthetic surgery in general results in a significant improvement in Quality of life (QoL). This is the first indication-specific prospective evaluation of QoL after blepharoplasty using standardized and validated questionnaires. OBJECTIVES: To report changes in QoL after blepharoplasty prospectively with a 6-month follow-up. METHODS: The same surgical team performed an esthetic blepharoplasty on 50 patients. Participants answered 1 set of questionnaires preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The instrument consisted of a self-developed indication-specific part specially designed for blepharoplasty and 4 validated and standardized testing instruments (FLZ, FPI-R, RSES, and PHQ-4) with norm data for German-speaking countries available. RESULTS: This study reveals a high rate of satisfaction after blepharoplasty. 96% felt better about themselves and 94% would undergo the procedure again. Statistically significant increased values were found postoperatively in the items "income" ( P =0.016), "family life" ( P =0.028), "partner relationship" ( P =0.039), "ability to relax" ( P <0.001), "energy" ( P <0.001), "hobbies" ( P <0.001), and with their outer appearance in general ( P =0.018). Blepharoplasty showed a statistically significant improvement in emotional stability ( P =0.017) and a reduction in depressive symptoms ( P <0.001). Our patients had statistically significantly higher self-esteem before ( P <0.001) and after ( P <0.001) the intervention. CONCLUSION: Our prospective study shows that blepharoplasty increases most aspects of QoL significantly, has a positive effect on emotional and physical well-being, and reduces the incidence of depressive symptoms and anxiety.

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The lack of meticulous knowledge concerning the topographical anatomy of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (DUN) may pose difficulties, leading to a delay or a misdiagnosis of a DUN injury. Identification of the DUN is quite difficult without precise anatomical landmarks as reference points. The current study investigates the topography of the DUN between genders, taking as a reference point a well-known landmark, the Kaplan line, used in hand surgery for carpal tunnel release. Twenty-two (15 males and 7 female) fresh frozen adult cadaveric hands were dissected by using magnifying loupes (3.5 and 5.0 x). We marked values proximal to the Kaplan line as positive (+), while we marked distal ones as negative (-). The mean distance DUN-Kaplan line was 1.69 ± 4.45 mm. In male hands, the mean distance was 4.17 ± 1.88 mm, distal to the Kaplan line, while in females, the mean distance was -4.92 ± 0.69 mm proximal to the Kaplan line. Gender dimorphism was detected, with higher statistically significant values in male hands (p = 0.001). Cadaveric studies of the DUN topography, course, and distribution pattern are uncommon. The current study provides an accurate description of the DUN topography, taking the Kaplan line as a reference point, emphasizing gender differences. The DUN is located distally in males and proximally in females. Knowledge of these predictable anatomical relations may help hand surgeons intraoperatively when dealing with a DUN lesion, because of hand trauma or during the decompression of the DUN.

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BACKGROUND: Lumbrical muscles originate in the palm from the 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus and course distally along the radial side of the corresponding metacarpophalangeal joints, in front of the deep transverse metacarpal ligament. The first and second lumbrical muscles are typically innervated by the median nerve, and third and fourth by the ulnar nerve. A plethora of lumbrical muscle variants has been described, ranging from muscles' absence to reduction in their number or presence of accessory slips. The current cadaveric study highlights typical and variable neural supply of lumbrical muscles. MATERIALS: Eight (3 right and 5 left) fresh frozen cadaveric hands of 3 males and 5 females of unknown age were dissected. From the palmar wrist crease, the median and ulnar nerve followed distally to their terminal branches. The ulnar nerve deep branch was dissected and lumbrical muscle innervation patterns were noted. RESULTS: The frequency of typical innervations of lumbrical muscles is confirmed. The second lumbrical nerve had a double composition from both the median and ulnar nerves, in 12.5% of the hands. The thickest branch (1.38 mm) originated from the ulnar nerve and supplied the third lumbrical muscle, and the thinnest one (0.67 mm) from the ulnar nerve and supplied the fourth lumbrical muscle. In 54.5%, lumbrical nerve bifurcation was identified. CONCLUSION: The complex innervation pattern and the peculiar anatomy of branching to different thirds of the muscle bellies are pointed out. These findings are important in dealing with complex and deep injuries in the palmar region, including transmetacarpal amputations.

