RESUMEN

Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis of brain tumors and in the decision-making process for therapy. Functional imaging techniques can reflect cellular density (diffusion imaging), capillary density (perfusion techniques), and tissue biochemistry (magnetic resonance [MR] spectroscopy). In addition, cortical activation imaging (functional MR imaging) can identify various loci of eloquent cerebral cortical function. Combining these new tools can increase diagnostic specificity and confidence. Familiarity with conventional and advanced imaging findings facilitates accurate diagnosis, differentiation from other processes, and optimal patient treatment. This article is a practical synopsis of pathologic, clinical, and imaging spectra of most common brain tumors.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos/diagnóstico , Neuroimagen/métodos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Medios de Contraste , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Imagen Multimodal , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos/epidemiología , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos/terapia , Imagen de Perfusión , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pilocytic astrocytoma can be challenging to diagnose. METHODS: Its clinical presentations can differ, directly related to its size and location, and are relatively unreliable. Similarly, imaging findings also vary with the location of the pilocytic astrocytoma. RESULTS: This review provides an overview of the different imaging findings regarding pilocytic astrocytomas using both conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging sequences according to tumour location; the findings are strongly related to the tumour's tendency to infiltrate surrounding structures, being able to carry out gross total resection, and finally the prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of these imaging manifestations of pilocytic astrocytoma may be helpful to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. TEACHING POINTS: • To recognise the various imaging findings of pilocytic astrocytoma on both conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging sequences. • To identify the characteristic imaging findings according to tumour location. • To discuss the relevant differential diagnoses of pilocytic astrocytoma in each tumour location.