RESUMEN
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is regarded as a major health condition, progressively affecting an increased number of people around the world. The interplay between OSA and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively studied. However, little is known on the relationship between OSA and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This review provides an insight into the prevalence of OSA in T1DM and its relationship with diabetic complications. Studies have hitherto yielded contradictory results on the occurrence of OSA in T1DM. Indeed, the risk of OSA in T1DM has ranged from 1 in 10 T1DM subjects to more than 1 in 2 T1DM subjects. This high occurrence was confirmed both by objective polysomnography and by widely used subjective questionnaires. Multiple studies revealed the important correlation between OSA and the diabetes complications. Both microvascular (nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular complications appear to be associated with OSA occurrence, although some associations were not significant due to inadequate data. In conclusion, T1DM subjects carry higher risk of OSA, which may be undiagnosed. Additional studies are needed to clarify the exact correlation between the 2 conditions.
RESUMEN
One of the parameters potentially affecting the in vitro growth of preimplantation embryos is the oxygen concentration in the culture environment. An increased oxygen concentration causes the generation of ROS which in turn can cause damage to the cells and seriously disrupt the embryonic development. Previous studies have assessed oxygen concentrations in the fallopian tubes of several mammals of between 5 and 8%, while the oxygen levels in the uterus were found to be even lower; similar measurements have been confirmed in humans. In addition, studies in mammalian embryos showed that low oxygen concentrations improve embryo development. Multiple studies on the effect of the oxygen concentration on human embryos have been conducted so far with diverse methodologies and objectives. Data from these have been included in three meta-analyses. All meta-analyses indicate the potential benefit in favor of a low oxygen concentration, though data are considered to be of a low methodological quality and further studies are considered necessary. However, based on the existing evidence, it is suggested that a low oxygen concentration should be adopted in the routine of the IVF laboratory, especially in the case of blastocyst culture.
RESUMEN
The aim of this review article was to discuss impact of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) on employment status and work productivity. We performed a literature search from 2000 to 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and in national repositories. The major work outcomes studied were presenteeism and absenteeism. Many DFUs patients had a poor social and educational background. Overall, DFUs patients experienced increased loss of productivity in their workplaces: either they had to be absent more working hours than average or they faced increased difficulty in meeting their daily requirements. The total loss in productivity is estimated to exceed almost one-third of anticipated working time, while 15 to 34.3% of DFUs patients expressed concerns about severe changes in their working environment, attributed directly to their condition. More than 1 out of 5 DFUs patients (ranging from 20 to 31.7%) were even confronted with overall job loss and unemployment. Amputations had an even more marked negative effect. In conclusion, DFUs negatively affect employment status and work productivity. Therefore, we need more studies with large participant numbers to increase our experience and to explore potential measures to mitigate these adverse effects.