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BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data concerning the prevalence of eating disorders in patients requesting aesthetic surgery in spite of a large body of literature on the psychopathology of these patients. This may mostly be due to insufficient diagnostic assessment instruments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of eating disorders and their comorbidities in patients undergoing aesthetic surgery. METHODS: The assessment of prevalence of the eating disorders as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder as well as other mental disorders was performed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV mental disorders (SCID), axis 1. RESULTS: 212 patients (198 females, 14 males), requesting different types of aesthetic surgery, were included in this study. Eating disorders had a current prevalence of 8.0% (17/212) and a lifetime prevalence of 11.3% (24/212). Anorexia nervosa was predominantly found in patients with breast augmentation [current: 7.4% (2/27); lifetime: 11.1% (3/27)] and rhinoplasty [6.3 (1/16); 12.6% (2/16)]. Bulimia nervosa dominated in patients with liposuction [10% (3/30); 13.3% (4/30)] and binge eating disorder in patients with abdominoplasty [current/lifetime: 10.8% (4/37)]. Levels of significance (p ≤ 0.002) were reached for prevalence of the eating disorders in above mentioned types of surgery, when compared to prevalence data of the general population (two proportion Z test for SPSS). CONCLUSION: Eating disorders are distributed according to a certain pattern in the different types of aesthetic surgery. Interestingly, the current prevalence of eating disorders (17/212) was comparable to that of body dysmorphic disorder (26/212).

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Animal bites are among the top causes of preventable traumatic injuries. We describe the case of an 8-month-old female infant who was brought to the emergency department by her grandfather with serious rodent bites on her eyes, nose, right cheek, upper right extremity, and other smaller bites all over her body. This case is another proof of child neglect, or a possible infanticide attempt, as the motives of leaving the child in a hut without proper care, are not cleared up to this date. Rodent bites could be associated with Streptobacillus moniliformis infection and rat-bite fever. If the bites are left untreated for hours, the infant may suffer from hypovolemic shock due to bleeding, a possible fatal situation. The emergency surgical treatment of wounds is of vital importance.

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PURPOSE: We sought to identify independent risk factors for positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), local recurrence (LR), metastasis (M) and death caused by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) (DCS) in high-risk cSCC patients. Moreover, we compared the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) system with the previous used in Greece (based on tumor size) and proposed a new classification system. METHODS: 1,524 cSCC patients were enrolled between January 2004 and December 2014, from two medical institutions. Potential risk factors for SLNB (local recurrence/LR, metastasis/M, death caused by SCC/DCS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the included patients with a median follow-up of 60 months 107 developed local recurrence (7%) while 84 developed metastases (5.5%). Among 36 patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), 25% showed a positive SLNB with a false-negative result (11%). On multivariate analysis, key prognostic factors for LR were tumor diameter ≥2 cm, poor differentiation, incomplete excision and perineural invasion and for M were high-risk tumor site, tumor diameter ≥2 cm, poor differentiation, invasion beyond subcutaneous tissue, incomplete excision, perineural invasion and recurrence. DCS seems to be affected by tumor diameter ≥ 2 cm, poor differentiation, invasion beyond subcutaneous tissue, incomplete excision, perineural invasion and recurrence independently. CONCLUSIONS: These suggest the determined role of tumor diameter of cSCCs. Harnessing knowledge and collecting the up-to-date data along the clinical journey of high-risk cSCC, the future looks bright (development of new clinical trials, adjuvant therapies and tumor staging with SLNB).

