RESUMEN
The Visit, an immersive participatory artwork (viewed on a screen or virtual reality headset), was produced as part of a research programme investigating the subjective experience of dementia and the relational dynamic between people with dementia and others. It invites viewers to engage with a digital human character, 'Viv', as she shares her experiences of living with dementia. The experiences that Viv recounts are based on verbatim accounts from in-depth interviews with four women living with dementia. The artwork was designed with the combined aim of generating insights into the lived experience of dementia and establishing conditions under which viewers might cultivate empathy for the character portrayed. Viewers engaging with Viv were invited to complete pre- and post-engagement measures of state empathy alongside an assessment of emotional distance. State empathy was significantly greater after engaging with The Visit, and correspondingly, there was a significant decrease in emotional distance (aversion), suggesting that the aims were met.
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Demencia , Realidad Virtual , Emociones , Empatía , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) has been widely used in engineering applications involving non-contact vibration and sound measurements. This technique has also been used in some biomedical applications including hearing research. The detectable frequencies are in the range of near-DC to 1 GHz or higher. This paper reviews applications of LDV in biomedical engineering and proposes new medical imaging applications based on measuring surface vibrations of tissues and organs. Tests were conducted on human skin using single point and scanning laser vibrometers. These tests suggest that skin vibrations due to the forcing excitation from the heart can be used in imaging of blood flow. The results of these tests illustrate the potential of such vibration measurements in a variety of diagnostic medical imaging applications including blood flow/restrictions, real-time monitoring of blood pressure variations, wound healing, muscle movements, etc. The fact that the measurements can be conducted remotely (non-contact) is an important benefit that adds to the promise of this approach.
RESUMEN
Recent research has examined how people predict unobserved features of an object when its category membership is ambiguous. The debate has focused on whether predictions are based solely on information from the most likely category, or whether information from other possible categories is also used. In the present experiment, we compared these category-based approaches with feature conjunction reasoning, where predictions are based on a comparison among exemplars (rather than categories) that share features with a target object. Reasoning strategies were assessed by examining patterns of feature prediction and by using an eye gaze measure of attention during induction. The main findings were (1) the majority of participants used feature conjunction rather than categorical strategies, (2) people predominantly gazed at the exemplars that were most similar to the target object, and (3) although people gazed most at the most probable category to which an object could belong, they also attended to other plausible category alternatives during induction. These findings question the extent to which category-based reasoning is used for induction when category membership is uncertain.
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Fijación Ocular , Incertidumbre , Adolescente , Atención , Formación de Concepto , Medidas del Movimiento Ocular , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reconocimiento Visual de ModelosRESUMEN
In four experiments, we investigated how people make feature predictions about objects whose category membership is uncertain. Artificial visual categories were presented and remained in view while a novel instance with a known feature, but uncertain category membership was presented. All four experiments showed that feature predictions about the test instance were most often based on feature correlations (referred to as feature conjunction reasoning). Experiment 1 showed that feature conjunction reasoning was generally preferred to category-based induction in a feature prediction task. Experiment 2 showed that people used all available exemplars to make feature conjunction predictions. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that the preference for predictions based on feature conjunction persisted even when category-level information was made more salient and inferences involving a larger number of categories were required. Little evidence of reasoning based on the consideration of multiple categories (e.g., Anderson, (Psychological Review, 98:409-429, 1991)) or the single, most probable category (e.g., Murphy & Ross, (Cognitive Psychology, 27:148-193, 1994)) was found.
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Aprendizaje por Asociación , Atención , Percepción de Color , Aprendizaje Discriminativo , Reconocimiento Visual de Modelos , Incertidumbre , Humanos , Aprendizaje por ProbabilidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Evaluation of patients for Lynch syndrome includes assessment of age and family cancer history as well as testing for microsatellite instability and alterations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. We examined the value of routine immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing resection at a single institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Beginning in July 2006, all patients aged < 50 years who were undergoing resection of primary CRC had their specimens routinely examined by IHC for MMR proteins. Patients aged 50-60 years were examined if histopathology suggestive of Lynch syndrome was reported, and patients of any age were examined if strong clinical suspicion was present. Family cancer history was analyzed and fulfillment of Amsterdam II criteria determined. RESULTS: Over an 18-month period, 96 patients aged < 50 years underwent CRC resection. Out of these, 72 patients (75%) had immunohistochemical testing, with an overall MMR protein loss rate of 19%. In selected patients aged 50-60 years and > 60 years, loss rates were 26% and 65%, respectively. Of all patients with MMR protein loss, 10 (32%) had reported histopathology, and 3 (10%) had family histories suggesting Lynch syndrome. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the feasibility of routine immunohistochemical testing for MMR proteins in patients with CRC. As only a minority of patients with MMR protein loss met Amsterdam II criteria or had suggestive histopathology reported, routine IHC may identify patients with Lynch syndrome who might otherwise be missed.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Reparación de la Incompatibilidad de ADN/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Factores de Edad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/genética , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Refugee and migrant children are likely to be exposed to many of the risk factors for emotional and behavioural problems. These children form a significant proportion of the school population in London and other inner cities in the UK. However, there are very little epidemiological data available on their mental health. In this study, we aimed to examine the prevalence of psychological problems among refugee and migrant schoolchildren compared to their UK-born peers. METHOD: A cross-sectional investigation using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) examined in association with socio-demographic variables including language preference. RESULTS: Almost a quarter of schoolchildren might be described as having a need, with migrant and refugee children showing greater psychological distress on a number of the sub-scales of the SDQ. Language appears to be an important variable associated with distress.