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BACKGROUND: As has been proven by numerous studies, people with gender identity disorders have a reduced quality of life. Considerable psychological strain leads to depressive and anxiety disorders and increased suicidal tendencies compared with the normal population. In addition, social limitations reduce the quality of life. More and more transsexual people use the possibility of undergoing gender reassignment surgery. However, this surgery means a radical change in a patient's life. This work aims to analyse whether surgical interventions help to improve the quality of and satisfaction with life of transmen and transwomen in a long-lasting way. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Our analysis only included original retrospective or prospective studies concerning the quality of life after gender reassignment surgery. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included. Quality of life was analysed retrospectively in 20 studies and prospectively in 7 studies. Four publications studied only transmen, 11 studied only transwomen, and 12 studied both. The totality of all studies examined 1849 transwomen and 869 transmen. Changes in quality of life were measured by different validated questionnaires. A significant improvement in quality of life was shown in the subareas mental, physical and social health. It was proven that patients were more satisfied with their own bodies and genders and had a higher quality of life in general.Even after gender reassignment surgery, the rates of mental disorders and mortality remained increased. Compared with the normal population, the quality of life of transsexual people was reduced. CONCLUSION: Numerous studies have proven that gender reassignment surgery helps to reduce the level of suffering in transmen and transwomen. Satisfaction with life, mental and physical health as well as social life improve after surgical treatment combined with endocrinologic and psychological treatment. However, compared with the normal population, the quality of life of transsexual people lags behind.

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Axonal count is the base for efficient nerve transfer; despite its capital importance, few studies have been published on human material, most research approaches being performed on experimental animal models of nerve injury. Thus, standard analysis methods are still lacking. Quantitative data obtained have to be reproducible and comparable with published data by other research groups. To share results with the scientific community, the standardization of quantitative analysis is a fundamental step. For this purpose, the experiences of the Italian, Austrian, German, Greek, and Iberian-Latin American groups have been compared with each other and with the existing literature to reach a consensus in the fiber count and draw up a protocol that can make future studies from different centers comparable. The search for a standardization of the methodology was aimed to reduce all the factors that are associated with an increase in the variability of the results. All the preferential methods to be used have been suggested. On the other hand, alternative methods and different methods have been identified to achieve the same goal, which in our experience are completely comparable; therefore, they can be used indifferently by the different centers according to their experience and availability.

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As our previous studies have shown, cosmetic surgery has a positive correlation with postoperative well-being. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the postoperative changes in quality of life (QoL) after a rhinoplasty. Thirty-four patients who underwent septorhinoplasty performed by a single surgeon from July 2015 to October 2018 reported in indication-specific self-developed and different validated questionnaires (FLZM or Fragen zur Lebenszufriedenheit Module, Freiburg Personality Inventor, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Functional Rhinoplasty Outcome Inventory 17 [FROI-17], and Glasgow Benefit Inventory [GBI]) on the status of their QoL preoperatively (T0) and 6 months' follow-up (T1). Our goal was to assess the difference in psyche and self-esteem and to get objective insights into the effect of the operation. Significant improvements in QoL in terms of general module, health, and appearance were noted. The general part of the FLZM showed increasing T1 values in the sum scores (p = 0.005). With regard to the item "health," T1 was better than the norm data (p = 0.003). The statistically significant improvement for the item nose appearance (p < 0.0001) after operation and T1 versus reference data (p < 0.010) should be highlighted. The subjective patient ratings showed statistically significant T1 improvements for all items of the FROI-17: overall nose (p < 0.0001), nasal function (p = 0.001), general/further symptoms (p = 0.006), and confidence increased by aesthetic changes (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the GBI score shows an improved QoL after rhinoplasty (p < 0.0001). Based on the assessment of a variety of disease- and nondisease-specific validated questionnaires, numerous improvements in the QoL of the patients were observed. Therefore, we support septorhinoplasty as a meaningful procedure regarding QoL improvement. The level of evidence is Level II prospective cohort study.

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BACKGROUND: Partly as a result of the increasing attention directed toward transgender individuals and despite much research work on the topic of quality of life (QOL) of transgender, there is still a lack of studies using standardized questionnaires in their evaluation. AIMS: We designed a survey to evaluate the influence of surgery after phalloplasty (osteofasciocutaneous fibula free flap or osteofasciocutaneous radial free forearm flap) on QOL, emotional stability, self-esteem, and psyche of postoperated transgender men. METHODS: The present study included 32 transgender men who had undergone gender-affirming surgery (GAS) exclusively in our department between 2000 and 2012. Apart from our self-developed, indication-specific questionnaire with questions on socioeconomic and demographic data as well as postoperative satisfaction, the testing instrument included 4 frequently used, standardized testing instruments, which we compared with normative data. These included (a) a self-assessment test Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit with questions on QOL consisting of 3 modules (general satisfaction, satisfaction with health, and satisfaction with body image/outer appearance), (b) the Freiburg Personality Inventory, (c) the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire, and (d) the Patient Health Questionnaire 4. FINDINGS: Our self-developed, indication-specific questionnaire showed that 88% of our patients were very satisfied with the aesthetic result, 75% have had sex after surgery, and 72% were very satisfied with sexual function after GAS. Eighty-one percent had a strong improvement of QOL, and 91% would undergo the same treatment again. Eighty-four percent would recommend GAS to others. All patients lived as men fulltime. DISCUSSION: Our study reveals that GAS plays an important part in the interdisciplinary treatment of transgender individuals as it improves the QOL in transgender men in most aspects of everyday life and has a positive influence on the patients' psyche and self-esteem in a retrospective study.

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INTRODUCTION: In patients with chronic facial palsy where the treatment by conservative means or only nerve grafting is no longer an option, reconstruction by dynamic procedures such as pedicled and/or free muscle transfer is required. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients with chronic facial palsy were treaded by temporalis muscle transfer to the eye and mouth simultaneously. In four of them, the combined Gillies-McLaughlin technique was used, but for the fifth one, a modified technique was applied. RESULTS: In all patients, immediate and late postoperative clinical outcomes were satisfactory and improved their everyday quality of life. DISCUSSION: Depending on the duration of the disease, there are different techniques that can be used. For the chronic facial palsy in elderly patients, the muscle transfer has better results, and a self-developed algorithm give us the opportunity to choose the best possible treatment for each one of our patients. The modified technique was found to be better with less surgical time, and recovery period for the patients. CONCLUSION: All the patients were satisfied with the results. For the fifth patient that the modified technique applied, the healing process was faster, and the aesthetic and functional reanimation achieved easiest, with no donor-site morbidity, comparatively with the rest patients where the standard Gillies-McLaughlin technique was used.

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BACKGROUND: There are few studies evaluating depression, self-esteem, and mental health after gender confirming treatment of transgender women. Most of these studies include different surgical techniques and nonvalidated questionnaires. With our survey, we are aiming to assess psychopathologies and mental health as well as sexuality among a group of patients treated by the same surgeon performing our self-developed combined surgical technique. This vaginoplasty approach is characterized by constructing the vaginal cavity with parts of the penile and scrotal skin as well as the longitudinally incised urethra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven transgender women who underwent gender confirming treatment between 2007 and 2013 were included in a retrospective study. The assessment of our study group was performed by means of self-developed indication-specific questionnaires and 3 standardized questionnaires that can be compared with norm data. RESULTS: Preoperative psychotherapy was mostly considered as helpful by the patients, yet postoperatively, only a third of our study participants were still under therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, we could show a change in sexual preference toward a more bisexual orientation. Gender confirming treatment satisfied the expectations for most of the patients and, in their opinion, should have been performed earlier. Results of the standardized Patient Health Questionnaire 4, a short depression screening questionnaire, did not significantly differ from healthy norm data. The Freiburg Personality Inventory, Revised, revealed normal emotionality and sane self-assessment within our study group. High self-esteem and significantly higher scores than norm data were found for the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. CONCLUSIONS: Gender confirming treatment with the combined technique is an important part of a multi-structured treatment of transgenders and does have effects on psychological well-being. It seems to decrease psychopathologies and implicates several ameliorations for transgender women. Findings need to be verified in prospective studies including preoperative evaluations.

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BACKGROUND: The authors' previous research suggested the hypothesis that aesthetic surgery in general has a positive impact on quality of life (QoL). This prospective study aimed to investigate the indication-specific effect on QoL in patients undergoing aesthetic liposuction. To our knowledge, no other prospective study has been conducted using standardised and validated questionnaires with a comparable return rate and sample size. METHODS: Sixty-four patients underwent aesthetic liposuction. Forty-two patients met the inclusion criteria, and 38 of them answered one set of questionnaires preoperatively and the follow-up set at six months post-operatively. The testing instrument included a self-developed, indication-specific questionnaire and four standardised and validated questionnaires with German norm data available: Questions on Life Satisfaction, Modules (FLZM, German version), the Freiburg Personality Inventory-Revised (FPI-R), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). RESULTS: Our self-developed indication-specific questionnaire showed high satisfaction with the postoperative results. The FLZM demonstrated significant improvements for all modules, concerning life in general (p = 0.02), health (p = 0.04) and body image (p = 0.02). Moreover, the FPI-R revealed a significant improvement in emotional stability (p < 0.01). Moreover, the PHQ-4 showed a significant reduction in overall psychological distress (p = 0.03) and anxiety (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Liposuction had significant impact on QoL. The surgery led to a higher satisfaction not only with the result of intervention and the outer appearance specifically but also with life and the state of health generally. It improved emotional stability and reduced anxiety. Therefore, the authors' hypothesis in a previous research was confirmed for this specific indication prospectively.

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Adipose tissue contains an abundant population of mesenchymal stromal cells (= adipose stromal cells [ASC]) with multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory and trophic potential promising for cell-based therapies. Although intensely investigated in pre- and clinical studies, little is known about the impact of donor characteristics on the viability of ASC. To correlate patient data to the quality of processed adipose tissue and to establish a first step towards a manufacturing process for cell therapy, we evaluated the effects of 2 harvesting systems (LipiVage, TTF-System) and donor characteristics on cell viability of nucleated cells in a cohort of 44 samples obtained from 17 donors.The impact of donor-specific factors (localization, age, body-mass-index, chronic diseases, intake of drugs, nicotine consumption or disorders of the thyroid gland) and the harvesting system on nucleated cell (NC) counts and viability of processed lipoaspirates were statistically analyzed.Increasing age has a significant positive influence on NC viability (P = 0.001). Donors with intake of thyroid hormones based on a hypothyroidism and suctioned with the LipiVage-System reached a significantly higher viability of NC (P = 0.038). No statistical difference was shown between the 2 harvesting-systems (P = 0.338) and the donor sites (P = 0.294).We focused on a potential correlation between NC viability and donor characteristics. Based on the donor cohort investigated in this study, cells from elderly patients suctioned with the LipiVage-System and taking thyroid hormones yielded cells of higher viability, suggesting an improved quality for subsequent manufacturing procedures. Further investigations are necessary to understand and correlate this data to ASC in vitro characteristics.

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BACKGROUND: Several studies have been conducted evaluating psychological effects following aesthetic surgery, however few of them following blepharoplasty! PURPOSE: To determine whether blepharoplasty affects quality of life and satisfaction as well as, emotional stability and self-esteem in patients who underwent only blepharoplasty. DESIGN: A retrospective study including transdermal blepharoplasty operations between the years 1995 and 2008. METHODS: A self-developed and indication-specific questionnaire especially for blepharoplasty, as well as the standardized testing instruments FLZM, FPI-R, and RSES, concerning quality of life, body image, personality, and self-esteem was utilized. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 123 patients were included in the study. Forty-six patients participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Results were compared with the existing representative norm data from the German speaking countries. RESULTS: In the indication-specific questionnaire, 44 patients reported a positive influence on their personal wellbeing, and 33 were more satisfied with their appearance (follow-up 3-95 months; average 48.5 months); 20 felt more self-confident, and 25 felt more attractive.Statistically significant increased values in quality of life (FLZM) were found in the aspects work (P = 0.02), mobility (P < 0.001) and independence from assistance or help (P < 0.001).Higher scores concerning personality and self-esteem compared with the respective random sample were found in the questionnaires FPI-R (P = 0.02) and RSES (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Among plastic surgical interventions, blepharoplasty is a minimal invasive operation, which is very well tolerated by patients. Patients take advantage in personal wellbeing, self-esteem, and different aspects of their daily life.

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INTRODUCTION: It has been theorized that there are 2 subgroups within the male-to-female (MtF) transgender population: individuals who are predominantly androphilic and those who are predominantly gynephylic or interested in both male and female partners. AIM: To explore the role of a dichotomous distribution of age at dysphoria onset in individuals diagnosed with MtF gender dysphoria. METHODS: 40 patients who presented to a surgical clinic in Germany for gender-affirming surgery (GAS) were included in this study. Their age distribution was plotted as a histogram and the population was then divided at the median self-reported age of onset of gender dysphoria-that is, those 17 years and younger and those 18 years and older. The 2 groups were then compared with regard to demographic data, partnership history, various quality of life parameters, as well as sexual orientation and sexual history. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-designed questionnaires for demographics and sexuality, Questions on Life Satisfaction and Body Image (FLZM), Freiburg Personality Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire were used. RESULTS: Early-onset, gender-dysphoric MtF patients underwent GAS at a much younger age (mean 32.7 vs 43.8 years, P = .004), but had similar characteristics regarding weight, height, body mass index, marital status, and living situation to individuals who reported later onset of gender dysphoria. Preoperatively, they showed greater depressive symptoms (4.6 vs 3.3 points, P = .045), which disappeared after GAS. Following surgery, the younger MtFs were predominantly attracted to men (52.6%), whereas individuals who were diagnosed with late-onset of gender dysphoria preferred women or both men and women (85.7%) as sexual partners (P = .010). Younger trans individuals were more frequently sexually active (73.7% vs 42.9%, P = .049). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that there are 2 MtF populations that differ in age of dysphoria onset, sexual history, and multiple personal details including sexual orientation. These data may be used to improve care to transgender individuals by providing treatment reflecting their sexual interests. Zavlin D, Wassersug RJ, Chegireddy V, et al. Age-Related Differences for Male-to-Female Transgender Patients Undergoing Gender-Affirming Surgery. Sex Med 2019;7:86-93.

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BACKGROUND: In our previous retrospective study, we detected an increased quality of life after aesthetic abdominoplasty. In this survey, we analyzed quality of life, self-esteem, emotional stability, and mental health before and after aesthetic abdominoplasty prospectively. METHODS: Twenty-two female patients were surveyed before and six months after their surgeries. The testing instrument consisted of a self-developed indication-specific questionnaire and four standardized tests (Questions on Life Satisfaction plus a specified part body image, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Freiburg Personality Inventory, and Patient Health Questionnaire-4). RESULTS: Significantly increased values were found concerning feeling comfortable in swimwear in front of the mirror or the sexual partner and at social or professional activities (each p=0.000). Women had less problems doing sports (p=0.029) and felt more feminine (p=0.012). Sum scores of general life satisfaction (p=0.016) and scores of the items leisure activity (p=0.003), relaxing abilities (p=0.002), and sexuality (p=0.046) showed significant improvements. The body image improved in general (p=0.010) and in particular in the items abdomen, hips, and waist (each p=0.000). Emotional stability increased significantly (p=0.029). We detected a mild mental depression in 27% and a moderate depression in 32% of our patients before surgery. Depressive disorders were significantly reduced (p=0.004) down to mild depression in 18% and moderate depression in 9% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Positive results for quality of life shown in the retrospective study were confirmed. Abdominoplasty improves general life satisfaction and satisfaction with health and outer appearance and increases emotional stability. Depressive patients showed a significant improvement after aesthetic abdominoplasty.

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